Research Article
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Modelling the Determinants of Effective Online Tutoring Programs

Year 2018, Volume: 19 Issue: 3, 128 - 139, 18.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.445114

Abstract

Determinants of effective online tutoring program were modelled and elucidated in this report. It was aimed at clarifying influential factors, how and in what behaviors they were interrelated observed by Universitas Terbuka students. Exploratory-design was adopted; it was qualitatively ascertained first that conceptually five foremost factors involved. They were operationally instigated as: perception of technology, rational for using Internet, perception of media support; tutor learning strategy; effective online tutoring support. Quantitatively, they were independent, moderating and dependent variables respectively. Instruments in the form of list of queries and questionnaires for qualitative and quantitative purposes respectively were elaborated related to those five variables involved. Respondents were proportionally selected by distributing 600 questionnaires to 5,500 students under scholarship scheme, 283 were finally completed. Seven out of nine hypotheses established were validated using structural-equation model (SEM). It was detected that effective online tutorial was influenced by tutor learning strategy followed by rational for using Internet and perception of technology. Tutor strategy was influenced by rational using Internet and perception of technology. Perceptions of technology and media support were influenced by rational using Internet. Inattentively, qualitative approach was improperly verified by quantitative, since effective tutoring and tutor strategy were not influenced by media perception.

References

  • Bean, J. P. (1985). Interaction effects based on class level in an exploratory model of college student dropout syndrome. American Educational Research Journal, 22(1), 35-64. Benham, C. (2002). Training effectiveness, on-line delivery, and the influence of learning style. Proceedings of the 2002 ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Personnel Research Conference, 41-46. Kristiansand, Norway. Bliwise, N. (2005). Web-based tutorials for teaching introductory statistics. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 33(3), 309-325. Bolliger, D., & Supanakorn, S. (2011). Learning styles and student perceptions of the use of interactive online tutorials. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(3), 470-481. Cheng, J., & Swanson, Z. (2011). An examination of the effects of web-based tutorials on accounting student learning outcomes. Review of Higher Education and SelfLearning, 4(10), 14-28. Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling techniques. 3rd Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Creswell, J. W. & Clark, V. L. P. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed-methods Research. 2nd Ed. Los Angles: Sage Publication. Devine, J., & Lokuge, W. (2012). Engaging distance students through online tutorials. Proceedings of 2012 AAEE Conference, Melbourne, Australia. Dawson, S. (1998). Effective tutorial teaching. Melbourne: RMIT Publishing. Elicker, J., O’Malle, A., & Williams, C. (2008). Does an interactive Web-CT site help students learn? Teaching of Psychology, 35, 126-131. Fowler, F. J. Jr. (2014). Survey research methods. 5th Ed. Los Angeles: Sage Publication. Guy, R. S., & Lownes-Jackson, M. (2012). Assessing effectiveness of web-based tutorials using pre-test and post-test measurements. Interdisciplinary Journal E-Learning & Learning Objects, 8, 15-38. Hair, Jr., J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis with readings. 7th Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Jain, A. (2006). Students’ perceptions of workshop based introductory macro-economic tutorials: A survey. Economic Papers, 25(3), 235-251. Keefe, J. (1979). Learning style: An overview. In J. W. Keefe (Ed.), Learner learning styles: Diagnosing and prescribing programs. Reston: NASSP. Kobayashi, M. (2017). Students’ media pre 138 Koch, C., & Gobell, J. (1999). A hypertext based tutorial with links to the Web for teaching statistics and research methods. Behavior Research methods, Instruments & Computers, 31, 7-13. Lee, J., & Martin, L. (2017). Investigating Students’ Perceptions of Motivating Factors of Online Class Discussions. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(5). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v18i5.2883 (Accessed 8 September 2017). Lee, W., Courtney, R., & Balassi, S. (2010). Do online homework tools improve student results in principles of microeconomics courses? The American Economic Review, 100(2), 286-287. Lenz, L. (2010). The effect of a web-based homework system on student outcomes in the 1 st year mathematics course. Journal of Computers in Mathematics & Science Teaching, 293, 233-246. MacKinnon, G., & Williams, P. (2006). Models for integrating technology in higher education: The physics of sound. Journal of College Science Teaching, 35(7), 22- 25. Mbatha, B. (2015). A paradigm shift: adoption of disruptive learning innovations in an ODL environment – the case of the University of South Africa. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 16(3), 218-232. Mitchell, M., & Jolley, J. (1999). The correlation: A self-guided tutorial. Teaching of Psychology, 26, 298-299. Osborn, D. (2010). Do print, Web-based or blackboard integrated tutorial strategies differentially influence student learning in an introductory psychology class? Journal of Instructional Psychology, 37(3), 247-251. Price, L., Richardson, J. T. E., & Jelfs, A. (2007). Face-to-face versus online tutoring support in distance education. Studies in Higher Education, 31(1), 1-20. Retna, K., Chong, E., & Cavana, R. (2009). Tutors and tutorials: Students’ perceptions in a New Zealand university. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 31(3), 251-260. Rosell-Aguilar, F. (2007). Changing tutors roles in online tutorial support for ODL through audio-graphic SCMC. The JALT CALL Journal, 3(1-2), 81-94. Rustam, Haliman, H., Susanty, E., & Sembiring, M. G. (2015). Exposing the gist of effectual an online tutorial support. Paper presented at the 29th Annual Conference of the Asian Association of Open Universities (AAOU), hosted by Open University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 30 November-2 December 2015. Sembiring, M. G. (2014). Modeling determinants of student retention in distance education institutions. International Journal of Continuing Education & Lifelong Learning, 6(2), 15-18. Sembiring, M. G. (2015). Student satisfaction and persistence: Imperative features for retention in ODL. Asian Association of Open University (AAOU) Journal, 10(1), June 2015, 1-11. Shin, W. S., & Kang, M. (2015). The use of a mobile learning management system at an online university and its effect on learning satisfaction and achievement. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 16(3), June 2015, 110-130. Sugiyono. (2012). Metode penelitian kombinasi. Bandung: Penerbit Alfa Beta. Susilo, A. (2014). Emerging technologies acceptance in online tutorials: tutors’ and students’ behavior intentions in higher education. Open Praxis, 6(3), Jul-Sep 2014, 257-274. 139 Sweeney, J., & Ingram, D. (2001). A comparison of traditional and web-based tutorials in marketing education. Journal of Marketing Education, 23(1), 55-62. Tallmadge, W., & Chitester, B. (2010). Integrating concepts using online tutorials in a freshman chemistry course: Transformative Dialogues. Teaching and Learning Journal, 4(2), 1-7. Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving college: rethinking causes and cures of student attrition. 2nd Ed. Chicago: University of Chicago. Tjiptono, F., & Chandra, G. (2011). Service, quality & satisfaction. Yogyakarta: Andi. Universitas Terbuka. (2015). Strategic and operational planning of Universitas Terbuka 2014–2021. Tangerang Selatan: Universitas Terbuka. Universitas Terbuka. (2017). Rector’s office yearly report. Tangerang Selatan: Universitas Terbuka. Varnhagen, C., & Digdon, N. (2002). Helping students read reports of empirical research. Teaching of Psychology, 29, 160-164. Wijayanto, S.H. (2008). Structural equation modeling — Lisrel 8.80. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Graha Ilmu. Wilson, S., & Harris, A. (2002). Evaluation of the Psychology Place: A web-based instructional tool for psychology courses. Teaching of Psychology, 29, 165-168. Zhang, W. Y., Perris, K., & Yeung, L. (2005). Online tutorial support in open and distance learning: students’ perceptions. British Journal of Educational Technology, 36(5), 789-804.
Year 2018, Volume: 19 Issue: 3, 128 - 139, 18.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.445114

Abstract

References

  • Bean, J. P. (1985). Interaction effects based on class level in an exploratory model of college student dropout syndrome. American Educational Research Journal, 22(1), 35-64. Benham, C. (2002). Training effectiveness, on-line delivery, and the influence of learning style. Proceedings of the 2002 ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Personnel Research Conference, 41-46. Kristiansand, Norway. Bliwise, N. (2005). Web-based tutorials for teaching introductory statistics. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 33(3), 309-325. Bolliger, D., & Supanakorn, S. (2011). Learning styles and student perceptions of the use of interactive online tutorials. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(3), 470-481. Cheng, J., & Swanson, Z. (2011). An examination of the effects of web-based tutorials on accounting student learning outcomes. Review of Higher Education and SelfLearning, 4(10), 14-28. Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling techniques. 3rd Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Creswell, J. W. & Clark, V. L. P. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed-methods Research. 2nd Ed. Los Angles: Sage Publication. Devine, J., & Lokuge, W. (2012). Engaging distance students through online tutorials. Proceedings of 2012 AAEE Conference, Melbourne, Australia. Dawson, S. (1998). Effective tutorial teaching. Melbourne: RMIT Publishing. Elicker, J., O’Malle, A., & Williams, C. (2008). Does an interactive Web-CT site help students learn? Teaching of Psychology, 35, 126-131. Fowler, F. J. Jr. (2014). Survey research methods. 5th Ed. Los Angeles: Sage Publication. Guy, R. S., & Lownes-Jackson, M. (2012). Assessing effectiveness of web-based tutorials using pre-test and post-test measurements. Interdisciplinary Journal E-Learning & Learning Objects, 8, 15-38. Hair, Jr., J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis with readings. 7th Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Jain, A. (2006). Students’ perceptions of workshop based introductory macro-economic tutorials: A survey. Economic Papers, 25(3), 235-251. Keefe, J. (1979). Learning style: An overview. In J. W. Keefe (Ed.), Learner learning styles: Diagnosing and prescribing programs. Reston: NASSP. Kobayashi, M. (2017). Students’ media pre 138 Koch, C., & Gobell, J. (1999). A hypertext based tutorial with links to the Web for teaching statistics and research methods. Behavior Research methods, Instruments & Computers, 31, 7-13. Lee, J., & Martin, L. (2017). Investigating Students’ Perceptions of Motivating Factors of Online Class Discussions. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(5). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v18i5.2883 (Accessed 8 September 2017). Lee, W., Courtney, R., & Balassi, S. (2010). Do online homework tools improve student results in principles of microeconomics courses? The American Economic Review, 100(2), 286-287. Lenz, L. (2010). The effect of a web-based homework system on student outcomes in the 1 st year mathematics course. Journal of Computers in Mathematics & Science Teaching, 293, 233-246. MacKinnon, G., & Williams, P. (2006). Models for integrating technology in higher education: The physics of sound. Journal of College Science Teaching, 35(7), 22- 25. Mbatha, B. (2015). A paradigm shift: adoption of disruptive learning innovations in an ODL environment – the case of the University of South Africa. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 16(3), 218-232. Mitchell, M., & Jolley, J. (1999). The correlation: A self-guided tutorial. Teaching of Psychology, 26, 298-299. Osborn, D. (2010). Do print, Web-based or blackboard integrated tutorial strategies differentially influence student learning in an introductory psychology class? Journal of Instructional Psychology, 37(3), 247-251. Price, L., Richardson, J. T. E., & Jelfs, A. (2007). Face-to-face versus online tutoring support in distance education. Studies in Higher Education, 31(1), 1-20. Retna, K., Chong, E., & Cavana, R. (2009). Tutors and tutorials: Students’ perceptions in a New Zealand university. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 31(3), 251-260. Rosell-Aguilar, F. (2007). Changing tutors roles in online tutorial support for ODL through audio-graphic SCMC. The JALT CALL Journal, 3(1-2), 81-94. Rustam, Haliman, H., Susanty, E., & Sembiring, M. G. (2015). Exposing the gist of effectual an online tutorial support. Paper presented at the 29th Annual Conference of the Asian Association of Open Universities (AAOU), hosted by Open University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 30 November-2 December 2015. Sembiring, M. G. (2014). Modeling determinants of student retention in distance education institutions. International Journal of Continuing Education & Lifelong Learning, 6(2), 15-18. Sembiring, M. G. (2015). Student satisfaction and persistence: Imperative features for retention in ODL. Asian Association of Open University (AAOU) Journal, 10(1), June 2015, 1-11. Shin, W. S., & Kang, M. (2015). The use of a mobile learning management system at an online university and its effect on learning satisfaction and achievement. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 16(3), June 2015, 110-130. Sugiyono. (2012). Metode penelitian kombinasi. Bandung: Penerbit Alfa Beta. Susilo, A. (2014). Emerging technologies acceptance in online tutorials: tutors’ and students’ behavior intentions in higher education. Open Praxis, 6(3), Jul-Sep 2014, 257-274. 139 Sweeney, J., & Ingram, D. (2001). A comparison of traditional and web-based tutorials in marketing education. Journal of Marketing Education, 23(1), 55-62. Tallmadge, W., & Chitester, B. (2010). Integrating concepts using online tutorials in a freshman chemistry course: Transformative Dialogues. Teaching and Learning Journal, 4(2), 1-7. Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving college: rethinking causes and cures of student attrition. 2nd Ed. Chicago: University of Chicago. Tjiptono, F., & Chandra, G. (2011). Service, quality & satisfaction. Yogyakarta: Andi. Universitas Terbuka. (2015). Strategic and operational planning of Universitas Terbuka 2014–2021. Tangerang Selatan: Universitas Terbuka. Universitas Terbuka. (2017). Rector’s office yearly report. Tangerang Selatan: Universitas Terbuka. Varnhagen, C., & Digdon, N. (2002). Helping students read reports of empirical research. Teaching of Psychology, 29, 160-164. Wijayanto, S.H. (2008). Structural equation modeling — Lisrel 8.80. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Graha Ilmu. Wilson, S., & Harris, A. (2002). Evaluation of the Psychology Place: A web-based instructional tool for psychology courses. Teaching of Psychology, 29, 165-168. Zhang, W. Y., Perris, K., & Yeung, L. (2005). Online tutorial support in open and distance learning: students’ perceptions. British Journal of Educational Technology, 36(5), 789-804.
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Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Maximus Gorky Sembırıng This is me

Publication Date July 18, 2018
Submission Date April 18, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 19 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Sembırıng, M. G. (2018). Modelling the Determinants of Effective Online Tutoring Programs. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 19(3), 128-139. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.445114