Effects of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Food Preferences of Bombus terrestris

Abstract

Entomopathogenic fungi is one of the biological methods as an alternative to pesticides, which is becoming widespread in greenhouse cultivation. Therefore, it is critical to understand how bumblebees will react to entomopathogenic fungi varieties. In this study, it was determined whether various entomopathogenic fungi (1.5 % Beauveria bassiana strain Bb-1, 1.5 % Lecanicillium lecani strain V1-1, and 1.5 % Paecilomyces fumosoreus strain PFs-1) has effect on food consumption preferences of Bombus terrestris worker. Sugar syrup and pollen consumption amounts, as well as the number of dead workers, were determined for 20 micro colonies with 20 B. terrestris worker on 3rd, 7th, 10th, 14th,17th and 21st control days. Base on the sugar syrup consumption values, it was determined that they consumed the standard one at a similar rate with those containing fungi. In pollen application, it was determined that the consumption of pollen containing L. lecani showed a statistically significant difference only on the 14th control day. In both preference groups, the highest mortality rates were assessed as 13.00 % and 15.50 % on the 3rd control day. In the following control days, mortality rates gradually decreased. The results obtained from the study reveal that entomopathogenic fungi has no significant harmful effect on bumblebees.

Keywords

• Biopesticide
• bumblebee
• entomopathogenic fungi
• consumption preference

Entomopatojen Fungusların Bombus terrestris Arılarının Besin Tercihi Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Örtü altı yetiştiricilikte zararlılarla mücadelede pestisitlere alternatif olarak biyolojik yöntemlerden biri olan entomopatojen fungus kullanımı yaygınlaşmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bombus arılarının entomopatojen fungus çeşitlerine maruz kalması durumunda arılar üzerinde nasıl etkiler oluşturacağının bilinmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada farklı entomopatojen fungusların (% 1.5 Beauveria bassiana strain Bb-1, % 1.5 Lecanicillium lecani strain V1-1 ve % 1.5 Paecilomyces fumosoreus strain PFs-1) Bombus terrestris işçi arılarının besin tüketim tercihinde etkili olup olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, içerisinde 20 adet B. terrestris işçi arısı bulunan toplam 20 mikro kolonide 3, 7, 10, 14, 17 ve 21. kontrol günlerinde entomopatojen fungus uygulanmış olan ve uygulama yapılmamış olan şeker şurubu ve polen tüketim miktarları ile ölen işçi arı sayısı değerleri belirlenmiştir. Kolonilerin şeker şurubu tüketim değerleri göz önüne alındığında, fungus içeren şeker şuruplarının standart şeker şurupları ile aynı oranda tüketildiği belirlenmiştir. Polen uygulamasında ise sadece 14. kontrol gününde L. lecani içeren polen tüketiminin istatistiki olarak kontrol grubuna göre farklılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Her iki tercih denemesinde de en yüksek ölüm oranları 3. kontrol gününde % 13.00 ve % 15.50 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonraki kontrol günlerinde ise ölüm oranları giderek azalmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar entomopatojen fungusların bombus arıları üzerine önemli düzeyde zararlı etkisinin olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• biyopestisit
• bombus arısı
• entomopatojen fungus
• tüketim tercihi

References

1. Akkoç, S., Karaca, İ., & Karaca, G. (2019). Effects of some entomopathogen fungi on Apis mellifera L. and Bombus terrestris L. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences. 23(2), 433-439. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.477889
2. Aktar, W., Sengupta, D., & Chowdhury, A. (2009). Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 2(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10102-009-0001-7
3. Augustyniuk-Kram, A., & Kram, K. J. (2012). Entomopathogenic fungi as an important natural regulator of insect outbreaks in forests (Review). In Forest Ecosystems-More Than Just Trees, IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/30596
4. Blacquière, T., Smagghe, G., Van Gestel, C. A. M., & Mommaerts, V. (2012). Neonicotinoids in bees: a review on concentrations, side-effects and risk assessment. Ecotoxicology, 21(4), 973-992. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10646-012-0863-x
5. Buluş, Y. İ., Uzun, A., Demirözer, O., & Gösterit, A. (2020). Acetamipridin Bombus (Bombus terrestris) Arılarında Kuluçka Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 91-99.
6. Demirözer, O., Uzun, Y. A., Yanik, G., Buluş, İ. Y., & Gösterit, A. (2022a). Investigation of the efficacy of some biopesticides by food exposure on Bombus terrestris L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of Apicultural Research, https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00218839.2022.2054538
7. Demirözer, O., Uzun, Y. A., & Gösterit, A. (2022b). Lethal and sublethal effects of different biopesticides on Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Apidologie, 53, 24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-022-00933-6
8. Garibaldi, L. A., Carvalheiro, L. G., Leonhardt, S. D., Aizen, M. A., Blaauw, B. R., Isaacs, R., Kuhlmann,M., Kleijn,D., Klein, A. M., Morandin, L., Scheper, J., & Winfree, R. (2014). From research to action: enhancing crop yield through wild pollinators. Frontiers in Ecology and The Environment, 12(8), 439-447. https://doi.org/ 10.1890/130330

9. Gösterit, A., Koskan, Ö., & Gürel, F. (2016). The relationship of weight and ovarian development in Bombus terrestris L. workers under different social conditions. Journal of Apicultural Science. 60(2), 51-57. https://doi.org/ 10.1515/JAS-2016-0016
10. Gösterit, A., & Gürel, F. (2018). The role of commercially produced bumblebees in good agricultural practices. Scientific Papers, Series D- Animal Science, 61(1), 201-204.
11. Gösterit, A., & Demirözer, O. (2021). Bombus arılarında tarlacı işçi arıların entomopatojen funguslara maruz kalması kolonideki diğer bireyleri nasıl etkiler?. Journal of Animal Science and Products, 4(1), 54-62. https://doi.org/ 10.51970/jasp.894260
12. Gürel, F., Gösterit, A., & Argun Karslı, B. (2011). Sera koşullarının Bombus terrestris L. kolonilerinin tozlaşma performansına etkileri. Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Derim Dergisi, 28(1), 47-55.
13. Hafiza, T. G., Shafqat, S., & Fawad, Z. A. K. (2014). Entomopathogenic fungi as effective insect pest management tactic: a review. Applied Sciences and Business Economics, 1(1), 10-18.
14. Helps, J. C., Paveley, N. D., & Van den Bosch, F. (2017). Identifying circumstances under which high insecticide dose increases or decreases resistance selection. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 428, 153-167. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.06.007
15. Hristov, P., Neov, B., Shumkova, R., & Palova, N. (2020). Significance of Apoidea as main pollinators, ecological and economic impact and implications for human nutrition. Diversity, 12(28), 1-15. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/d12070280
16. Kapongo, J. P., Shipp, L., Kevan, P., & Sutton, J. C. (2008). Co-vectoring of Beauveria bassiana and Clonostachys rosea by bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) for control of insect pests and suppression of grey mould in greenhouse tomato and sweet pepper. Biological Control, 46(3), 508-514. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.05.008
17. Kaya, H. K., & Lacey, L. A. (2007). Field manual of techniques in invertebrate pathology. (2nd ed.). Application and evaluation of pathogens for control of insects and other invertebrate pests. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands. 868 pp.
18. Klinger, E. G., Camp, A. A., Strange, J. P., Cox-Foster, D., & Lehmann, D. M. (2019). Bombus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) microcolonies as a tool for biological understanding and pesticide risk assessment. Environmental Entomology, 48(6), 1249-1259. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/ee/nvz117
19. Kumar, J., Ramlal, A., Mallick, D., & Mishra, V. (2021). An overview of some biopesticides and their importance in plant protection for commercial acceptance. Plants, 10(6), 1185. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/plants10061185
20. Lamsa, J., Kuusela, E., Tuomi, J., Juntunen, S., & Watts, P. C. (2018). Low dose of neonicotinoid insecticide reduces foraging motivation of bumblebees. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 285(1883), 20180506. https://doi.org/ 10.1098/rspb.2018.0506
21. Maina, U. M., Galadima, I. B., Gambo, F. M., & Zakaria, D., (2018). A review on the use of entomopathogenic fungi in the management of insect pests of field crops. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 6(1), 27-32.
22. Michener, C. D. (1974) The Social Behavior of the Bees: A Comparative Study. Harvard University Press (Belknap Press), Cambridge pp. 404.
23. Mommaerts, V., & Smagghe, G. (2011). Entomovectoring in plant protection. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 5(2), 81-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-011-9123-x
24. Phelps, J. D., Strang, C. G., Gbylik-Sikorska, M., Sniegocki, T., Posyniak, A., & Sherry, D.F. (2018). Imidacloprid slows the development of preference for rewarding food sources in bumblebees (Bombus impatiens). Ecotoxicology, 27(2), 175-187. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10646-017-1883-3.
25. Potts, S. G., Biesmeijer, J. C., Kremen, C., Neumann, P., Schweiger, O., & Kunin, W. E. (2010). Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 25(6), 345-353. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.tree.2010.01.007
26. Shah, P., & Pell, J. K. (2003). Entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 61(5-6), 413-423. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00253-003-1240-8
27. Shahid, A. A., Rao, A. Q., Bakhsh, A., & Husnain, T. (2012). Entomopathogenic fungi as biological controllers: new insight into their virulence and pathogenicity. Archives of Biological Sciences, 64(1), 21-42. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS1201021S
28. Shipp, L., Kapongo, J. P., Park, H. H., & Kevan, P. (2012). Effect of bee-vectored Beauveria bassiana on greenhouse beneficials under greenhouse cage conditions. Biological Control, 63(2), 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.07.008
29. Sterk, G., Heuts, F., Merck, N., & Bock, J. (2002). Sensitivity of Non-Target Arthropods and Beneficial Fungal Species to Chemical and Biological Plant Products: Results of Laboratory and Semi-Field Trials. 1st International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, January 14-18, Hawaii, 306-313.
30. Velthuis, H. H. W., & Doorn, V. A. A. (2006). A century of advances in bumblebee domestication and the economic and environmental aspects of its commercialization for pollination. Apidologie, 37(4), 421-425. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2006019
31. Villaverde, J. J., Sevilla-Moran, B., Sandin-Espana, P., Lopez-Goti, C., & Alonso-Prados, J. L. (2014). Biopesticides in the framework of the European Pesticide Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009. Pest Management Science, 70(1), 2-5. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3663
32. Wahengbam, J., Raut, A. M., Pal, S., & Banu, A. N. (2019). Role of bumble bee in pollination. Annals of Biology, 35(2), 290-295.
33. Yanık, G., Uzun, A., Demirözer, O., & Gösterit, A. (2020). Bombus terrestris arısında deltamethrinin olası olumsuz etkilerinin laboratuvar koşullarında belirlenmesi, Journal of Animal Science and Products, 3(2),155-164.