YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ VE YENİLENEMEYEN ENERJİ KULLANIMININ EKOLOJİK AYAK İZİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: BİR PANEL ÇALIŞMASI

Abstract

Bu çalışma gelişmekte olan ekonomiler için yenilenebilir olmayan enerji kullanımı, yenilenebilir enerji kullanımı ve ekonomik büyüme ile ekolojik ayak izi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Yani, burada çevresel kirliliğin sürükleyicileri ekolojik ayak izi modeli bağlamında tahmin edilmektedir. Ampirik açıdan ilk olarak; yatay kesit bağımlılığı (YKB) ve eğim heterojenliği araştırılmaktadır. İkinci olarak sabitli ve sabitli-trendli CADF testi yardımıyla serilerin birim kök analizi yapılmaktadır. Seriler arasındaki uzun dönem ilişkisini tahmin etmek için Kao, Pedroni ve Westerlund panel eşbütünleşme yaklaşımlarından istifade edilmektedir. Uzun dönem tahminleri için CCE-MG panel tahmincisine başvurulmaktadır. Son olarak Dumitrescu-Hurlin tekniği ile serilerin nedensellik araştırması üzerinde durulmaktadır. YKB ve eğim heterojenliğinin varlığının yanı sıra serilerin birinci farklarında durağan oldukları tespit edilir. Çalışmada ekonomik büyüme, yenilenemeyen enerji kullanımı, yenilenebilir enerji kullanımı ile ekolojik ayak izi arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişkiye rastlanır. Ekonomik büyüme ve yenilenemeyen enerji kullanımı ekolojik ayak izini teşvik ederken, yenilenebilir enerji kullanımı ise ekolojik ayak izini engellemektedir. Dolayısıyla ilk iki değişken çevre kirliliğini körükleyici son değişken ise çevre kirliliğini önleyici bir etkide bulunur. Çalışmanın politika yapıcılarına en önemli tavsiyesi çevresel bozulmanın önlenmesinde yenilenebilir enerji sektörünün desteklenmesi ve bu sektörün teşviklerde ön plana çıkarılmasıdır.

Keywords

• Yenilenebilir Enerji
• Yenilenemeyen Enerji
• Ekolojik Ayak İzi
• Panel Veri Analizi

THE IMPACT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY USE AND NONRENEWABLE ENERGY USE ON ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT: A PANEL STUDY

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between non-renewable energy consumption, renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and the ecological footprint in developing economies. In this context, the drivers of environmental degradation are estimated using the ecological footprint model. Empirically, the analysis first investigates cross-sectional dependence (CSD) and slope heterogeneity. Second, unit root properties of the variables are examined using the CADF test with both constant and constant–trend specifications. To estimate the long-run relationships among the variables, the study employs the panel cointegration approaches proposed by Kao, Pedroni, and Westerlund. Long-run coefficients are obtained using the CCE-MG estimator. Finally, causal relationships among the variables are analyzed using the Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality test. The results confirm the presence of cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity, and indicate that all variables are stationary in their first differences. The findings reveal a long-run cointegrating relationship between economic growth, non-renewable energy consumption, renewable energy consumption, and the ecological footprint. Economic growth and non-renewable energy consumption are found to increase the ecological footprint, whereas renewable energy consumption significantly reduces it. Thus, while the former two variables exacerbate environmental degradation, the latter plays a mitigating role in environmental pressure. From a policy perspective, the main implication of this study is that promoting and supporting the renewable energy sector should be a priority instrument for policymakers aiming to prevent environmental degradation and achieve sustainable development.

Keywords

• Renewable Energy
• Nonrenewable Energy
• Ecological Footprint:
• Panel Data Analysis

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