Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 579 - 602, 20.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.1113258

Abstract

References

  • Akyüz, S. S. (2021). Koronavirüs komplo teorileri: Dezenformasyon ve politik kimliklerin komplocu düșünüșe etkisi. İletişim ve Medya Alanında Uluslararası Araştırmalar II, 57-86.
  • Al Jazeera (2022a) Anti-vaccine protesters rally in France, Germany, Austria, Italy,https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/9/more-than-100000-rally-in-france-against-covid-vaccine-rules, 9 Ocak 2022.
  • Al Jazeera (2022b). Thousands protest against Dutch COVID restrictions, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/16/thousands-protest-dutch-covid-19-lockdown-measures, 16 Ocak 2022.
  • Berberoglu, B. (Ed.). (2019). The Palgrave Handbook of Social Movements, Revolution, and Social Transformation. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Bertuzzi, N. (2021). Conspiracy theories and social movements studies: A research agenda. Sociology Compass, 15(12), e12945.
  • Bigislandnow.com (2021) Dozens gather to protest state COVID mandates, restrictions, https://bigislandnow.com/2021/05/16/dozens-gather-to-protest-state-covid-mandates-restrictions/ , 16 Mayıs 2021.
  • Bogel-Burroughs, N. (2020). Antivaccination activists are growing force at virus protests, New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/02/us/anti-vaxxers-coronavirus-protests.html, 2 Mayıs 2021.
  • Brennan, E. (2020). Coronavirus and protest: How COVID-19 has changed the face of American activism. https://apo.org.au/node/305860, United States Studies Centre, The University of Sydney.
  • Brubaker, R. (2021). Paradoxes of populism during the pandemic. Thesis Eleven, 164(1), 73-87.
  • Bruzz (2021) De perfecte storm: deze coronacritici trekken zaterdag naar Brussel, https://www.bruzz.be/veiligheid/de-perfecte-storm-deze-coronacritici-trekken-zaterdag-naar-brussel-2021-05-27, 27 Mayıs 2021.
  • Cahill, D. ve Konings, M. (2017). Neoliberalism. New York: Wiley.
  • Chao-Fung, L. (2021) Anti-vaxxers storm Covid testing centre during ‘freedom’ rally in Milton Keynes, The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/29/anti-vaxxers-denounce-covid-testing-centre-in-freedom-march-through-milton-keynes, 29 Aralık 2021.
  • Chenoweth, E., Leung, T., Perkins, N., Pressman, J. ve Ulfelder, J. (2021). The Trump years launched the biggest sustained protest movement in U.S. history, Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/02/08/trump-years-launched-biggest-sustained-protest-movement-us-history-its-not-over/, 8 Şubat 2021.
  • Chenoweth, E., Putnam L., Leung, T., Pressman, J. ve Perkins, N. (2020). media coverage has blown anti-lockdown protests out of proportion, Vox, https://www.vox.com/2020/5/10/21252583/coronavirus-lockdown-protests-media-trump, 10 Mayıs 2020.
  • Countlove (2022). Count Love, https://countlove.org/search.html
  • Crouch, C. (2004). Post-democracy, New York: Wiley.
  • Crouch, C. (2020). Post-democracy after the crises. New York: Wiley.
  • Crowd Counting Consortium (2022). https://sites.google.com/view/crowdcountingconsortium/home
  • Demir, S. (2021). Küresel hegemonya, ABD ve Covid-19 pandemisi: Salgının küresel güç dönüşümü etkisine ilişkin bir analiz. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 3 (1) , 4-35.
  • della Porta, D. ve Tarrow, S. (Eds.) (2005). Transnational protest and global activism. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • della Porta, D. ve M. Diani (Eds.). (2015). The Oxford Handbook of Social Movements. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Diamond, L. (2002) “Thinking About Hybrid Regimes”, Journal of Democracy, 13:2, 21-35.
  • Douglas, K. M. (2021). Covid-19 conspiracy theories. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 24(2), 270-275.
  • Erçandırlı, Y. (2021). Dünya metabolizmasında yarık: Covid-19, ekoloji ve neoliberalizmin diyalektik birlikteliği üzerine. Mülkiye Dergisi, 45(4), 993-1018.
  • Euronews.com (2021) Covid-19: Protests across Europe rail against pandemic restrictions as infections soar, Euronews, https://www.euronews.com/2021/03/21/covid-19-protests-across-europe-rail-against-pandemic-restrictions-as-infections-soar, 21 Mart 2021.
  • Fawcett, E. (2020). Conservatism: The fight for a tradition. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • FreedomWorks (2021). Government fails, freedom works, https://www.freedomworks.org/about/about-freedomworks, Erişim 18 Ekim 2021.
  • Fürstenau, M. (2021). Meet Germany’s ‘Querdenker’ Covid protest movement, DW, https://www.dw.com/en/meet-germanys-querdenker-covid-protest-movement/a-57049985, 03 Nisan 2021.
  • Gerbaudo, P. (2020). The Pandemic Crowd, Journal of International Affairs, 73(2), 61-76.
  • Grande, E., Hutter, S., Hunger, S., & Kanol, E. (2021). Alles Covidioten? Politische Potenziale des Corona-Protests in Deutschland, WZB Discussion Paper (No. ZZ 2021-601).
  • Harvey, D. (2005). Neoliberalizmin Kısa Tarihi, (Çev. Aylin Onacak), İstanbul: Sel.
  • Harvey, D. (2020). Anti-capitalist politics in the Time of COVID-19, https://jacobinmag.com/2020/03/david-harvey-coronavirus-political-economy-disruptions, 03 Mart 2020.
  • Hutchinson, B. (2020). “Operation Gridlock”: Convoy in Michigan’s capital protests stay-at-home orders, ABC News, https://abcnews.go.com/US/convoy-protesting-stay-home-orders-targets-michigans-capital/story?id=70138816, 16 Nisan 2020.
  • Klandermans, B. ve C. Roggeband (Eds.) (2017). Handbook of Social Movements Across Disciplines. Cham: Springer.
  • Klein, E. (2020). Why are liberals more afraid of the coronavirus than conservatives?, Vox, https://www.vox.com/2020/5/21/21262329/coronavirus-liberals-conservativespolls-afraid-psychology-distacing, 21 Mayıs 2020.
  • Koç, E. (2021). Covid-19 krizinin diplomasiye etkisi ve uluslararası sistemde artan belirsizlikler. Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Diplomasi, 4(1), 108-121, Doi: 10.51763/uid.867518
  • Kowalewski, M. (2020). Street protests in times of Covid-19: adjusting tactics and marching ‘as usual’, Social Movement Studies, 20(6), 758-765, Doi: 10.1080/14742837.2020.1843014
  • Levitsky, S. ve Way, L. A. (2010). Competitive authoritarianism: Hybrid regimes after the Cold War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lombardi, P. (2022), Rioters fight brussels police, smash headquarters of EU Foreign Service, Politico, https://www.politico.eu/article/protest-against-covid-restriction-police-violent-brussels/, 23 Ocak 2022.
  • Marietta, M. (2012). A citizen’s guide to American ideology. New York: Routledge.
  • McDonald, K. (2006). Global movements: Action and culture. London: Blackwell.
  • Meert, T. (2021). Who Are We?, https://www.europeansunited.eu/europeansunited-2/, Erişim 25 Ocak 2022.
  • Melimopoulos, E. (2021), What’s driving the COVID lockdown protests?, Al Jazeera, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/7/protests-over-new-covid-19-measures-whats-behind-them, 7 Şubat 2021.
  • Mudde, C. ve Kaltwasser, C. (2019). Popülizm: Kısa bir giriş, (Çev. S. Erdem Türközü), Ankara: Nika.
  • Muller, J. Z. (Ed.) (1997) Conservatism: An anthology of social and political thought from David Hume to the present, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Müller, J. (2020). Popülizm nedir? (Çev. Onur Yıldız), İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Nachtwey, O., Schäfer, R. ve Frei, N. (2020). Politische soziologie der corona-proteste. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/zyp3f
  • Neumayer, E. Pfaff, K. ve Plümper, T. (2021), Protest against COVID-19 containment Policies in European Countries. SSRN, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3844989
  • O’Sullivan, N. (2019). Conservatism, ed. Michael Freeden, Lyman Tower Sargent, Marc Stears The Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies (pp. 50-77) içinde. London: Routledge.
  • Parkrecord.com (2021). Sheriff’s report: Anti-vaccine protesters disrupt Kamas clinic, https://www.parkrecord.com/news/summit-county/sheriffs-report-anti-vaccine-protesters-disrupt-kamas-clinic/, 5 Mayıs 2021.
  • Perry, D. M. (2021). Covid protesters must stop exploiting symbols of the Holocaust, CNN, https://edition.cnn.com/2021/04/27/opinions/covid-anti-vaccine-protesters-yellow-stars-holocaust-perry/index.html, 27 Nisan 2021.
  • Pleitgen, F. (2020). Thousands of covid-deniers protest in Berlin and London, CNN, https://edition.cnn.com/2020/08/29/europe/berlin-protest-coronavirus-police-grm-intl/index.html, 29 Ağustos 2020.
  • Pleyers, G. (2010). Alter-globalization: Becoming actors in a global age. New York: Polity.
  • Pleyers, G. (2020). The Pandemic is a battlefield. Social movements in the COVID-19 lockdown, Journal of Civil Society, 16(4), 295-312.
  • Pressman, J. ve Choi-Fitzpatrick, A. (2020). Covid19 and protest repertoires in the United States: An initial description of limited change, Social Movement Studies.
  • Pummerer, L., Böhm, R., Lilleholt, L., Winter, K., Zettler, I. ve Sassenberg, K. (2022). Conspiracy theories and their societal effects during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 13(1), 49-59.
  • Rubin, D. I. ve Wilson, F. A. (2021). A Time of covidiocy: Media, politics, and social Upheaval. London: Brill.
  • Schradie, J. (2020). “Give me liberty or give me Covid-19”: Anti-lockdown protesters were never Trump puppets. Communication and the Public, 5(3-4), 126-128.
  • Smith, A. (2020). Tea party-style protests break out across the country against stay-at-home orders, NBC News, https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/tea-party-style-protests-break-out-across-country-against-stay-n1185611, 16 Nisan 2020.
  • Springer, S., Birch, K. ve MacLeavy, J. (Eds.) (2016). The Handbook of neoliberalism, New York: Routledge.
  • Tangün, Y. A., ve Parlak, İ. (2020). Politik söylemin “komplo teorisi formu”na özdeş sınırları: kanaat teknisyeni, habitus ve iktidar stratejileri. Mülkiye Dergisi, 44(2), 287-320.
  • The Week (2022), Anti-vax and vaccine hesitant: what is the impact of those refusing to get jabbed?, https://www.theweek.co.uk/news/science-health/955411/anti-vax-vaccine-hesitant-impact, 14 Ocak 2022.
  • Vieten, U. M. (2020). The “new normal” and “pandemic populism”: The covid-19 crisis and anti-hygienic mobilisation of the far-right. Social Sciences, 9(9), 165.
  • Vogel, K. P., Rutenberg, J. & Lerer, L. (2020). The quiet hand of conservative groups in the anti-lockdown protests, New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/21/us/politics/coronavirus-protests-trump.html, 21 Nisan 2021.
  • World Wide Demonstration (2021) What is the World Wide Demonstration?, https://worldwidedemonstration.com/about/ , Erişim 25.01.2022.
  • Yavuz, T. (2020). Uzmanlara göre pandemi sonrası dünyada liberal değerler gerileyebilir, Anadolu Ajansı, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/uzmanlara-gore-pandemi-sonrasi-dunyada-liberal-degerler-gerileyebilir/1822478, 29 Nisan 2020.
  • Yıldızcan, C. ve Özpınar, C. (2021). Pandemiyi tartışmak: Ekoloji, neoliberalizm ve kriz yönetimi. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(Özel Sayı), 1-21.

THE LIBERTY DEBATE IN THE ANTI-LOCK-DOWN AND ANTI VACCINE PROTEST AND CONSERVATIVE CRITICISMS OF THE GLOBAL SYSTEM: THE CASES FROM THE USA AND EUROPE

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 579 - 602, 20.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.1113258

Abstract

The main purpose of the study is to examine conservative arguments during the anti lockdown and vaccine actions, in the examples of the USA and Europe. Three principal axes, the actions taking place with conservative arguments, the emphasis on freedom and its transformation into a global discourse will be examined. In this framework, it will be argued that the ties between liberalism and conservatism have been stretched, and the normals established by the neoliberal world on the functioning of free markets have been shaken. The main point that drives conservatives to action is that the possibility that the current situation created by the epidemic will radically change the foundations of the previous political system. The debate is also directly related to the political pursuits created by populism. The political and economic framework in which these movements emerged will be drawn with the basic determinations of the concepts of neoliberalism and populism, and then the context of freedom, emphasized on the institutions and organizations coordinating the movements in the USA and Europe, will be examined. Neoliberalism, which has become the main axis of the global order in the context of market security and personal freedom, has become the new target of social protests. Conservatism's desire for reasonableness and a slow change through leaders has turned into a sharper resistance and a wave of criticism not only at the local level but also at the global level in these actions, with radical methods that this thought is not very suitable for. It can be seen that grassroots formations, spontaneous formations expressing the demands of ordinary people about the daily life problems and accompanying new associations, without being in a hierarchical or tight organization as in the anti-globalization movement, have started to be the form of action and expression of the masses. 

References

  • Akyüz, S. S. (2021). Koronavirüs komplo teorileri: Dezenformasyon ve politik kimliklerin komplocu düșünüșe etkisi. İletişim ve Medya Alanında Uluslararası Araştırmalar II, 57-86.
  • Al Jazeera (2022a) Anti-vaccine protesters rally in France, Germany, Austria, Italy,https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/9/more-than-100000-rally-in-france-against-covid-vaccine-rules, 9 Ocak 2022.
  • Al Jazeera (2022b). Thousands protest against Dutch COVID restrictions, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/16/thousands-protest-dutch-covid-19-lockdown-measures, 16 Ocak 2022.
  • Berberoglu, B. (Ed.). (2019). The Palgrave Handbook of Social Movements, Revolution, and Social Transformation. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Bertuzzi, N. (2021). Conspiracy theories and social movements studies: A research agenda. Sociology Compass, 15(12), e12945.
  • Bigislandnow.com (2021) Dozens gather to protest state COVID mandates, restrictions, https://bigislandnow.com/2021/05/16/dozens-gather-to-protest-state-covid-mandates-restrictions/ , 16 Mayıs 2021.
  • Bogel-Burroughs, N. (2020). Antivaccination activists are growing force at virus protests, New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/02/us/anti-vaxxers-coronavirus-protests.html, 2 Mayıs 2021.
  • Brennan, E. (2020). Coronavirus and protest: How COVID-19 has changed the face of American activism. https://apo.org.au/node/305860, United States Studies Centre, The University of Sydney.
  • Brubaker, R. (2021). Paradoxes of populism during the pandemic. Thesis Eleven, 164(1), 73-87.
  • Bruzz (2021) De perfecte storm: deze coronacritici trekken zaterdag naar Brussel, https://www.bruzz.be/veiligheid/de-perfecte-storm-deze-coronacritici-trekken-zaterdag-naar-brussel-2021-05-27, 27 Mayıs 2021.
  • Cahill, D. ve Konings, M. (2017). Neoliberalism. New York: Wiley.
  • Chao-Fung, L. (2021) Anti-vaxxers storm Covid testing centre during ‘freedom’ rally in Milton Keynes, The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/29/anti-vaxxers-denounce-covid-testing-centre-in-freedom-march-through-milton-keynes, 29 Aralık 2021.
  • Chenoweth, E., Leung, T., Perkins, N., Pressman, J. ve Ulfelder, J. (2021). The Trump years launched the biggest sustained protest movement in U.S. history, Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/02/08/trump-years-launched-biggest-sustained-protest-movement-us-history-its-not-over/, 8 Şubat 2021.
  • Chenoweth, E., Putnam L., Leung, T., Pressman, J. ve Perkins, N. (2020). media coverage has blown anti-lockdown protests out of proportion, Vox, https://www.vox.com/2020/5/10/21252583/coronavirus-lockdown-protests-media-trump, 10 Mayıs 2020.
  • Countlove (2022). Count Love, https://countlove.org/search.html
  • Crouch, C. (2004). Post-democracy, New York: Wiley.
  • Crouch, C. (2020). Post-democracy after the crises. New York: Wiley.
  • Crowd Counting Consortium (2022). https://sites.google.com/view/crowdcountingconsortium/home
  • Demir, S. (2021). Küresel hegemonya, ABD ve Covid-19 pandemisi: Salgının küresel güç dönüşümü etkisine ilişkin bir analiz. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 3 (1) , 4-35.
  • della Porta, D. ve Tarrow, S. (Eds.) (2005). Transnational protest and global activism. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • della Porta, D. ve M. Diani (Eds.). (2015). The Oxford Handbook of Social Movements. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Diamond, L. (2002) “Thinking About Hybrid Regimes”, Journal of Democracy, 13:2, 21-35.
  • Douglas, K. M. (2021). Covid-19 conspiracy theories. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 24(2), 270-275.
  • Erçandırlı, Y. (2021). Dünya metabolizmasında yarık: Covid-19, ekoloji ve neoliberalizmin diyalektik birlikteliği üzerine. Mülkiye Dergisi, 45(4), 993-1018.
  • Euronews.com (2021) Covid-19: Protests across Europe rail against pandemic restrictions as infections soar, Euronews, https://www.euronews.com/2021/03/21/covid-19-protests-across-europe-rail-against-pandemic-restrictions-as-infections-soar, 21 Mart 2021.
  • Fawcett, E. (2020). Conservatism: The fight for a tradition. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • FreedomWorks (2021). Government fails, freedom works, https://www.freedomworks.org/about/about-freedomworks, Erişim 18 Ekim 2021.
  • Fürstenau, M. (2021). Meet Germany’s ‘Querdenker’ Covid protest movement, DW, https://www.dw.com/en/meet-germanys-querdenker-covid-protest-movement/a-57049985, 03 Nisan 2021.
  • Gerbaudo, P. (2020). The Pandemic Crowd, Journal of International Affairs, 73(2), 61-76.
  • Grande, E., Hutter, S., Hunger, S., & Kanol, E. (2021). Alles Covidioten? Politische Potenziale des Corona-Protests in Deutschland, WZB Discussion Paper (No. ZZ 2021-601).
  • Harvey, D. (2005). Neoliberalizmin Kısa Tarihi, (Çev. Aylin Onacak), İstanbul: Sel.
  • Harvey, D. (2020). Anti-capitalist politics in the Time of COVID-19, https://jacobinmag.com/2020/03/david-harvey-coronavirus-political-economy-disruptions, 03 Mart 2020.
  • Hutchinson, B. (2020). “Operation Gridlock”: Convoy in Michigan’s capital protests stay-at-home orders, ABC News, https://abcnews.go.com/US/convoy-protesting-stay-home-orders-targets-michigans-capital/story?id=70138816, 16 Nisan 2020.
  • Klandermans, B. ve C. Roggeband (Eds.) (2017). Handbook of Social Movements Across Disciplines. Cham: Springer.
  • Klein, E. (2020). Why are liberals more afraid of the coronavirus than conservatives?, Vox, https://www.vox.com/2020/5/21/21262329/coronavirus-liberals-conservativespolls-afraid-psychology-distacing, 21 Mayıs 2020.
  • Koç, E. (2021). Covid-19 krizinin diplomasiye etkisi ve uluslararası sistemde artan belirsizlikler. Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Diplomasi, 4(1), 108-121, Doi: 10.51763/uid.867518
  • Kowalewski, M. (2020). Street protests in times of Covid-19: adjusting tactics and marching ‘as usual’, Social Movement Studies, 20(6), 758-765, Doi: 10.1080/14742837.2020.1843014
  • Levitsky, S. ve Way, L. A. (2010). Competitive authoritarianism: Hybrid regimes after the Cold War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lombardi, P. (2022), Rioters fight brussels police, smash headquarters of EU Foreign Service, Politico, https://www.politico.eu/article/protest-against-covid-restriction-police-violent-brussels/, 23 Ocak 2022.
  • Marietta, M. (2012). A citizen’s guide to American ideology. New York: Routledge.
  • McDonald, K. (2006). Global movements: Action and culture. London: Blackwell.
  • Meert, T. (2021). Who Are We?, https://www.europeansunited.eu/europeansunited-2/, Erişim 25 Ocak 2022.
  • Melimopoulos, E. (2021), What’s driving the COVID lockdown protests?, Al Jazeera, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/7/protests-over-new-covid-19-measures-whats-behind-them, 7 Şubat 2021.
  • Mudde, C. ve Kaltwasser, C. (2019). Popülizm: Kısa bir giriş, (Çev. S. Erdem Türközü), Ankara: Nika.
  • Muller, J. Z. (Ed.) (1997) Conservatism: An anthology of social and political thought from David Hume to the present, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Müller, J. (2020). Popülizm nedir? (Çev. Onur Yıldız), İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Nachtwey, O., Schäfer, R. ve Frei, N. (2020). Politische soziologie der corona-proteste. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/zyp3f
  • Neumayer, E. Pfaff, K. ve Plümper, T. (2021), Protest against COVID-19 containment Policies in European Countries. SSRN, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3844989
  • O’Sullivan, N. (2019). Conservatism, ed. Michael Freeden, Lyman Tower Sargent, Marc Stears The Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies (pp. 50-77) içinde. London: Routledge.
  • Parkrecord.com (2021). Sheriff’s report: Anti-vaccine protesters disrupt Kamas clinic, https://www.parkrecord.com/news/summit-county/sheriffs-report-anti-vaccine-protesters-disrupt-kamas-clinic/, 5 Mayıs 2021.
  • Perry, D. M. (2021). Covid protesters must stop exploiting symbols of the Holocaust, CNN, https://edition.cnn.com/2021/04/27/opinions/covid-anti-vaccine-protesters-yellow-stars-holocaust-perry/index.html, 27 Nisan 2021.
  • Pleitgen, F. (2020). Thousands of covid-deniers protest in Berlin and London, CNN, https://edition.cnn.com/2020/08/29/europe/berlin-protest-coronavirus-police-grm-intl/index.html, 29 Ağustos 2020.
  • Pleyers, G. (2010). Alter-globalization: Becoming actors in a global age. New York: Polity.
  • Pleyers, G. (2020). The Pandemic is a battlefield. Social movements in the COVID-19 lockdown, Journal of Civil Society, 16(4), 295-312.
  • Pressman, J. ve Choi-Fitzpatrick, A. (2020). Covid19 and protest repertoires in the United States: An initial description of limited change, Social Movement Studies.
  • Pummerer, L., Böhm, R., Lilleholt, L., Winter, K., Zettler, I. ve Sassenberg, K. (2022). Conspiracy theories and their societal effects during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 13(1), 49-59.
  • Rubin, D. I. ve Wilson, F. A. (2021). A Time of covidiocy: Media, politics, and social Upheaval. London: Brill.
  • Schradie, J. (2020). “Give me liberty or give me Covid-19”: Anti-lockdown protesters were never Trump puppets. Communication and the Public, 5(3-4), 126-128.
  • Smith, A. (2020). Tea party-style protests break out across the country against stay-at-home orders, NBC News, https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/tea-party-style-protests-break-out-across-country-against-stay-n1185611, 16 Nisan 2020.
  • Springer, S., Birch, K. ve MacLeavy, J. (Eds.) (2016). The Handbook of neoliberalism, New York: Routledge.
  • Tangün, Y. A., ve Parlak, İ. (2020). Politik söylemin “komplo teorisi formu”na özdeş sınırları: kanaat teknisyeni, habitus ve iktidar stratejileri. Mülkiye Dergisi, 44(2), 287-320.
  • The Week (2022), Anti-vax and vaccine hesitant: what is the impact of those refusing to get jabbed?, https://www.theweek.co.uk/news/science-health/955411/anti-vax-vaccine-hesitant-impact, 14 Ocak 2022.
  • Vieten, U. M. (2020). The “new normal” and “pandemic populism”: The covid-19 crisis and anti-hygienic mobilisation of the far-right. Social Sciences, 9(9), 165.
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KARANTİNA VE AŞI KARŞITI PROTESTOLARDA ÖZGÜRLÜK TARTIŞMASI VE KÜRESEL SİSTEME MUHAFAZAKAR ELEŞTİRİLER: ABD VE AVRUPA’DAN ÖRNEKLER

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 579 - 602, 20.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.1113258

Abstract

Karantina ve sonrasında aşı karşıtı gösteriler, 2020’den bu yana hemen hemen her ülkede çeşitli büyüklüklerde gelişmiş ve neredeyse küresel bir eylem dalgasına dönüşmüştür. Çalışmanın amacı, bu eylemlerde muhafazakar argümanların eylemlerin yoğunlaştığı ABD ve Avrupa örneklerinde nasıl tanımladığını incelemektir. Çalışmada üç ana eksen, muhafazakar argümanlarla gerçekleşen eylemler, buradaki özgürlük vurgusu ve bunun küresel çapta bir söyleme dönüşmesi incelenecektir. Bu çerçevede liberalizm ve muhafazakarlık arasındaki bağların esnediği, neoliberal dünyanın serbest piyasaların işleyişi üzerinde kurduğu normallerin sarsıldığı savunulacaktır. Salgının yarattığı yeni durumun önceki siyasal sistemin temellerini aşırı biçimde değiştirme ihtimali, muhafazakarları eyleme sürükleyen temel noktadır. Çeşitli sayısal verilere değinse de asıl olarak kavramsal eksende ilerleyen bu çalışmada öncelikle bu hareketlerin oluştuğu siyasal ve ekonomik çerçeve, neoliberalizm ve popülizm kavramlarına dair temel tespitlerle çizilecektir. Ardından ABD ve Avrupa’da hareketleri koordine eden kurum ve örgütler üzerinden eylemlerde öne çıkarılan özgürlük bağlamı incelenecektir. Piyasaların güvenliği ve kişisel özgürlük bağlamlarında küresel düzenin ana ekseni haline gelen neoliberalizm, toplumsal protestoların yeni hedef tahtası olmuştur. Muhafazakarlığın makul olma, liderler aracılığıyla yavaş bir değişim isteği bu eylemlerde, bu düşüncenin çok yatkın olmadığı radikal yöntemlerle daha keskin bir direnişe ve sadece yerel düzeyde değil küresel çapta bir eleştiriye dönüşmüştür. Burada, küreselleşme-karşıtı hareketteki gibi, hiyerarşik ya da sıkı bir örgütlenme içinde olmadan, taban oluşumlarının, sıradan insanın gündelik hayat dertlerine dair taleplerini ifade eden kendiliğinden oluşumların ve ona eşlik eden yeni birlikteliklerin kitlelerin eylem ve ifade biçimi olmaya başladığı görülebilir. Bu yeni eklemlenmelerin neoliberal işleyişin içinde yeni kırılmaları ifade etme ihtimali yüksektir.

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There are 67 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Yavuz Yıldırım 0000-0002-1031-1537

Early Pub Date December 20, 2021
Publication Date December 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 24 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yıldırım, Y. (2022). KARANTİNA VE AŞI KARŞITI PROTESTOLARDA ÖZGÜRLÜK TARTIŞMASI VE KÜRESEL SİSTEME MUHAFAZAKAR ELEŞTİRİLER: ABD VE AVRUPA’DAN ÖRNEKLER. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(2), 579-602. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.1113258
AMA Yıldırım Y. KARANTİNA VE AŞI KARŞITI PROTESTOLARDA ÖZGÜRLÜK TARTIŞMASI VE KÜRESEL SİSTEME MUHAFAZAKAR ELEŞTİRİLER: ABD VE AVRUPA’DAN ÖRNEKLER. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. December 2022;24(2):579-602. doi:10.26468/trakyasobed.1113258
Chicago Yıldırım, Yavuz. “KARANTİNA VE AŞI KARŞITI PROTESTOLARDA ÖZGÜRLÜK TARTIŞMASI VE KÜRESEL SİSTEME MUHAFAZAKAR ELEŞTİRİLER: ABD VE AVRUPA’DAN ÖRNEKLER”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24, no. 2 (December 2022): 579-602. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.1113258.
EndNote Yıldırım Y (December 1, 2022) KARANTİNA VE AŞI KARŞITI PROTESTOLARDA ÖZGÜRLÜK TARTIŞMASI VE KÜRESEL SİSTEME MUHAFAZAKAR ELEŞTİRİLER: ABD VE AVRUPA’DAN ÖRNEKLER. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24 2 579–602.
IEEE Y. Yıldırım, “KARANTİNA VE AŞI KARŞITI PROTESTOLARDA ÖZGÜRLÜK TARTIŞMASI VE KÜRESEL SİSTEME MUHAFAZAKAR ELEŞTİRİLER: ABD VE AVRUPA’DAN ÖRNEKLER”, Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 579–602, 2022, doi: 10.26468/trakyasobed.1113258.
ISNAD Yıldırım, Yavuz. “KARANTİNA VE AŞI KARŞITI PROTESTOLARDA ÖZGÜRLÜK TARTIŞMASI VE KÜRESEL SİSTEME MUHAFAZAKAR ELEŞTİRİLER: ABD VE AVRUPA’DAN ÖRNEKLER”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24/2 (December 2022), 579-602. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.1113258.
JAMA Yıldırım Y. KARANTİNA VE AŞI KARŞITI PROTESTOLARDA ÖZGÜRLÜK TARTIŞMASI VE KÜRESEL SİSTEME MUHAFAZAKAR ELEŞTİRİLER: ABD VE AVRUPA’DAN ÖRNEKLER. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2022;24:579–602.
MLA Yıldırım, Yavuz. “KARANTİNA VE AŞI KARŞITI PROTESTOLARDA ÖZGÜRLÜK TARTIŞMASI VE KÜRESEL SİSTEME MUHAFAZAKAR ELEŞTİRİLER: ABD VE AVRUPA’DAN ÖRNEKLER”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 2, 2022, pp. 579-02, doi:10.26468/trakyasobed.1113258.
Vancouver Yıldırım Y. KARANTİNA VE AŞI KARŞITI PROTESTOLARDA ÖZGÜRLÜK TARTIŞMASI VE KÜRESEL SİSTEME MUHAFAZAKAR ELEŞTİRİLER: ABD VE AVRUPA’DAN ÖRNEKLER. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2022;24(2):579-602.
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