The following is a list of the guidelines for submitting manuscripts to the journal:

Correspondence for all articles submitted for publication in the Turkish Geographical Review is carried out online with the author, who uploaded the article via the Dergipark system. 

The author(s) should upload their article online via https://dergipark.org.tr/en/journal/1137/submission/step/manuscript/new

The preliminary evaluation does not include manuscripts that do not adhere to the format requirements. Authors should indicate for which section of the journal (e.g., research article, review, etc.) the manuscript is submitted for publication in the journal. You can access the Turkish Geographical Review article outline via the link https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/journal-file/21138.

You should submit manuscripts recommended for publication in the journal electronically. The articles uploaded to the system are subjected to the "iThenticate" programme, and depending on the report on the article obtained, the refereeing and evaluation process of the appropriate studies is completed. In the preparation of manuscripts to be submitted to the Turkish Geographical Review, the following general structure should be taken into consideration:.

General Specifications Related to the Preparation of Articles Proposed for Publication:

1. Proposed manuscripts should be PC compatible and prepared in the Office Word programme (.doc,.docx format). The proposed manuscript should not exceed 25 pages, and the electronic file should not exceed 10 MB. All authors should review and sign the 'Copyright Agreement Form' before sending the manuscripts.

You can access the Copyright and Author Agreement form via the link: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/journal-file/24931.(The form is a fillable form via.pdf and should be added to the files tab during article submission via DergiPark after the required information is added and saved.) When submitting the article to the journal, the contributions of the authors during the production of the article should be clearly stated, the authors should declare that there is no conflict of interest, and if open source data was used during the production of the article, the data accessibility should be added to the article by the authors by introducing the relevant links. The authors should include all this information in both Turkish and English prior to the bibliography.

You can access the author form via the link: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/journal-file/30513

2. Prepare manuscripts in Times New Roman font, 12 pt, justified, 1.5 spaced, and continue paragraph breaks from the next line without interruption. You can use italic and bold fonts in the text when necessary. The text should be placed on the page with a margin of 2.5 cm from the top, bottom, right, and left margins, and the page number should start from the upper right corner of the text except for the first page.

3. The title of the article should be stated in Turkish and English, and only proper names should start with a capital letter.

4. The names of the authors should be given immediately below the title of the study on the left. Authors should be listed in the form of a footnote consisting of alphabetical letters (a), and the institution, e-mail address, and orcid numbers of the author or authors should be specified. Additionally, a footnote with an asterisk (*) should indicate the author responsible for the article.

5. If information about the study is to be given, the title should be numbered (1), and this number should be indicated as a footnote on the relevant page (e.g., this study is based on the first author's PhD thesis).

6. The introduction should be preceded by a Turkish and English abstract of 180–200 words recording the scope, purpose, results obtained, and methodology used, and an extended abstract of 750–1000 words in English. In the English and Turkish abstracts, there should be at least three English and three Turkish keywords representing the study's content.

7. Number all the study's sections appropriately. "First Order Headings" should be given in bold with capital initials, "Second Order Headings" should be given in italics with capital initials; and "Third order headings" should be given in italics with capital initials and proper names. The introduction of the study should be stated as "1. Introduction." Sub-sections should be numbered "1.1" and "1.2" by using the section number within each section. In research articles, the introduction, in which the problem is described and the importance of the study is stated, should be followed by sections such as "Purpose and Method," "Findings," "Discussion and Conclusion," and "References." For review and commentary articles, the "Introduction" section, in which the importance of the study is stated and the problem and purpose of the study are concretized, should be followed by other sections, and the study should be formed as "Discussion and Conclusion" and "References." The references used in the article should be included under the heading "References," and the references should not be numbered.

8. In the studies, indicators such as tables, figures, and photographs should be numbered and given a descriptive title. You should provide captions for the descriptions in both Turkish and English. If tables, figures, and photographs are reproduced from another source, the source should be cited, and the source information should be given under the relevant tables, figures, and photographs. The English subtitles of the descriptions should be italicised.

9. In studies requiring ethics committee permission, information about the permission (name of the committee, date, and number) should be included in the method section and also on the first/last page of the article. Additionally, send this document via the DergiPark System along with the article.

The following research projects require Ethics Committee permission:

- All kinds of research conducted with qualitative or quantitative approaches that require data collection from participants using a survey, interview, focus group study, observation, experiment, or interview technique use of humans and animals (including materials and data) for experimental or other scientific purposes,

Clinical research on humans,

Research on animals,

Retrospective studies in accordance with the law on the protection of personal data,

You can also determine whether you need an Ethics Committee decision for your publication by carefully reading the information on https://trdizin.gov.tr/ufaq/etik-kurul-izinleri-her-makale-icin-mi-istenmektedir/.

10. To identify the author(s), there should be no statement in the manuscript or in the file names.

11. Turkish authors submitting manuscripts in English are required to include a Turkish title, an abstract of 180–200 words in Turkish, and keywords representing their work.

12. You can access the "Responsibility of Authors" field via the "Publication Policy and Refereeing" tab on the journal interface.

Preparation of the Abstract:
The manuscripts to be proposed for the "Turkish Geographical Review" should include an abstract or summary of 180–200 words in Turkish and in a foreign language (English, German, or French) stating the purpose, methodology, and results of the study. "Anahtar Kelimeler" and "Keywords," consisting of a maximum of 5 word or phrase groups in Turkish after the Abstract/Summary, and in a foreign language after the Abstract/Summary in the foreign language, should be included.

Extended Abstract:
For the "Turkish Geographical Review," an extended English abstract of at least 750 and at most 1000 words should be included. The extended abstract should be divided into sections such as Introduction, Data and Method, Results, and Discussion, and these sections should be added to the extended abstract with the first letters capitalised.

How to Use Units and Write Equations:
Use the metric system, put other units in brackets if needed, and write equations using the Word Equation program.

Notes:
Include all notes that need explanation in the text as footnotes and cite them where appropriate in the text.

Tables:
All tables should be referred to in the text, tables should be numbered, tables should have row and column headings. The table's text should not be smaller than 8 pt. In decimal numbers, the whole number digit must be written (such as 0.254, not.254).

Figures:
All maps, diagrams, graphics, and photographs that support the text are integral parts of the text. Maps, diagrams, and graphs should be labelled "Figures" and photographs "Photographs" and should be indicated with consecutive numbers. Cite these at the appropriate location within the text.
The journal publishes in double columns in A4 size. Therefore, the maximum figure size should be 16 x 22 cm. The column width is 7.5 cm for figures considered equivalent to a single column. The final figures should not contain text smaller than 8 pixels.

It is possible to use colored figures in an electronic journal. However, since the printed version will be in black and white, it is preferable to use figures with high contrast.

The author(s) must submit all figures in printed size for inclusion in the manuscripts. Figures exceeding this size will not be published, and manuscripts will be returned.

Drawing, scanning, and colouring of maps on a computer should be preferred. Hand-drawn and scanned maps should not have any background.

All figures, regardless of the drawing programme used, should be attached to the manuscript in.jpg format together with the final corrected text.

Citation of the Bibliography:

The Turkish Geographical Review uses APA 7 in bibliography writing.

References mentioned in the text should be written as (Jankson, 2019) by indicating the surname and date of the author in parentheses in the relevant place. In references with more than two authors, after the first author is indicated, the other authors should be indicated as "et al", but all authors should be written in full in the bibliography. If the same author(s) has more than one work belonging to the same year, letters such as "a" and "b" should be used after the year to prevent confusion. According to APA 7 rules, the "&" sign should be used instead of the words "and" or "and". At the end of the text, in studies with more than two authors, the citation should be given as (Longley et al., 2005), and in studies with two authors, it should be given as (Acar-Deniz & Gönençgil, 2017) at the end of the sentence and Acar-Deniz & Gönençgil, (2017) at the beginning of the sentence. Single-authored studies should be indicated as (Ertek, 2013). The doi extensions of the studies with Doi information should be added to the end of the bibliography as underlined to form an address link. If the article is taken from an online journal without doi information, the URL of the article can be given.

The main usage examples for APA 7 are listed below.

Book
- The book title should be italicised and in lower case, there should be a full stop at the beginning and end of the book title, and then the publishing house should be given in plain and capital letters. You should only provide the publishing house, excluding the place of publication. You should refer to books as (Author & Author, 1987) within the text. The "&" sign should be used instead of "and" or "and." Books with more than two authors should be cited (Longley et al., 2005). The number of editions and DOI information (linking, underlining) should be added if available.

Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J., & Rhind, D. W. (2005). Geography, information systems, and science. John Wiley & Sons.
Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000

Translation Book
- The surname, initials, and year of the author of the original book should be added, and the name of the translator should be given in parentheses immediately after the title of the book. The translator's initials should be written first, followed by his/her surname, and a comma should be inserted, In Turkish, "çev." In English, "trans." is written. The original publication date appears at the end, enclosed in brackets.

Acemoğlu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2019). Ulusların düşüşü güç, zenginlik ve yoksulluğun kökenleri (45. bs) (F. R. Velioğlu, Çev.). Doğan Kitap (Orijinal çalışma 2019’da yayınlandı).

Editorial Book
- Editorial books should be indicated as (Ed.) if there is a single editor, and (Eds.) for books with more than one editor, and doi (linking, underlined) information should be shown in the bibliography if available. Moreover, you should display an internet address as a link if it exists. In the text, single authors should be indicated (Kesharwani, 2020) and more than two authors (Torino et al., 2019).

Hygum, E., & Pedersen, P. M. (Eds.). (2010). Early childhood education: values and practices in Denmark. Hans Reitzels Forlag. https://earlychildhoodeducation.digi.hansreitzel.dk/

Kesharwani, P. (Ed.). (2020). Nanotechnology based approaches for tuberculosis treatment. Academic Press.

Torino, G. C., Rivera, D. P., Capodilupo, C. M., Nadal, K. L., & Sue, D. W. (Eds.). (2019). Microaggression theory: influence and implications. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119466642

Chapter in an Editorial Book or Editorial E-Book
- Start with the surname and name of the author, After the date of publication, the title of the chapter should be followed by the title of the book, and in which book it is indicated as "in." The editors of the book should be listed, and the name of the book should be italicised. After indicating the page ranges of the relevant publication, the publisher should continue with the publisher. In addition, DOI (linking, underlined) information should be added if available. In the text, single authors should be indicated (Ertek, 2013) and more than two authors (Aron et al., 2019).

Ertek, T. A. (2013). Beylikdüzü ilçesinin jeomorfolojisi ve arazi kullanım potansiyeli. İçinde Öner, E. (Ed), Prof.Dr. Asaf Koçman’a Armağan Kitabı (ss.463-504). Ege Üniv. Edb. Fak. Yay.

Aron, L., Botella, M., & Lubart, T. (2019). Culinary arts: talent and their development. In R. F. Subotnik, P. Olszewski-Kubilius, & F. C. Worrell (Eds.), The psychology of high performance: Developing human potential into domain-specific talent (pp. 345–359). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000120-016

Scientific Journal Article
-In articles, the article name should be written in lowercase letters, but the journal name should be capitalised and italicised. The journal volume number should be italicised, but the issue number should be in parentheses. Write "Acar-Deniz & Gönençgil, 2017" for two authors in the text, and "Longley et al., 2005" for studies with more than two authors. If DOI information is available, it should be added at the end of the bibliography. In the bibliography, DOI information should be underlined and linked.

Haciyakupoglu, S., Ertek, T. A., Walling, D. E., Ozturk, Z. F., Karahan, G., Erginal, A. E., & Celebi, N. (2005). Using caesium-137 measurements to investigate soil erosion rates in western Istanbul (NW Turkey). CATENA, 64(2-3), 222–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2005.08.006

Bayrakdar, C., Gorum, T., Çılğın, Z., Vockenhuber, C., Ivy-Ochs, S., & Akçar, N. (2020). Chronology and geomorphological activity of the Akdag rock avalanche (SW Turkey). Frontiers in Earth Science, 8, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00295

Şeremet, M., & Chalkley, B. (2016). Geography, GIS and employability in Turkey. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 40(2), 238-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098265.2016.1141184

-For articles without a volume number, the issue number should be given in brackets, followed by the page number.

Acar-Deniz, Z., & Gönençgil, B. (2017). Türkiye sıcaklık ekstremlerindeki değişkenlikler. Cografya Dergisi, (35), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG347083

-For articles that do not have an issue number, but only a volume number, the volume number should be italicised, followed by the page number.

Sanchiz, M., Chevalier, A., & Amadieu, F. (2017). How do older and young adults start searching for information? Impact of age, domain knowledge, and problem complexity on the different steps of information searching. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.038

-In studies with up to 20 authors, the "&" sign should be placed before the last author, and the last author should be added. For studies with 21 or more authors, after adding the first 19 authors, commas and ellipses should be added, and the last author should be given. 

Website Citations

Blog Post

-After giving the surname and name of the author, the current date and details of the article is written in brackets. There is no need to write "taken from" in website citations. Additionally, italicize the publication place. If there is a single author in the text, it should be stated as (Ouellette, 2015).

Ouellette, J. (2019, Kasım 15). Physicists captured the first footage of quantum knots unravelling in superfluid. Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/11/study-you-can-tie-a-quantum-knot-in-a-superfluid-but-it-will-soon-untie-itself/

News Website
- News site citations should start with the information of the person who made the news, the date of the news should be given (in year, month, and day), the title of the news should be used with the first letter capitalised and italicised, then the site where the news is published should be given; and the address link to access the news should be added.

Bürçeler, D. (2020, Aralık 19) Kuraklık riski ne boyutta? TRT Haber. https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/kuraklik-riski-ne-boyutta-539400.html

Toner, K. (2020, September 24). When COVID-19 hit, he turned his newspaper route into a lifeline for senior citizens. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/04/us/coronavirus-newspaper-deliveryman-groceries-senior-citizens-cnnheroes-trnd/index.html

- For newspaper publications with unknown authors, the title of the article: the subtitle (year of publication, month, and day if given), and the name of the newspaper should follow. If the publication is not authorless but "Anonymous," the name "Anonymous" should be inserted where the author's name is normally written. Use the word "anonymous" only when the article receives specific reference to it. In the text, ("one, two, or three words from the title," year) should be used as follows, and the address bar should be included as a link.
In text: ("Get on board", 2012)

Get on board for train safety. (2012, June 17). Toronto Star, A14. https://www.thestar.com/?redirect=true

Official Institution Website
- If there is no author, the name of the institution should be given as author, and it should continue as date, title, institution name, and address link. The text should state "National Institute of Mental Health, 2018".

Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. (2007). Dış ekonomik ilişkiler. T.C. Başkanlık, Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/09_D%C4%B1%C5%9FEkonomik%C4%B0li%C5%9Fkiler.pdf

National Institute of Mental Health. (2018, July). Anxiety disorders. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml

Web Page with an Individual Author on a Website

-The text should cite Giovanetti, 2019.

Giovanetti, F. (2019, November 16). Why are we so obsessed with personality types. Medium. https://medium.com/the-business-of-wellness/why-we-are-so-obsessed-with-personality-types-577450f9aee9

Aktay, S. (2010, Temmuz 10). İnternet nasıl çalışır? Internet Nedir. http://www.internetnedir.net/internet-nasil-calisir.html

Reports
Reports of official institutions
-Firstly, the name of the official institution publishing the report should be given, followed by the year and the name of the report (only the first letter should be capitalised and italicised). If available, the publication number should be given, the name of the institution publishing the report should be given again and the address link, if any, should be included at the end of the bibliography. The text should reference the National Cancer Institute, 2019.

National Cancer Institute. (2019). Taking time: Support for people with cancer (NIH Publication No. 18-2059). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/takingtime.pdf

- In official institutional reports with authors, the surname and name of the authors, the year, the name of the report, the publication number (if any), the name of the institution publishing the report and the address link (if any) should be added. The text should clearly state "Baral et al., 2019".

Baral, P., Larsen, M., & Archer, M. (2019). Does money grow on trees? Restoration financing in Southeast Asia. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/does-money-grow-on-trees-restoring-financing-in-southeast-asia/

Brochures and press releases
-The publisher of the brochure, the year of publication, the title of the brochure (first letter capitalised and italicised), the title of the brochure in square brackets, followed by the address link, if any.

Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü. (2019). Türkiye'de acil durumlar. [Broşür]. https://www.goc.gov.tr/yasam-rehberi

The institution that made the press release, the year of publication, the title of the press release (first letter capitalised and italicised), the title of the press release in square brackets, and the address link, if any, should be added.

Conference Presentations (Proceedings) / Presentation (Paper) Abstracts
Unpublished conference presentation
-First of all, the author information, date of the presentation, title of the presentation (the first letter should be capitalised and italicised), it should be stated in square brackets that it is a conference presentation, the city and country where the conference was held, and the address link, if any (if it can be accessed by video), should be added.

Evans, A. C., Jr., Garbarino, J., Bocanegra, E., Kinscherff, R. T., & Márquez-Greene, N. (2019, August 8–11). Gun violence: An event on the power of community [Conference presentation]. APA 2019 Convention, Chicago, IL, United States. https://convention.apa.org/2019-video

Paper Abstract
-First of all, the presenting author information, date of presentation, title of the presentation (the first letter should be capitalised and italicised), it should be stated in square brackets that it is an abstract of the conference presentation, the city and country where the conference was held, and the address link, if any, should be added.

Cacioppo, S. (2019, April 25–28). Evolutionary theory of social connections: past, present, and future [Conference presentation abstract]. The Western Psychological Association's ninety-ninth annual convention is held in Pasadena, California, United States. https://westernpsych.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/WPA-Program-2019-Final-2.pdf

Presentation Published as a Proceedings Book
-It is the same as the notation of edited books. For edited books, if there is a single editor, it should be indicated as (Ed.); for books with more than one editor, it should be indicated as (Eds.); and if DOI information is available, it should be shown in the bibliography.

Torino, G. C., Rivera, D. P., Capodilupo, C. M., Nadal, K. L., & Sue, D. W. (Eds.). (2019). Microaggression theory: influence and implications. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119466642

Presentation published as a chapter in the Proceedings Book
-The notation is the same as for edited book chapters. The author's surname and first name should be given first, the date of publication should be given, followed by the title of the chapter, and the book in which it is in should be indicated as "in." The editors of the book should be listed, and the name of the book should be italicised. After indicating the page ranges of the relevant publication, the publisher should continue with the publisher. In addition, DOI information should be added if available. In the text, single authors should be indicated (Ertek, 2013) and more than two authors (Aron et al., 2019).

Aron, L., Botella, M., & Lubart, T. (2019). Culinary arts: Talent and their development. In R. F. Subotnik, P. Olszewski-Kubilius, & F. C. Worrell (Eds.), The psychology of high performance: Developing human potential into domain-specific talent (pp. 345–359). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000120-016

Thesis
Published Thesis
-According to APA, a thesis is considered a published thesis when it is obtained from a database such as the YÖK Thesis Centre, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, or PDQT Open, an institutional repository, or an archive.
First of all, the author of the thesis should be given, followed by the year of publication, the title of the thesis (with the first letter capitalised and italicised), the thesis publication number in brackets, the type of thesis and the university in square brackets, and then the name of the database where the thesis was published. If available, include an address bar at the end of the bibliography. Write (Kabir, 2016) in the text.

Kabir, J. M. (2016). Factors influencing customer satisfaction at a fast food hamburger chain: The relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty (Publication No. 10169573) [Doctoral dissertation, Wilmington University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

Unpublished Thesis
-Theses without a database are considered unpublished. First, provide the author's information, then the year of publication, the thesis title (capitalized and italicized with the first letter), the type of thesis, any unpublished information in square brackets, and finally, the university information. In the text, it should be given as (Harris, 2014).

Harris, L. (2014). Instructional leadership perceptions and practices of elementary school leaders [unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Virginia.

You can find detailed information about how to display other types of sources and use APA 7 at https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/.

Editing the Articles for Which a Publication Decision Has Been Taken

-We edit the manuscripts according to our journal format and send them to the responsible author for final control. The responsible author meticulously checks the errors that may occur during the layout and indicates the corrections, if any, by marking them on the pdf. After the relevant corrections are made, it is published as an early view without waiting for the publication date via Journal Park. The articles for the relevant issue of the journal are completed between December and June.

Standards and Principles of Publication Ethics

Statement of Publication Ethics

Türk Coğrafya Dergisi (Turkish Geographical Review) is committed to the highest standards in publication ethics and adopts the ethical publishing principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), and World Association of Medical Editors (WAME). For the principles expressed under Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing: https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing

The Turkish Geographical Review adheres to the highest research ethics standards and adopts the international research ethics principles outlined below. It is the responsibility of the authors to ensure that the articles comply with the ethical rules."

Submitted manuscripts should be appropriate to the purpose and scope of the journal. We accept original, unpublished manuscripts for evaluation that are not currently under evaluation in another journal, and whose content and submission have received approval from each author.

Once you submit the manuscript to the journal for publication, you cannot remove any of the authors' names from the list of authors without their written consent, add a new author, or change the order of authors.

Plagiarism, duplication, false authorship, research/data fabrication, article slicing, slicing and dicing, copyright infringement, and concealment of conflicts of interest are considered unethical behaviours. We remove all articles that do not comply with accepted ethical standards from publication. This includes articles containing possible irregularities and non-conformities detected after publication.

Plagiarism

The iThenticate software scans pre-checked articles for plagiarism. Authors are notified if plagiarism/self-plagiarism is detected. If necessary, editors may check the article for plagiarism at various stages of the review or production process. Editors may reject an article before or even after acceptance due to high similarity rates. We expect this to be less than 15%, depending on the type of article. This rate also for each cited. article should not exceed 5 percent; this percent is eight percent for the manuscripts out of the unpublished thesis.

Double Blind Peer-Review

The editors-in-chief evaluate the eligible ones after a plagiarism check for their originality, methodology, the importance of the covered subject, and compliance with the journal scope. The editor or section editor provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles, hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two external national or international referees for evaluation, and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Research Ethics

The Turkish Geographical Review adheres to the highest research ethics standards and adopts the international research ethics principles outlined below. It is the responsibility of the authors to ensure that the articles comply with the ethical rules.

-The design, review, and conduct of the research must adhere to the principles of integrity, quality, and transparency.

- It is important to fully inform the research team and participants about the purpose, methods, and anticipated potential uses of the study, as well as the requirements and potential risks of participation.

- We must ensure the confidentiality of the information respondents and research participants provide.

- The design of the research should safeguard the participants' anonynomous, autonomy and dignity.

- Research participants should participate in the study voluntarily and without coercion.

- Harm to participants should be avoided. We should plan the research to avoid putting participants at risk.

- Clear and explicit research independence is required, as is the disclosure of any conflicts of interest.

- Researchers must obtain the written informed consent of participants in experimental studies involving human subjects. You must obtain the consent of the legal guardian of children, those under guardianship, or those with a certified mental illness.

- If the study will be conducted in any institution or organization, approval from that institution or organization must be obtained.

- Studies involving human subjects must declare in the "method" section that the participants have provided "informed consent" and the institution conducting the study has received ethics committee approval.

Author's Responsibilities

It is the responsibility of the authors to ensure that the articles comply with scientific and ethical rules. The author must ensure that the article is original, has not been previously published elsewhere, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, in another language. The author should observe applicable copyright laws and treaties. Authors should use copyrighted material, such as tables, figures, or large quotations, with appropriate permission and acknowledgment. You should appropriately use and cite the work of other authors, contributors, or sources cited in the references.

All authors must have made a direct academic and scientific contribution to the submitted manuscript, where "author" is considered to be someone who has made a significant contribution to the conceptualization and design of the published research, the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data, and who has been involved in writing the manuscript or in critically reviewing it for content. Other requirements for being an author include planning, executing, and/or revising the article's work. The research group's funding, data collection, or general supervision alone does not confer authorship. All individuals cited as authors must meet all the criteria listed above, and any individual who meets the above criteria may be cited as an author. The order of authors' names should be a joint decision. All authors must indicate the author ranking on the Copyright A form, and The "acknowledgments/information" section should list all individuals who contributed to the study but did not meet the criteria for authorship. Examples of these include individuals who provided only technical support, helped with writing, or provided only general, financial, and material support.

All authors should declare any financial relationships, conflicts of interest, or competition of interest that have the potential to influence the results of the research or the scientific evaluation. If an author identifies a significant error or inaccuracy in his or her published manuscript, he or she has the responsibility to immediately contact and cooperate with the editor for correction or retraction. greement Form.

Editor and reviewer responsibilities

Editors evaluate manuscripts independently of the authors' ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, nationality, religious beliefs, and political philosophy. They ensure that articles submitted for publication undergo fair, double blind peer review. They ensure the confidentiality of all information about submitted articles until their publication. Editors are responsible for the content and the overall quality of the publication. They should publish error pages or make corrections when necessary.

The editor does not allow conflicts of interest between authors, editors, and reviewers. He/she has full authority to appoint reviewers and is responsible for making the final decision on the articles to be published in the journal.

Reviewers evaluate manuscripts independently of the authors' ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, nationality, religious beliefs, and political philosophy. They should have no conflicts of interest with the authors and/or the research's financial supporters. They must reach an unbiased judgement at the end of their evaluation. Reviewers should identify published works on the topic that the authors have not cited. They must maintain the confidentiality of all information about submitted manuscripts and promptly notify the editor if they uncover any instances of copyright infringement or plagiarism by the author. If the referee does not feel qualified to review the manuscript or is unlikely to be able to provide timely feedback, he or she should inform the editor and ask him or her not to involve him or her in the review process.

During the review process, the editor should make it clear to reviewers that manuscripts submitted for review are the private property of the authors and that this is a privileged communication. Reviewers and editorial board members may not discuss the manuscript with other individuals. Without the editor's permission, reviewers cannot make copies of the articles for themselves or give them to anyone else. The author and the editor must grant permission before publishing or disclosing the reviewers' revisions. It is crucial to maintain the confidentiality of the reviewers' identities. In some cases, the editor may decide to send the comments from relevant referees on the same article to other referees, aiming to enlighten them in this process.

Requesting exclusive reference of one's own work through the referee's power, known as coercive or oppressive citation, is considered immoral, unethical, and inappropriate. If the referee's work is relevant to the study under review, they may suggest 1 or 2 studies. However, these suggestions are merely advisory, and it is at the author's discretion whether to incorporate them or not.