Digital Technologies' Rising Role in the Livestock Sector: A Future Perspective Based on Academic Studies

Yıl 2024, , 90 - 102, 30.06.2024

Yusuf Çakmakçı , Harun Hurma , Cihan Çakmakçı

https://doi.org/10.61513/tead.1269279

Öz

The primary goal of this study is to explain the digital technologies used in livestock farming, along with the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of these technologies. The second goal is to reveal the historical evolution of the subject's studies. These technologies based on Internet of Things have emerged as electronic ear tags, electronic neck collars, electronic pedometers, sensors, and virtual fences. Furthermore, these technologies have been observed to be widely used in poultry, sheep, and pig farms, particularly in dairy farms. The United States, China, England, and Australia were found to be among the countries where the greatest number of scientific studies were undertaken when the "Bibliometric Analysis" approach was used to study the development processes of the research on the topic. Until to 2015, the majority of the research focused on precision livestock and sensors. However, following 2015, the focus shifted to machine learning, animal and human welfare, animal behavior, and deep learning. As a result of the increased use of digital technology in animal husbandry, animal tracking optimizes animal health, welfare, and efficiency while increasing enterprise profitability. In addition, digital technology enable precise and continuous monitoring of the environmental consequences of livestock farming (greenhouse gas emissions, soil, and water pollution). The digitization of livestock farming in rural areas has the potential to contribute to both rural development and the prevention of rural migration. It also enhances food security and supply.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Livestock, Digital Technologies in Livestock, Bibliometric Analysis, Socio-Economic Effect, Environmental Effect

Dijital Teknolojilerin Hayvancılık Sektöründe Yükselen Rolü: Akademik Çalışmaların Işığında Geleceğe Bakış

Öz

Bu çalışmanın birinci amacı hayvancılıkta kullanılan dijital teknolojileri açıklamak, bu teknolojilerin sosyo-ekonomik ve çevresel etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. İkinci amaç ise, konu ile ilgili yapılmış çalışmaların tarihsel evrimini ortaya koymaktır. Nesnelerin interneti temelli olan bu teknolojilerin elektronik kulak küpeleri, elektronik boyun tasması, elektronik adım ölçerler, sensörler ve sanal çitler olarak ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür. Dahası, bu teknolojilerin özellikle, süt üretim çiftlikleri başta olmak üzere kümes hayvancılığı, küçükbaş ve domuz çiftliklerinde yaygın olarak kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Öte yandan, “Bibliyometrik Analiz” yönteminden faydalanarak konu ile ilgili yapılmış çalışmaların gelişim süreçleri incelendiğinde ise Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Çin, İngiltere ve Avustralya en çok bilimsel çalışmaların yapıldığı ülkelerin başında yer aldığı görülmüştür. Çalışmalarda, 2015 yılına kadar hassas hayvancılık, sensörler gibi konular ağırlıklı ele alınan konular iken, 2015 yılı sonrasında ise, çalışmalar makine öğrenmesi, hayvan ve insan refahı, hayvan davranışları ve derin öğrenme konularına evrildiği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, hayvancılıkta dijital teknoloji kullanımının artması ile hayvan takibi, hayvan sağlığı, refahı ve verim unsurlarında optimizasyon sağlar iken işletmelerin karlılığını arttırmaktadır. Dahası, dijital teknolojiler ile hayvancılıktan kaynaklı çevresel etkilerinin (Sera gazı emisyonları, toprak ve su kirliliği) sürekli olarak takip edilebilmektedir. Kırsal alanlarda hayvancılık faaliyetlerinin dijitalleşmesiyle hem kırsal alanların gelişmesinde hem de kırsal alanlardaki göçlerin önlenmesinde fayda sağlanabilir. Ayrıca, gıda arzı ve güvenliğinin arttıracağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hayvancılık, Hayvancılıkta Dijital teknolojiler, Bibliyometrik Analiz, Sosyo-Ekonomik Etki, Çevresel Etki

Kaynakça

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