Effects of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Food Preferences of Bombus terrestris

Öz

Entomopathogenic fungi is one of the biological methods as an alternative to pesticides, which is becoming widespread in greenhouse cultivation. Therefore, it is critical to understand how bumblebees will react to entomopathogenic fungi varieties. In this study, it was determined whether various entomopathogenic fungi (1.5 % Beauveria bassiana strain Bb-1, 1.5 % Lecanicillium lecani strain V1-1, and 1.5 % Paecilomyces fumosoreus strain PFs-1) has effect on food consumption preferences of Bombus terrestris worker. Sugar syrup and pollen consumption amounts, as well as the number of dead workers, were determined for 20 micro colonies with 20 B. terrestris worker on 3rd, 7th, 10th, 14th,17th and 21st control days. Base on the sugar syrup consumption values, it was determined that they consumed the standard one at a similar rate with those containing fungi. In pollen application, it was determined that the consumption of pollen containing L. lecani showed a statistically significant difference only on the 14th control day. In both preference groups, the highest mortality rates were assessed as 13.00 % and 15.50 % on the 3rd control day. In the following control days, mortality rates gradually decreased. The results obtained from the study reveal that entomopathogenic fungi has no significant harmful effect on bumblebees.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biopesticide
• bumblebee
• entomopathogenic fungi
• consumption preference

Entomopatojen Fungusların Bombus terrestris Arılarının Besin Tercihi Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Örtü altı yetiştiricilikte zararlılarla mücadelede pestisitlere alternatif olarak biyolojik yöntemlerden biri olan entomopatojen fungus kullanımı yaygınlaşmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bombus arılarının entomopatojen fungus çeşitlerine maruz kalması durumunda arılar üzerinde nasıl etkiler oluşturacağının bilinmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada farklı entomopatojen fungusların (% 1.5 Beauveria bassiana strain Bb-1, % 1.5 Lecanicillium lecani strain V1-1 ve % 1.5 Paecilomyces fumosoreus strain PFs-1) Bombus terrestris işçi arılarının besin tüketim tercihinde etkili olup olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, içerisinde 20 adet B. terrestris işçi arısı bulunan toplam 20 mikro kolonide 3, 7, 10, 14, 17 ve 21. kontrol günlerinde entomopatojen fungus uygulanmış olan ve uygulama yapılmamış olan şeker şurubu ve polen tüketim miktarları ile ölen işçi arı sayısı değerleri belirlenmiştir. Kolonilerin şeker şurubu tüketim değerleri göz önüne alındığında, fungus içeren şeker şuruplarının standart şeker şurupları ile aynı oranda tüketildiği belirlenmiştir. Polen uygulamasında ise sadece 14. kontrol gününde L. lecani içeren polen tüketiminin istatistiki olarak kontrol grubuna göre farklılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Her iki tercih denemesinde de en yüksek ölüm oranları 3. kontrol gününde % 13.00 ve % 15.50 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonraki kontrol günlerinde ise ölüm oranları giderek azalmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar entomopatojen fungusların bombus arıları üzerine önemli düzeyde zararlı etkisinin olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• biyopestisit
• bombus arısı
• entomopatojen fungus
• tüketim tercihi

Kaynakça

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