Seeing Google through the Eyes of Turkish Academicians
Year 2017,
Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 105 - 119, 01.07.2017
Turgay Alakurt
,
Salih Bardakcı
Abstract
With its new variety of IT products and services created in the last decade for students, teachers and schools, Google has changed the face of education. Google technologies that can be used completely free of charge via a single account in any device offer innovative alternatives to meet the needs of education. These technologies also help continuously improve digital competencies of students and teachers. On the other hand, criticisms against the monopolization of the company as well as its privacy and transparency policies have been increasing. In the light of these developments, the current study aims to examine academicians’ metaphorical perceptions related to Google. The study was designed based on metaphorical analysis as a method of qualitative research. The study group was comprised of academicians working at education faculties of four state universities located in the middle west of Turkey. The data were collected through a closed web-based questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions. Results revealed that large majority of the academicians have a positive perception of Google. A group of participants also views it as a threat. Results offer important insights about the academicians' perceptions of Google and how and why they make use of Google products.
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setting. Theory Into Practice, 29(2), 94-101. doi: 10.1080/00405849009543438
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well as cognitive challenges. Higher Education, 49(3), 389-412.
doi:10.1007/s10734-004-6782-x
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171-180. doi: 10.1093/elt/cci104
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teach online. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 13, 168-
179. doi:10.1016/j.jhlste.2013.09.005
Moser, K. S. (2000). Metaphor analysis in psychology – Method, theory, and fields of
application. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 1(2), Article 21. Retrieved
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Paliktzoglou, V., Stylianou, T., & Suhonen, J. (2015). Google educational apps as a
collaborative learning tool among Computer Science learners In P. Ordóñez de
Pablos, R. D. Tennyson and M. D. Lytras (eds.), Assessing the Role of Mobile
Technologies and Distance Learning in Higher Education. Hershey, PA:
Information Science.
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May 20, 2015, from http://techtalk.pcpitstop.com/2012/06/12/it-pays-to-readlicense-agreements-7-years-later/
Pfanner, E., & O'Brien, J. K. (2012, Oct. 16). Europe presses Google to change privacy
policy. The New York Times.
Pitcher, R. (2013). The metaphors that research students live by. The Qualitative Report,
18(36), 1-8.
Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations (4th ed.). Free Press, New York.
Saban, A. (2010). Computer teacher candidates' metaphors about the internet. Education,
131(1), 93-105.
Schmitt, R. (2005). Systematic metaphor analysis as a method of qualitative research.
The Qualitative Report, 10(2), 358-394.
Temperton, J. (2015, January 30). Google changes UK privacy policy, but avoids hefty
fine. Retrieved April 22, 2015, from http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/ 2015-
01/30/google-ico-privacy-policy
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April10, 2015, from http://globalcentral.net/assets/cb757434/1394020642_
The_Webcertain_Global_Search_and_Social_Report_Q1_2014.pdf
Year 2017,
Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 105 - 119, 01.07.2017
Turgay Alakurt
,
Salih Bardakcı
References
- Armenteros, M., Liaw, S.-S., Fernandez, M., Diaz, R. F., & Sanchez, R. A. (2013). Surveying
FIFA instructors' behavioral intention toward the Multimedia Teaching Materials.
Computers & Education, 61, 91-104. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.
2012.09.010
117
117
Bailey, J. J. (2000). Students as clients in a professional/client relationship. Journal of
Management Education, 24(3), 353-365. doi: 10.1177/105256290002400306
BBC (2015, April 15). EU set to announce Google action. Retrieved June 10, 2015, from
http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-32307096
Cameron, L., & Maslen, R. (2010). Metaphor analysis: research practice in applied
linguistics, social sciences and the humanities. London: Equinox.
Capar, G., & K. Tarim (2015). Efficacy of the cooperative learning method on mathematics
achievement and attitude: A meta-analysis research. Educational Sciences:
Theory & Practice 15(2): 553-559. doi:10.12738/estp.2015.2.2098
Cardozo, N., Opsahl, K., & Reitman, R. (2015). Who has your back? Online service
providers’ privacy and transparency practices regarding government access to
user data. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved July 12, 2015, from
https://www.eff.org/files/2015/06/18/who_has_your_back_2015_protecting_
your_data_from_government_requests_20150618.pdf.
Cigdem, H., & Topcu, A. (2015). Predictors of instructors’ behavioral intention to use
learning management system: A Turkish vocational college example. Computers
in Human Behavior, 52, 22-28. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.049
Collins, E. C., & Green, J. L. (1990). Metaphors: The construction of a perspective. Theory
into practice, 29(2), 71-77. doi:10.1080/00405849009543435
Cross, J. (2003). Informal learning - the other 80%. Retrieved October 10, 2014, from
http://www.internettime.com/Learning/The%20Other%2080%25.htm.
Coklar, A.N., & Bagci, H. (2010). What are the roles of prospective teachers on the
educational technology use: A metaphor study. World Journal on Educational
Technology, 2(3), 186-195
Coklar, A.N., Vural, L., & Yuksel, I. (2010). Computer metaphors developed by the last
year students of department of computer education and instructional technology,
and department of computer engineering. Journal of Theoretical Educational
Science, 3(1), 1-28
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of
information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340.
Dillenbourg P. (1999) What do you mean by collaborative learning?. In P. Dillenbourg
(Ed) Collaborative-learning: Cognitive and Computational Approaches. (pp.1-19).
Oxford: Elsevier
Eraut, M. (2004). Informal learning in the workplace. Studies in Continuing Education,
26(2), 247-273. doi: 10.1080/158037042000225245
Eren, F., Celik, I., & Akturk, A. O. (2014). Secondary school students’ perceptions of
Facebook: A metaphor analysis. Kastamonu Education Journal, 22(2), 635-648.
Gibson, S. G., Harris, M. L., & Colaric, S. M. (2008). Technology acceptance in an academic
context: faculty acceptance of online education. Journal of Education for
Business, 83(6), 355-359. doi: 10.3200/JOEB.83.6.355-359
Gok, B.,& Erdogan, T. (2010). Investigation of pre-service teachers’ perceptions about
concept of technology through metaphor analysis. TOJET: The Turkish Online
Journal of Educational Technology, 9(2), 145-160
118
118
Greenhow, C., & Robelia, B. (2009). Informal learning and identity formation in online
social networks. Learning, Media and Technology, 34(2), 119-140. doi:
10.1080/17439880902923580
Hershock, C., & LaVaque-Manty, M. (2012). Teaching in the cloud: Leveraging online
collaboration tools to enhance student engagement. CRLT Occasional Papers,
(31).
Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Smith, K. A. (1998). Cooperative learning returns to
college what evidence is there that it works? Change: The Magazine of Higher
Learning, 30(4), 26-35. doi: 10.1080/00091389809602629
Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Holubec, E. J. (2008). Cooperation in the classroom
revised edition (Eighth). Edina, EUA: Interaction Book Co.
Karadeniz, S. (2012). School administrators, ICT coordinators and teachers’ metaphorical
conceptualizations of technology. Education, 2(5), 101-111.
Koc, M. (2013). Student teachers' conceptions of technology: A metaphor analysis.
Computers & Education, 68(0), 1-8. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/
j.compedu.2013.04.024
Koc, M. (2015).Using metaphors to investigate cognition–behavior link in problematic
Internet use among college students. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 7(3), 314-322 1-8.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/appy.12150
Koetsier, J. (2013, April). Google: 10 million Malaysian students, teachers, and parents
will now use Google Apps for Education. Retrieved May 3, 2016, from
http://venturebeat.com/2013/04/10/google-10-million-malaysian-studentsteachers-and-parents-will-now-use-google-apps-for-education/
Kurt, A. A., & Ozer, O. (2013). Metaphorical perceptions of technology: case of Anadolu
University teacher training certificate program. Journal of Theory and Practice in
Education, 9(2), 94-112. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17244/eku.38950
Kyndt, E., Raes, E., Lismont, B., Timmers, F., Cascallar, E., & Dochy, F. (2013). A metaanalysis
of the effects of face-to-face cooperative learning. Do recent studies
falsify or verify earlier findings?. Educational Research Review, 10, 133-149.
doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2013.02.002
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago, IL: The Chicago
University Press.
Livingstone, D. (2002). Mapping the iceberg. NALL Working Paper #54. Retrieved January
01, 2013, from http://nall.oise.utoronto.ca/res/54DavidLivingstone.pdf.
Marshall, H. H. (1990). Beyond the workplace metaphor: The classroom as a learning
setting. Theory Into Practice, 29(2), 94-101. doi: 10.1080/00405849009543438
Martin, E., & Lueckenhausen, G. (2005). How university changes teachers: Affective as
well as cognitive challenges. Higher Education, 49(3), 389-412.
doi:10.1007/s10734-004-6782-x
McGrath, I. (2006). Teachers' and learners' images for coursebooks. ELT journal, 60(2),
171-180. doi: 10.1093/elt/cci104
119
119
Mejia, C., & Phelan, K. V. (2013). Normative factors influencing hospitality instructors to
teach online. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 13, 168-
179. doi:10.1016/j.jhlste.2013.09.005
Moser, K. S. (2000). Metaphor analysis in psychology – Method, theory, and fields of
application. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 1(2), Article 21. Retrieved
December 15, 2015, from http://www.qualitativeresearch.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1090/2388
Paliktzoglou, V., Stylianou, T., & Suhonen, J. (2015). Google educational apps as a
collaborative learning tool among Computer Science learners In P. Ordóñez de
Pablos, R. D. Tennyson and M. D. Lytras (eds.), Assessing the Role of Mobile
Technologies and Distance Learning in Higher Education. Hershey, PA:
Information Science.
PC Pitstop (2012, June 12). It pays to read license agreements (7 years later). Retrieved
May 20, 2015, from http://techtalk.pcpitstop.com/2012/06/12/it-pays-to-readlicense-agreements-7-years-later/
Pfanner, E., & O'Brien, J. K. (2012, Oct. 16). Europe presses Google to change privacy
policy. The New York Times.
Pitcher, R. (2013). The metaphors that research students live by. The Qualitative Report,
18(36), 1-8.
Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations (4th ed.). Free Press, New York.
Saban, A. (2010). Computer teacher candidates' metaphors about the internet. Education,
131(1), 93-105.
Schmitt, R. (2005). Systematic metaphor analysis as a method of qualitative research.
The Qualitative Report, 10(2), 358-394.
Temperton, J. (2015, January 30). Google changes UK privacy policy, but avoids hefty
fine. Retrieved April 22, 2015, from http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/ 2015-
01/30/google-ico-privacy-policy
Webcertain (2014). The Webcertain Global Search & Social Report - 2014. Retrieved
April10, 2015, from http://globalcentral.net/assets/cb757434/1394020642_
The_Webcertain_Global_Search_and_Social_Report_Q1_2014.pdf