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ÖZEL EĞİTİMDE MONTESSORİ METODUNUN KULLANIMI

Year 2020, , 869 - 884, 18.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.627014

Abstract

Maria Montessori, yirminci yüzyıl
eğitimindeki en önemli figürlerden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Tıp eğitimi
alan Montessori, araştırmaları sırasında engelli çocuklarla karşılaşarak
çalışmalarında bu çocukların eğitimine ağırlık vermiştir. Uygun yaklaşımlarla
engelli çocukların eğitilebileceğine inanan Montessori; Itart ve Seguin’in engelli
çocuklarla yaptıkları çalışmaları inceleyerek kendi eğitim materyallerini
geliştirmiştir. Materyallerin sunumlarına ve çocuklara sunulan eğitim ortamının
engelli çocukların ihtiyaçlarına hitap etmesini,  ilgilerini çekmesini ve onları motive
etmesini temel alan Montessori geliştirdiği materyallerle engelli çocuklarla
uygulamalar yapmış ve bu çocukların ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda materyallerinde
değişiklikler yaparak sistematik bir şekilde çalışmıştır. Çalışmaları sonucunda
engelli çocukların beklediğinin çok ötesine ilerleme kaydettiğini fark
etmiştir. Kendi adını verdiği eğitim metodunu geliştiren Montessori dönemin
şartları nedeniyle normal gelişim gösteren çocukların eğitimine yönelerek
çalışmalarına devam etmiştir; fakat Montessori’nin ilk özel eğitimcilerde
olduğu araştırmacılar tarafından kabul edilmektedir. Montessori eğitim
metodunun bireysel eğitim, çocukların kendi hızıyla ilerlemesi, duyu temelli
materyaller kullanılması gibi temel ilkeleri özel eğitimin müfredatına
girmiştir. Montessori eğitim metodu ülkemizde ve dünyada halen kullanılmaya
devam edilmektedir. Metot ülkemizde normal gelişim gösteren çocukların
eğitimlerinde kullanılırken, yurt dışında özel gereksinimli çocukların
eğitimlerinde de kullanıldığı literatür incelendiğinde ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Otizm, dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu, öğrenme güçlüğü, fiziksel
engel, işitme ve görme bozuklukları, Montessori eğitim metodunun eğitimleri
için kullanıldığı engel gruplarının içerisinde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada
Montessori eğitim metodu özel eğitim çerçevesinde ele alınmış, çeşitli engel
gruplarında metodun kullanılabilirliği irdelenmiştir. Çalışmanın yerli
literatürdeki bu açıklığı gidereceği ve yerli literatüre yeni bir bakış açısı
kazandıracağı beklenmektedir.

References

  • American Psychiatic Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ( 4 th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatrıc Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed., text revision (DSMIV-TR). Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association.
  • Awes, A. (2012). Supporting the dyslexic child in the Montessori environment. Communications, 1(2), 54-75. Retrieved from http://www.montessoricentermn.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Communications_Supporting_the-Dyslexic_Child-2012.pdf .
  • Bara, F., Gentaz, E., Cole, P. and Sprenger-Charolles, L. (2004). The visuo-haptic and haptic exploration of letters increases the kindergarten-children’s understanding of the alphabetic principle. Cognitive Development, 19(3), 433-449. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2004.05.003
  • Biederman, J. and Faraone, S.V. (2005). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet, 366: 237-248.
  • Cheng, K. and Myers, K. M. (2005) The essentials child and adolescent psychiatry, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Cossentino, J. (2010). Following all the children: early intervention and montessori. Montessori Life, 22(4), 1–8.
  • Constantino, J. (2014). Pioneers in child and adolescent psychiatry: Edouard Seguin (1812–1880). Neuropsychiatrie de L'enfance et de l'adolescence, 62, 131-133. doi:10.1016/j.neurenf.2014.01.008
  • Conway, T. (2016). The ADHD child and the montessori classroom. Retrieved from http://tracylynnconway.hubpages.com/hub/adhdandmontessori
  • Danner, N. (2015). Early childhood inclusion in a public Montessori school: Access, participation, and supports (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from: https://amshq.org/Publications-andResearch/Research-Library/Dissertations-and-Theses.
  • Danner, N. and Fowler, S.A. (2015). Montessori and non-montessori early childhood teachers’ attitudes toward ınclusion and access. Journal of Montessori Research, 1(1). http://dx.doi.org/doi.org/10.17161/jomr.v1i1.4944.
  • Dattke, J. (2014). A montessori model for inclusion. The NAMTA Journal, 39 (3), 107-119. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1183188.pdf
  • Demiralp, S. (2014). Montessori metodu ve uygulamaları (1. bs.). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Dinah, M. and Lesser, M. (2005). Attention, monotropism and the diagnostic criteria for autism. Autism, 9(2), 139-156.
  • Dupaul, G. J. and Jimerson, S. R. (2014). Assessing, understanding, and supporting students with ADHD at school: Contemporary science, practice, and policy. School Psychology Quarterly, 29, 379-384. doi:10.1037/spq0000104
  • Fidler, W. (2003). Attention deficithy a practical montessori response. Montessori International, 20-23. http://www.casaverams.com/public/articles/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder.pdf.
  • Gargiulo, R. M. and Kilgo J. L. (2012). An introduction to young children with special needs: Birth through age eight. (4th Ed.). pp. 3-15. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
  • Giofre, D., Stoppa, E., Ferioli, P., Pezzutil, L. and Cornoldi, C. (2016). Forward and backward digit span difficulties in children with specific learning disorder. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 38, 478–486. doi:10. 1080/13803395.2015.1125454.
  • Gresham, F. M. (2002). Response to treatment. In Bradley, R., Danielson, L., & Hallahan, D., Identification of learning disabilities: Research to practice. Washington, DC: USED http://www.infomontessori.com/language/reading-phonogram-object-box.htm (erişim tarihi: 05.12.2018).
  • International Dyslexia Association (2015). Dyslexia at a glance. http://eida.org/dyslexia-at-a-glance/ ( erişim tarihi: 01.12.2018).
  • Kim, Y. S., Leventhal, B. L., Koh, Y. J., Fombonne, E., Laska, E., Lim, E. C., ... & Song, D. H. (2011). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in a total population sample. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(9), 904-912.
  • Kirk, S., Gallagher, J. J., Coleman, M. R. and Anastasiow N. J. (2011). Educating exceptional children (13th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.
  • Lane-Barmapov, M. (2016). Montessori and autism: An Interpretive Desciption Study a Thesis of Masters of Health Studies Faculty of Health Disciplines Athabasca Unıversity : Alberta.
  • Lillard, A.S. (2005). Montessori: The science behind the genius. New York: Oxford.
  • Luborsky, B. (2014). Occupational therapy and Montessori-kindred spirits: Moving towards a scientific and medical pedagogy. NAMTA Journal, 39(3), 209-248.
  • Marshall, S. K. (2001). Do I matter? Construct validation of adolescents’ perceived mattering to parents and friends. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 473-490. doi:10.1006/jado.2001.0384.
  • Mastropieri, M. A. and Scruggs, T. E. (2010). The inclusive classroom: Strategies for effective instruction (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Mckenzie, G. K. and Zascavage, V.S. (2012). Montessori instruction: A model for inclusion in early childhood classrooms and beyond. Montessori Life, 24(1), 32–38.
  • Meyer, J.A. and Minshew, N.J (2002). An update on neurocognitive profiles in Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 17(3), 152-160.
  • Miller, L. J., Anzalone, M.E, Lane, S. J., Cermak, S.A. and Osten, E.T. (2007). From the Guest Editor—Concept evolution in sensory integration: A proposed nosology for diagnosis. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61, 135–140.
  • Montessori, M. (1967). The discovery of the child. New York, NY: A Ballantine Book. The Random House Publishing Group.
  • Murphy-Ryan, M. (2017). Helping Children with Attentional Challenges in a Montessori Classroom: The Role of the Physician. The NAMTA Journal, 42 (2) 355-423.
  • Nehring-Massie, C. (2014). Implementing inclusion theory into practice. NAMTA Journal, 39(3), 38-63.
  • Nehring-Massie, C. (2017). Helping Children with Attentional Challenges in the Montessori Classroom: Introduction. The NAMTA Journal, 42 (2), 263 – 285 . https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1144538.pdf
  • Odom, S., Brantlinger, E., Gersten, R., Horner, R., Thompson, B. and Harris, K. (2005). Research in special education: Scientific methods and evidence-based practices. Exceptional Children (71), 137–148.
  • Odom, S., Buysse, V. and Soukakou, E. (2011). Inclusion for young children with disabilities: A quarter century of research perspectives. Journal of Early Intervention, 33(4), 344–356. doi: 10.1177/1053815111430094
  • Orem, R.C. (1970). Montessori and the special child. New York: G. P. Putnam.
  • Park, E. (2004). A mixed methods case study of Montessori pedagogy for a high- functioning autistic child, autistic child in Montessori pedagogy (Master’s thesis). http://www.academia.edu/4771719/A_Mixed_Methods_Case_Study_of_Montessori_Pedagogy_for_a_High-Functioning_Autistic_Child.
  • Peng, P. and Fuchs, D. (2016). A meta-analysis of working memory deficits in children with learning difficulties: Is there a difference between verbal domain and numerical domain? Journal of Learning Disabilities, 49, 3–20. doi:10.1177/0022219414521667.
  • Pickering, J. S. (1992). Successful applications of montessori methods with children at risk for learning disabilities. Annals of Dyslexia, 42(1), 90–109.
  • Richardson, S.O. (1997). The montessori preschool: preparation for reading and writing. Annals of Dyslexia, 47(1), 241-256.
  • Shanks, P. (2014). Building the inclusive Montessori school. The NAMTA Journal, 39(3),5-36.
  • Thayer-Bacon, B. (2011). Maria Montessori: education for peace. Journal of Peace Education and Social Justice, 5(3), 307-319.
  • Tomchek, S.D. and Dunn, W. (2007). Sensory processing in children with and without autism: A comparative study using the short sensory profile. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61, 190–200
  • Turner, J. (1995). How do you teach reading? Montessori Life, 7(3), 25-29.
  • Uyan, Z., Peker, A. G. C., Tekiner, A. A. ve Ulukol, B. (2014) Ergenlerde dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu sıklığının araştırılması. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi, 6(3):21-26.
  • Vaz, N. (2013). Montessori special education and nature ’s play ground, The NAMTA Journal , 38 (1), 71-79.
Year 2020, , 869 - 884, 18.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.627014

Abstract

References

  • American Psychiatic Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ( 4 th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatrıc Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed., text revision (DSMIV-TR). Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association.
  • Awes, A. (2012). Supporting the dyslexic child in the Montessori environment. Communications, 1(2), 54-75. Retrieved from http://www.montessoricentermn.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Communications_Supporting_the-Dyslexic_Child-2012.pdf .
  • Bara, F., Gentaz, E., Cole, P. and Sprenger-Charolles, L. (2004). The visuo-haptic and haptic exploration of letters increases the kindergarten-children’s understanding of the alphabetic principle. Cognitive Development, 19(3), 433-449. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2004.05.003
  • Biederman, J. and Faraone, S.V. (2005). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet, 366: 237-248.
  • Cheng, K. and Myers, K. M. (2005) The essentials child and adolescent psychiatry, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Cossentino, J. (2010). Following all the children: early intervention and montessori. Montessori Life, 22(4), 1–8.
  • Constantino, J. (2014). Pioneers in child and adolescent psychiatry: Edouard Seguin (1812–1880). Neuropsychiatrie de L'enfance et de l'adolescence, 62, 131-133. doi:10.1016/j.neurenf.2014.01.008
  • Conway, T. (2016). The ADHD child and the montessori classroom. Retrieved from http://tracylynnconway.hubpages.com/hub/adhdandmontessori
  • Danner, N. (2015). Early childhood inclusion in a public Montessori school: Access, participation, and supports (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from: https://amshq.org/Publications-andResearch/Research-Library/Dissertations-and-Theses.
  • Danner, N. and Fowler, S.A. (2015). Montessori and non-montessori early childhood teachers’ attitudes toward ınclusion and access. Journal of Montessori Research, 1(1). http://dx.doi.org/doi.org/10.17161/jomr.v1i1.4944.
  • Dattke, J. (2014). A montessori model for inclusion. The NAMTA Journal, 39 (3), 107-119. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1183188.pdf
  • Demiralp, S. (2014). Montessori metodu ve uygulamaları (1. bs.). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Dinah, M. and Lesser, M. (2005). Attention, monotropism and the diagnostic criteria for autism. Autism, 9(2), 139-156.
  • Dupaul, G. J. and Jimerson, S. R. (2014). Assessing, understanding, and supporting students with ADHD at school: Contemporary science, practice, and policy. School Psychology Quarterly, 29, 379-384. doi:10.1037/spq0000104
  • Fidler, W. (2003). Attention deficithy a practical montessori response. Montessori International, 20-23. http://www.casaverams.com/public/articles/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder.pdf.
  • Gargiulo, R. M. and Kilgo J. L. (2012). An introduction to young children with special needs: Birth through age eight. (4th Ed.). pp. 3-15. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
  • Giofre, D., Stoppa, E., Ferioli, P., Pezzutil, L. and Cornoldi, C. (2016). Forward and backward digit span difficulties in children with specific learning disorder. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 38, 478–486. doi:10. 1080/13803395.2015.1125454.
  • Gresham, F. M. (2002). Response to treatment. In Bradley, R., Danielson, L., & Hallahan, D., Identification of learning disabilities: Research to practice. Washington, DC: USED http://www.infomontessori.com/language/reading-phonogram-object-box.htm (erişim tarihi: 05.12.2018).
  • International Dyslexia Association (2015). Dyslexia at a glance. http://eida.org/dyslexia-at-a-glance/ ( erişim tarihi: 01.12.2018).
  • Kim, Y. S., Leventhal, B. L., Koh, Y. J., Fombonne, E., Laska, E., Lim, E. C., ... & Song, D. H. (2011). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in a total population sample. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(9), 904-912.
  • Kirk, S., Gallagher, J. J., Coleman, M. R. and Anastasiow N. J. (2011). Educating exceptional children (13th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.
  • Lane-Barmapov, M. (2016). Montessori and autism: An Interpretive Desciption Study a Thesis of Masters of Health Studies Faculty of Health Disciplines Athabasca Unıversity : Alberta.
  • Lillard, A.S. (2005). Montessori: The science behind the genius. New York: Oxford.
  • Luborsky, B. (2014). Occupational therapy and Montessori-kindred spirits: Moving towards a scientific and medical pedagogy. NAMTA Journal, 39(3), 209-248.
  • Marshall, S. K. (2001). Do I matter? Construct validation of adolescents’ perceived mattering to parents and friends. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 473-490. doi:10.1006/jado.2001.0384.
  • Mastropieri, M. A. and Scruggs, T. E. (2010). The inclusive classroom: Strategies for effective instruction (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Mckenzie, G. K. and Zascavage, V.S. (2012). Montessori instruction: A model for inclusion in early childhood classrooms and beyond. Montessori Life, 24(1), 32–38.
  • Meyer, J.A. and Minshew, N.J (2002). An update on neurocognitive profiles in Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 17(3), 152-160.
  • Miller, L. J., Anzalone, M.E, Lane, S. J., Cermak, S.A. and Osten, E.T. (2007). From the Guest Editor—Concept evolution in sensory integration: A proposed nosology for diagnosis. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61, 135–140.
  • Montessori, M. (1967). The discovery of the child. New York, NY: A Ballantine Book. The Random House Publishing Group.
  • Murphy-Ryan, M. (2017). Helping Children with Attentional Challenges in a Montessori Classroom: The Role of the Physician. The NAMTA Journal, 42 (2) 355-423.
  • Nehring-Massie, C. (2014). Implementing inclusion theory into practice. NAMTA Journal, 39(3), 38-63.
  • Nehring-Massie, C. (2017). Helping Children with Attentional Challenges in the Montessori Classroom: Introduction. The NAMTA Journal, 42 (2), 263 – 285 . https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1144538.pdf
  • Odom, S., Brantlinger, E., Gersten, R., Horner, R., Thompson, B. and Harris, K. (2005). Research in special education: Scientific methods and evidence-based practices. Exceptional Children (71), 137–148.
  • Odom, S., Buysse, V. and Soukakou, E. (2011). Inclusion for young children with disabilities: A quarter century of research perspectives. Journal of Early Intervention, 33(4), 344–356. doi: 10.1177/1053815111430094
  • Orem, R.C. (1970). Montessori and the special child. New York: G. P. Putnam.
  • Park, E. (2004). A mixed methods case study of Montessori pedagogy for a high- functioning autistic child, autistic child in Montessori pedagogy (Master’s thesis). http://www.academia.edu/4771719/A_Mixed_Methods_Case_Study_of_Montessori_Pedagogy_for_a_High-Functioning_Autistic_Child.
  • Peng, P. and Fuchs, D. (2016). A meta-analysis of working memory deficits in children with learning difficulties: Is there a difference between verbal domain and numerical domain? Journal of Learning Disabilities, 49, 3–20. doi:10.1177/0022219414521667.
  • Pickering, J. S. (1992). Successful applications of montessori methods with children at risk for learning disabilities. Annals of Dyslexia, 42(1), 90–109.
  • Richardson, S.O. (1997). The montessori preschool: preparation for reading and writing. Annals of Dyslexia, 47(1), 241-256.
  • Shanks, P. (2014). Building the inclusive Montessori school. The NAMTA Journal, 39(3),5-36.
  • Thayer-Bacon, B. (2011). Maria Montessori: education for peace. Journal of Peace Education and Social Justice, 5(3), 307-319.
  • Tomchek, S.D. and Dunn, W. (2007). Sensory processing in children with and without autism: A comparative study using the short sensory profile. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61, 190–200
  • Turner, J. (1995). How do you teach reading? Montessori Life, 7(3), 25-29.
  • Uyan, Z., Peker, A. G. C., Tekiner, A. A. ve Ulukol, B. (2014) Ergenlerde dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu sıklığının araştırılması. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi, 6(3):21-26.
  • Vaz, N. (2013). Montessori special education and nature ’s play ground, The NAMTA Journal , 38 (1), 71-79.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Derleme Makalesi
Authors

Gökçen İlhan Ildız

Yeşim Fazlıoğlu 0000-0002-3970-7084

Publication Date December 18, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA İlhan Ildız, G., & Fazlıoğlu, Y. (2020). ÖZEL EĞİTİMDE MONTESSORİ METODUNUN KULLANIMI. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(2), 869-884. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.627014
AMA İlhan Ildız G, Fazlıoğlu Y. ÖZEL EĞİTİMDE MONTESSORİ METODUNUN KULLANIMI. Trakya University Journal of Social Science. December 2020;22(2):869-884. doi:10.26468/trakyasobed.627014
Chicago İlhan Ildız, Gökçen, and Yeşim Fazlıoğlu. “ÖZEL EĞİTİMDE MONTESSORİ METODUNUN KULLANIMI”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22, no. 2 (December 2020): 869-84. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.627014.
EndNote İlhan Ildız G, Fazlıoğlu Y (December 1, 2020) ÖZEL EĞİTİMDE MONTESSORİ METODUNUN KULLANIMI. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22 2 869–884.
IEEE G. İlhan Ildız and Y. Fazlıoğlu, “ÖZEL EĞİTİMDE MONTESSORİ METODUNUN KULLANIMI”, Trakya University Journal of Social Science, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 869–884, 2020, doi: 10.26468/trakyasobed.627014.
ISNAD İlhan Ildız, Gökçen - Fazlıoğlu, Yeşim. “ÖZEL EĞİTİMDE MONTESSORİ METODUNUN KULLANIMI”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22/2 (December 2020), 869-884. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.627014.
JAMA İlhan Ildız G, Fazlıoğlu Y. ÖZEL EĞİTİMDE MONTESSORİ METODUNUN KULLANIMI. Trakya University Journal of Social Science. 2020;22:869–884.
MLA İlhan Ildız, Gökçen and Yeşim Fazlıoğlu. “ÖZEL EĞİTİMDE MONTESSORİ METODUNUN KULLANIMI”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 2, 2020, pp. 869-84, doi:10.26468/trakyasobed.627014.
Vancouver İlhan Ildız G, Fazlıoğlu Y. ÖZEL EĞİTİMDE MONTESSORİ METODUNUN KULLANIMI. Trakya University Journal of Social Science. 2020;22(2):869-84.
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