Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Seeing Google through the Eyes of Turkish Academicians

Year 2017, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 105 - 119, 01.07.2017
https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.328940

Abstract

With its new variety of IT products and services created in the last decade for students, teachers and schools, Google has changed the face of education. Google technologies that can be used completely free of charge via a single account in any device offer innovative alternatives to meet the needs of education. These technologies also help continuously improve digital competencies of students and teachers. On the other hand, criticisms against the monopolization of the company as well as its privacy and transparency policies have been increasing. In the light of these developments, the current study aims to examine academicians’ metaphorical perceptions related to Google. The study was designed based on metaphorical analysis as a method of qualitative research. The study group was comprised of academicians working at education faculties of four state universities located in the middle west of Turkey. The data were collected through a closed web-based questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions. Results revealed that large majority of the academicians have a positive perception of Google. A group of participants also views it as a threat. Results offer important insights about the academicians' perceptions of Google and how and why they make use of Google products.

References

  • Armenteros, M., Liaw, S.-S., Fernandez, M., Diaz, R. F., & Sanchez, R. A. (2013). Surveying FIFA instructors' behavioral intention toward the Multimedia Teaching Materials. Computers & Education, 61, 91-104. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu. 2012.09.010 117 117 Bailey, J. J. (2000). Students as clients in a professional/client relationship. Journal of Management Education, 24(3), 353-365. doi: 10.1177/105256290002400306 BBC (2015, April 15). EU set to announce Google action. Retrieved June 10, 2015, from http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-32307096 Cameron, L., & Maslen, R. (2010). Metaphor analysis: research practice in applied linguistics, social sciences and the humanities. London: Equinox. Capar, G., & K. Tarim (2015). Efficacy of the cooperative learning method on mathematics achievement and attitude: A meta-analysis research. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice 15(2): 553-559. doi:10.12738/estp.2015.2.2098 Cardozo, N., Opsahl, K., & Reitman, R. (2015). Who has your back? Online service providers’ privacy and transparency practices regarding government access to user data. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved July 12, 2015, from https://www.eff.org/files/2015/06/18/who_has_your_back_2015_protecting_ your_data_from_government_requests_20150618.pdf. Cigdem, H., & Topcu, A. (2015). Predictors of instructors’ behavioral intention to use learning management system: A Turkish vocational college example. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 22-28. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.049 Collins, E. C., & Green, J. L. (1990). Metaphors: The construction of a perspective. Theory into practice, 29(2), 71-77. doi:10.1080/00405849009543435 Cross, J. (2003). Informal learning - the other 80%. Retrieved October 10, 2014, from http://www.internettime.com/Learning/The%20Other%2080%25.htm. Coklar, A.N., & Bagci, H. (2010). What are the roles of prospective teachers on the educational technology use: A metaphor study. World Journal on Educational Technology, 2(3), 186-195 Coklar, A.N., Vural, L., & Yuksel, I. (2010). Computer metaphors developed by the last year students of department of computer education and instructional technology, and department of computer engineering. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 3(1), 1-28 Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340. Dillenbourg P. (1999) What do you mean by collaborative learning?. In P. Dillenbourg (Ed) Collaborative-learning: Cognitive and Computational Approaches. (pp.1-19). Oxford: Elsevier Eraut, M. (2004). Informal learning in the workplace. Studies in Continuing Education, 26(2), 247-273. doi: 10.1080/158037042000225245 Eren, F., Celik, I., & Akturk, A. O. (2014). Secondary school students’ perceptions of Facebook: A metaphor analysis. Kastamonu Education Journal, 22(2), 635-648. Gibson, S. G., Harris, M. L., & Colaric, S. M. (2008). Technology acceptance in an academic context: faculty acceptance of online education. Journal of Education for Business, 83(6), 355-359. doi: 10.3200/JOEB.83.6.355-359 Gok, B.,& Erdogan, T. (2010). Investigation of pre-service teachers’ perceptions about concept of technology through metaphor analysis. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 9(2), 145-160 118 118 Greenhow, C., & Robelia, B. (2009). Informal learning and identity formation in online social networks. Learning, Media and Technology, 34(2), 119-140. doi: 10.1080/17439880902923580 Hershock, C., & LaVaque-Manty, M. (2012). Teaching in the cloud: Leveraging online collaboration tools to enhance student engagement. CRLT Occasional Papers, (31). Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Smith, K. A. (1998). Cooperative learning returns to college what evidence is there that it works? Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 30(4), 26-35. doi: 10.1080/00091389809602629 Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Holubec, E. J. (2008). Cooperation in the classroom revised edition (Eighth). Edina, EUA: Interaction Book Co. Karadeniz, S. (2012). School administrators, ICT coordinators and teachers’ metaphorical conceptualizations of technology. Education, 2(5), 101-111. Koc, M. (2013). Student teachers' conceptions of technology: A metaphor analysis. Computers & Education, 68(0), 1-8. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.compedu.2013.04.024 Koc, M. (2015).Using metaphors to investigate cognition–behavior link in problematic Internet use among college students. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 7(3), 314-322 1-8. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/appy.12150 Koetsier, J. (2013, April). Google: 10 million Malaysian students, teachers, and parents will now use Google Apps for Education. Retrieved May 3, 2016, from http://venturebeat.com/2013/04/10/google-10-million-malaysian-studentsteachers-and-parents-will-now-use-google-apps-for-education/ Kurt, A. A., & Ozer, O. (2013). Metaphorical perceptions of technology: case of Anadolu University teacher training certificate program. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 9(2), 94-112. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17244/eku.38950 Kyndt, E., Raes, E., Lismont, B., Timmers, F., Cascallar, E., & Dochy, F. (2013). A metaanalysis of the effects of face-to-face cooperative learning. Do recent studies falsify or verify earlier findings?. Educational Research Review, 10, 133-149. doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2013.02.002 Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago, IL: The Chicago University Press. Livingstone, D. (2002). Mapping the iceberg. NALL Working Paper #54. Retrieved January 01, 2013, from http://nall.oise.utoronto.ca/res/54DavidLivingstone.pdf. Marshall, H. H. (1990). Beyond the workplace metaphor: The classroom as a learning setting. Theory Into Practice, 29(2), 94-101. doi: 10.1080/00405849009543438 Martin, E., & Lueckenhausen, G. (2005). How university changes teachers: Affective as well as cognitive challenges. Higher Education, 49(3), 389-412. doi:10.1007/s10734-004-6782-x McGrath, I. (2006). Teachers' and learners' images for coursebooks. ELT journal, 60(2), 171-180. doi: 10.1093/elt/cci104 119 119 Mejia, C., & Phelan, K. V. (2013). Normative factors influencing hospitality instructors to teach online. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 13, 168- 179. doi:10.1016/j.jhlste.2013.09.005 Moser, K. S. (2000). Metaphor analysis in psychology – Method, theory, and fields of application. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 1(2), Article 21. Retrieved December 15, 2015, from http://www.qualitativeresearch.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1090/2388 Paliktzoglou, V., Stylianou, T., & Suhonen, J. (2015). Google educational apps as a collaborative learning tool among Computer Science learners In P. Ordóñez de Pablos, R. D. Tennyson and M. D. Lytras (eds.), Assessing the Role of Mobile Technologies and Distance Learning in Higher Education. Hershey, PA: Information Science. PC Pitstop (2012, June 12). It pays to read license agreements (7 years later). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://techtalk.pcpitstop.com/2012/06/12/it-pays-to-readlicense-agreements-7-years-later/ Pfanner, E., & O'Brien, J. K. (2012, Oct. 16). Europe presses Google to change privacy policy. The New York Times. Pitcher, R. (2013). The metaphors that research students live by. The Qualitative Report, 18(36), 1-8. Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations (4th ed.). Free Press, New York. Saban, A. (2010). Computer teacher candidates' metaphors about the internet. Education, 131(1), 93-105. Schmitt, R. (2005). Systematic metaphor analysis as a method of qualitative research. The Qualitative Report, 10(2), 358-394. Temperton, J. (2015, January 30). Google changes UK privacy policy, but avoids hefty fine. Retrieved April 22, 2015, from http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/ 2015- 01/30/google-ico-privacy-policy Webcertain (2014). The Webcertain Global Search & Social Report - 2014. Retrieved April10, 2015, from http://globalcentral.net/assets/cb757434/1394020642_ The_Webcertain_Global_Search_and_Social_Report_Q1_2014.pdf
Year 2017, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 105 - 119, 01.07.2017
https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.328940

Abstract

References

  • Armenteros, M., Liaw, S.-S., Fernandez, M., Diaz, R. F., & Sanchez, R. A. (2013). Surveying FIFA instructors' behavioral intention toward the Multimedia Teaching Materials. Computers & Education, 61, 91-104. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu. 2012.09.010 117 117 Bailey, J. J. (2000). Students as clients in a professional/client relationship. Journal of Management Education, 24(3), 353-365. doi: 10.1177/105256290002400306 BBC (2015, April 15). EU set to announce Google action. Retrieved June 10, 2015, from http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-32307096 Cameron, L., & Maslen, R. (2010). Metaphor analysis: research practice in applied linguistics, social sciences and the humanities. London: Equinox. Capar, G., & K. Tarim (2015). Efficacy of the cooperative learning method on mathematics achievement and attitude: A meta-analysis research. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice 15(2): 553-559. doi:10.12738/estp.2015.2.2098 Cardozo, N., Opsahl, K., & Reitman, R. (2015). Who has your back? Online service providers’ privacy and transparency practices regarding government access to user data. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved July 12, 2015, from https://www.eff.org/files/2015/06/18/who_has_your_back_2015_protecting_ your_data_from_government_requests_20150618.pdf. Cigdem, H., & Topcu, A. (2015). Predictors of instructors’ behavioral intention to use learning management system: A Turkish vocational college example. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 22-28. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.049 Collins, E. C., & Green, J. L. (1990). Metaphors: The construction of a perspective. Theory into practice, 29(2), 71-77. doi:10.1080/00405849009543435 Cross, J. (2003). Informal learning - the other 80%. Retrieved October 10, 2014, from http://www.internettime.com/Learning/The%20Other%2080%25.htm. Coklar, A.N., & Bagci, H. (2010). What are the roles of prospective teachers on the educational technology use: A metaphor study. World Journal on Educational Technology, 2(3), 186-195 Coklar, A.N., Vural, L., & Yuksel, I. (2010). Computer metaphors developed by the last year students of department of computer education and instructional technology, and department of computer engineering. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 3(1), 1-28 Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340. Dillenbourg P. (1999) What do you mean by collaborative learning?. In P. Dillenbourg (Ed) Collaborative-learning: Cognitive and Computational Approaches. (pp.1-19). Oxford: Elsevier Eraut, M. (2004). Informal learning in the workplace. Studies in Continuing Education, 26(2), 247-273. doi: 10.1080/158037042000225245 Eren, F., Celik, I., & Akturk, A. O. (2014). Secondary school students’ perceptions of Facebook: A metaphor analysis. Kastamonu Education Journal, 22(2), 635-648. Gibson, S. G., Harris, M. L., & Colaric, S. M. (2008). Technology acceptance in an academic context: faculty acceptance of online education. Journal of Education for Business, 83(6), 355-359. doi: 10.3200/JOEB.83.6.355-359 Gok, B.,& Erdogan, T. (2010). Investigation of pre-service teachers’ perceptions about concept of technology through metaphor analysis. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 9(2), 145-160 118 118 Greenhow, C., & Robelia, B. (2009). Informal learning and identity formation in online social networks. Learning, Media and Technology, 34(2), 119-140. doi: 10.1080/17439880902923580 Hershock, C., & LaVaque-Manty, M. (2012). Teaching in the cloud: Leveraging online collaboration tools to enhance student engagement. CRLT Occasional Papers, (31). Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Smith, K. A. (1998). Cooperative learning returns to college what evidence is there that it works? Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 30(4), 26-35. doi: 10.1080/00091389809602629 Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Holubec, E. J. (2008). Cooperation in the classroom revised edition (Eighth). Edina, EUA: Interaction Book Co. Karadeniz, S. (2012). School administrators, ICT coordinators and teachers’ metaphorical conceptualizations of technology. Education, 2(5), 101-111. Koc, M. (2013). Student teachers' conceptions of technology: A metaphor analysis. Computers & Education, 68(0), 1-8. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.compedu.2013.04.024 Koc, M. (2015).Using metaphors to investigate cognition–behavior link in problematic Internet use among college students. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 7(3), 314-322 1-8. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/appy.12150 Koetsier, J. (2013, April). Google: 10 million Malaysian students, teachers, and parents will now use Google Apps for Education. Retrieved May 3, 2016, from http://venturebeat.com/2013/04/10/google-10-million-malaysian-studentsteachers-and-parents-will-now-use-google-apps-for-education/ Kurt, A. A., & Ozer, O. (2013). Metaphorical perceptions of technology: case of Anadolu University teacher training certificate program. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 9(2), 94-112. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17244/eku.38950 Kyndt, E., Raes, E., Lismont, B., Timmers, F., Cascallar, E., & Dochy, F. (2013). A metaanalysis of the effects of face-to-face cooperative learning. Do recent studies falsify or verify earlier findings?. Educational Research Review, 10, 133-149. doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2013.02.002 Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago, IL: The Chicago University Press. Livingstone, D. (2002). Mapping the iceberg. NALL Working Paper #54. Retrieved January 01, 2013, from http://nall.oise.utoronto.ca/res/54DavidLivingstone.pdf. Marshall, H. H. (1990). Beyond the workplace metaphor: The classroom as a learning setting. Theory Into Practice, 29(2), 94-101. doi: 10.1080/00405849009543438 Martin, E., & Lueckenhausen, G. (2005). How university changes teachers: Affective as well as cognitive challenges. Higher Education, 49(3), 389-412. doi:10.1007/s10734-004-6782-x McGrath, I. (2006). Teachers' and learners' images for coursebooks. ELT journal, 60(2), 171-180. doi: 10.1093/elt/cci104 119 119 Mejia, C., & Phelan, K. V. (2013). Normative factors influencing hospitality instructors to teach online. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 13, 168- 179. doi:10.1016/j.jhlste.2013.09.005 Moser, K. S. (2000). Metaphor analysis in psychology – Method, theory, and fields of application. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 1(2), Article 21. Retrieved December 15, 2015, from http://www.qualitativeresearch.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1090/2388 Paliktzoglou, V., Stylianou, T., & Suhonen, J. (2015). Google educational apps as a collaborative learning tool among Computer Science learners In P. Ordóñez de Pablos, R. D. Tennyson and M. D. Lytras (eds.), Assessing the Role of Mobile Technologies and Distance Learning in Higher Education. Hershey, PA: Information Science. PC Pitstop (2012, June 12). It pays to read license agreements (7 years later). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://techtalk.pcpitstop.com/2012/06/12/it-pays-to-readlicense-agreements-7-years-later/ Pfanner, E., & O'Brien, J. K. (2012, Oct. 16). Europe presses Google to change privacy policy. The New York Times. Pitcher, R. (2013). The metaphors that research students live by. The Qualitative Report, 18(36), 1-8. Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations (4th ed.). Free Press, New York. Saban, A. (2010). Computer teacher candidates' metaphors about the internet. Education, 131(1), 93-105. Schmitt, R. (2005). Systematic metaphor analysis as a method of qualitative research. The Qualitative Report, 10(2), 358-394. Temperton, J. (2015, January 30). Google changes UK privacy policy, but avoids hefty fine. Retrieved April 22, 2015, from http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/ 2015- 01/30/google-ico-privacy-policy Webcertain (2014). The Webcertain Global Search & Social Report - 2014. Retrieved April10, 2015, from http://globalcentral.net/assets/cb757434/1394020642_ The_Webcertain_Global_Search_and_Social_Report_Q1_2014.pdf
There are 1 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Turgay Alakurt

Salih Bardakcı

Publication Date July 1, 2017
Submission Date July 17, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Alakurt, T., & Bardakcı, S. (2017). Seeing Google through the Eyes of Turkish Academicians. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 18(3), 105-119. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.328940