Demokrasiyi mümkün kılmak: Mısır ve Tunus’un dönüşümleri

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 167 - 206, 06.01.2023

Osman Şahin

https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.969305

Abstract

Bu makale, seçim sistem tercihi ve rekabetçi muhalefet partilerinin etkilerini merkezine alarak 2011 ve 2015 arasında Mısır ve Tunus siyasal dönüşümlerini çalışmaktadır. Makalenin iddiasına göre Tu- nus’ta demokratik dönüşümün arkasındaki önemli nedenlerden ikisi, seçim sistemi tercihi ve rekabetçi muhalefet partilerin varlığıyken Mısır’da seçim sistemi tercihi ve rekabetçi muhalefet partilerinin ol- maması bu ülkedeki dönüşümün yeni bir otoriter rejime doğru evrilmesiyle sonuçlanmıştır. Akabinde bu makale, rejim dönüşüm- leri esnasında belirli bir ölçüde ve kurumsallaştırılmış belirsizliğin demokratik rejimin yerleşmesinde yardımcı olduğunu iddiasındadır. Bu bağlamda, doğru seçim sistemi tercihi ve rekabetçi muhalefet partilerinin varlığı bir taraftan bu kısıtlı belirsizliği yaratırken diğer taraftan da siyasi aktörlerin müzakere etmesini ve kritik anlarda iş birliği yapmalarını teşvik ederek demokrasinin dönüşüm sürecinde ayakta kalmasını sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

demokratikleşme, Mısır, Tunus, seçim sistemi, siyasi partiler

What makes democracy possible? Transitions in Egypt and Tunisia after the Arab Uprisings

Abstract

This article studies Egyptian and Tunisian transitions by investigating the effect of two factors, namely electoral system choice and the presence of competitive opposition parties. It suggests that, between 2011 and 2015, the electoral system choice and the presence of competitive political parties contributed to the transition to democracy in Tunisia while the same two factors were causes of the failed transition in Egypt. It concludes by arguing that during transitional phases, electoral system choice and presence of competitive political parties help the institutionalization of normal, limited political uncertainty in a polity. Accordingly, these two factors compel cooperation and negotiation between different political actors, which in turn help democracy survive transitions.

Keywords

democratization, Egypt, Tunisia, electoral system, political parties

Supporting Institution

None

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