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Hadrianopolis/Adrianopolis Şehrinin Geç Roma İmparatorluğu ve Bizans Dönemine Ait Şehir Kuruluş Hikayeleri

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 24, 63 - 74, 29.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.33207/trkede.1038464

Abstract

Milattan önce 8. yüzyıldan 6. yüzyıla kadar Yunan topluluklar Yunan anakarasından çıkıp Karadeniz’den İspanya’ya uzanan geniş bir coğrafyaya yayılarak buralarda şehirler kurdular. Arkaik (M.Ö. 640-480), Klasik (M.Ö. 5. yüzyıl-323) ve Helenistik (M.Ö. 323-31) dönemlerde, şehir devletleri kendilerine onur duyacakları bir kimlik yaratmakta şehri kuruluş (ktisis) hikayesi/efsanesi anlatılarından yararlandılar. Şehirlerin kurucu olarak adlandırdıkları kişiler (ktistes) şehrin ilk ve gerçek kurucusu olabileceği gibi, doğal bir felaket veya ihmalle yıkılmış bir yerleşimi yeniden inşa eden veya büyük ölçüde değiştiren veya en azından altyapıyı ve nüfusu değiştiren çok sayıda kişi de olabiliyordu. En seçkin kurucular, şehirlerin anlatmaktan asla bıkmadığı, onlara özel kurtuluş ve kuruluş bahşeden tanrılardı. Kurucu hiyerarşisinde tanrıları, farklı coğrafyalarda Yunan polisini kurmak için Helen/Yunan anavatanını terk eden mitolojik kahramanlar izlemekteydi.
Roma İmparatorluk döneminde antik Yunan dili, edebi modelleri ve antik kentlerin asil (eugeneia) köklerine hayranlık duyan “philhellene” Roma İmparatorları bu kuruluş efsaneleri aracılığı ile özellikle İmparatorluğun doğusundaki kentleri Roma politik ve kültürel yapısına entegre etmeye çalıştılar. Diğer yandan özellikle imparator Augustus (hük. M.Ö. 27-14) ile Severan Hanedanlığı (M.S. 193-235) arasındaki dönemde Roma imparatorları, kendilerini şehir kurucuları (ktistes) olarak takdim ederek, kurucusu olarak adlandırıldıkları şehirlere ayrıcalık ve onursal haklar tanıdılar. İmparator Augustus ve Hadrian (hük. M.S. 117-138) bu yerel hak ve ayrıcalıkları kurumsallaştırmaya çalıştılar. İstanbul’un 230 kilometre kuzeybatısında yer alan bugünkü adıyla Edirne şehrinin de Roma İmparatorluğu döneminde ortaya çıkan bir kuruluş hikayesi bulunmaktadır. Bu kuruluş hikayesi daha sonra 10. yüzyılda üç Bizans kroniğinde ve 14. yüzyılda bir Bizans şehitlik hikayesinde tekrar edilmiştir. Makale Hadrianopolis/ Adrianopolis şehrinin geç Roma İmparatorluğu ve Bizans dönemlerine ait kuruluş hikayelerine odaklanmaktadır.

References

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  • Hase, C.B. (ed.) (1828). Leonis Diaconi Caloënsis Historiae Libri Decem, Weber, Bonn.
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  • Murray, A.T. (ed. ve çev.) (1998). The Odyssey, Cilt 1, haz. G.E. Dimock, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
  • Oikonomides, N. (ed.) (1995). “Ἀκολουθία τοῦ ἁγίου Θεοδώρου τοῦ Νέου,” Neon Athenaion, 1, 205-221.
  • Sommerstein, A.H. (ed. ve çev.) (2008). Aeschylus. Oresteia. Agamemnon. Libation-Bearers. Eumenides, Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass.
  • Talbot, A.M. ve D.F. Sullivan (ed. ve çev.) (2005). The History of Leo the Deacon. Byzantine Military Expansion in the Tenth Century, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.
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  • Diller, A. (1950). “Excerpts from Strabo and Stephanus in Byzantine Chronicles,” Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, 81, 241-53.
  • Dougherty, C. (1994). “Archaic Greek Foundation Poetry: Questions of Genre and Occasion,” The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 114, 35-46.
  • Fine, J. (1991). The Early Medieval Balkans. A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
  • Flusin, B. Ve J.C. Cheynet (ed) (2017). Autour du “Premier humanisme byzantin”& des “Cinq études sur le XIe siècle”, quarante ans après Paul Lemerle. Travaux et mémoires, 21(2), Association des amis du Centre d’histoire et civilisation de Byzance, Paris.
  • Fryde, E. (2000). The Early Palaeologan Renaissance (1261-c.1360), Brill, Leiden.
  • Hansen, Mogens H. ve T. H. NIELSEN (2004), An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Heller, A. (2006). “Ἀρχαιότης et εὐγένεια. Le thème des origines dans les cités d’Asie Mineure à l’époque impériale,” Ktèma: civilisations de l’Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome antiques, 31, 97-108.
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  • Kitapçı Bayrı, B. (2020). Warriors, Martyrs, and Dervishes. Moving Frontiers, Shifting Identities in the Land of Rome (13th-15th Centuries), Brill, Leiden.
  • Kitapçı Bayrı, B. (2022). “Two Tales of A City: Adrianople/Edirne,” Plenary Session Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Byzantine Studies, 22-27 August 2022, Venice-Padua. Ca Foscari, Venedik (hazırlanıyor).
  • Külzer, A. (2008). Ostthrakien (Europe), Tabula Imperii Byzantini 12, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Viyana.
  • Lemerle, P. (1971). Le premier humanisme byzantin. Notes et remarques sur enseignement et culture à Byzance des origines au Xe siècle, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris.
  • Manafis, P. (2020). (Re)writing History in Byzantium. A Critical Study of Collections of Historical Excerpts, Routledge, Oxon.
  • Markopoulos, A. (2003). “Byzantine History Writing at the End of the First Millennium,” Ed. P. Magdalino, Byzantium in the Year 1000, Brill, Leiden, 189-197.
  • Markopoulos, A. (2009). “Genesius. A Study,” Ed. S. Kotzabassi ve G. Mavromatis, Realia Byzantina. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 137-150.
  • Nicol, D.M. (1999). The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261-1453, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Nollé, J. (2009). “Zu den Gründungstraditionen des thrakischen Hadrianopolis (Edirne),” Chiron 39, 101-161.
  • Pont, A.V. (2007). “L’empereur ‘fondateur’. Enquête sur les motifs de la reconnaissance civique,” Revue des études grecques, 120(2), 526-52.
  • SCHEER, T. S. (1993), Mythische Vorväter: zur Bedeutung griechischer Heroenmythen im Selbstverständnis kleinasiatischer Städte, Maris, Münih.
  • Ševčenko, I. (1984). “Palaeologan Renaissance”. Ed. W. Treadgold, Renaissances before the Renaissance. Cultural Revivals of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Kaliforniya, 144-171.
  • Soustal, P. (1991). Thrakien (Thrake, Rodope und Haimimontos). Tabula Imperii Byzantini 6. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Viyana.
  • Treadgold, W. (1984). “Macedonian Renaissance,” Ed. W. Treadgold, Renaissances before the Renaissance. Cultural Revivals of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Kaliforniya, 75-98.
  • Treadgold, W. (2013). The Middle Byzantine Historians, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
  • Van Tricht, F. (2014). “The Byzantino-Latin Principality of Adrianople and the Challenge of Feudalism (1204/6–ca.1227/28). Empire, Venice, and Local Autonomy,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 68, 325-342.
  • Zachariadou, E. (1970). “The Conquest of Adrianople by the Turks,” Studi veneziani, 12, 211-218.

The Late Imperial Roman and Byzantine Foundation Stories of Hadrianople/Adrianople

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 24, 63 - 74, 29.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.33207/trkede.1038464

Abstract

References

  • Temel Kaynaklar Bekker, I. (ed.) (1838). Theophanes Continuatus, Ioannes Cameniata, Symeon Magister, Georgius Monachus, Weber, Bonn.
  • Hase, C.B. (ed.) (1828). Leonis Diaconi Caloënsis Historiae Libri Decem, Weber, Bonn.
  • Kovacs, D. (ed. ve çev.) (1999). Euripides. Trojan Women. Iphigenia among the Taurians; Ion, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
  • Magie, D. (ed. ve çev.) (2000). Historia Augusta, Cilt 2, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
  • Murray, A.T. (ed. ve çev.) (1998). The Odyssey, Cilt 1, haz. G.E. Dimock, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
  • Oikonomides, N. (ed.) (1995). “Ἀκολουθία τοῦ ἁγίου Θεοδώρου τοῦ Νέου,” Neon Athenaion, 1, 205-221.
  • Sommerstein, A.H. (ed. ve çev.) (2008). Aeschylus. Oresteia. Agamemnon. Libation-Bearers. Eumenides, Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass.
  • Talbot, A.M. ve D.F. Sullivan (ed. ve çev.) (2005). The History of Leo the Deacon. Byzantine Military Expansion in the Tenth Century, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.
  • İkincil Kaynaklar Asdracha, C. (1976). La région de Rhodopes aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles. Étude de géographie historique, Verlag der byzantinisch-neugriechischen Jahrbücher, Atina.
  • Beldiceanu-Steinherr, I. (1965). “La conquéte d’Adrianople par les Turcs. La pénétration turque en Thrace et la valeur des chroniques ottomanes,” Travaux et mémoire, 1, 439-461.
  • Bilde, P. G. (2003), “Wandering Images. From Taurian (and Chersonesean) Parthenos to (Artemis) Tauropolos and (Artemis) Persike”, Ed. P. Guldager Bilde, J.M. Højte ve V.F. Stolba, The Cauldron of Ariantas. Studies Presented to A.N. Sceglov on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday, Aarhus University Press, Aarhus, 165-183.
  • Diller, A. (1938). “The Tradition of Stephanus Byzantius,” Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, 69, 333-348.
  • Diller, A. (1950). “Excerpts from Strabo and Stephanus in Byzantine Chronicles,” Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, 81, 241-53.
  • Dougherty, C. (1994). “Archaic Greek Foundation Poetry: Questions of Genre and Occasion,” The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 114, 35-46.
  • Fine, J. (1991). The Early Medieval Balkans. A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
  • Flusin, B. Ve J.C. Cheynet (ed) (2017). Autour du “Premier humanisme byzantin”& des “Cinq études sur le XIe siècle”, quarante ans après Paul Lemerle. Travaux et mémoires, 21(2), Association des amis du Centre d’histoire et civilisation de Byzance, Paris.
  • Fryde, E. (2000). The Early Palaeologan Renaissance (1261-c.1360), Brill, Leiden.
  • Hansen, Mogens H. ve T. H. NIELSEN (2004), An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Heller, A. (2006). “Ἀρχαιότης et εὐγένεια. Le thème des origines dans les cités d’Asie Mineure à l’époque impériale,” Ktèma: civilisations de l’Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome antiques, 31, 97-108.
  • İnalcık, H. (1965). “Edirne’nin Fethi, 1361,” Edirne: Edirne’nin 600. Fetih Yıldönümü Armağan Kitabı. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara, 137-159.
  • Kitapçı Bayrı, B. (2020). Warriors, Martyrs, and Dervishes. Moving Frontiers, Shifting Identities in the Land of Rome (13th-15th Centuries), Brill, Leiden.
  • Kitapçı Bayrı, B. (2022). “Two Tales of A City: Adrianople/Edirne,” Plenary Session Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Byzantine Studies, 22-27 August 2022, Venice-Padua. Ca Foscari, Venedik (hazırlanıyor).
  • Külzer, A. (2008). Ostthrakien (Europe), Tabula Imperii Byzantini 12, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Viyana.
  • Lemerle, P. (1971). Le premier humanisme byzantin. Notes et remarques sur enseignement et culture à Byzance des origines au Xe siècle, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris.
  • Manafis, P. (2020). (Re)writing History in Byzantium. A Critical Study of Collections of Historical Excerpts, Routledge, Oxon.
  • Markopoulos, A. (2003). “Byzantine History Writing at the End of the First Millennium,” Ed. P. Magdalino, Byzantium in the Year 1000, Brill, Leiden, 189-197.
  • Markopoulos, A. (2009). “Genesius. A Study,” Ed. S. Kotzabassi ve G. Mavromatis, Realia Byzantina. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 137-150.
  • Nicol, D.M. (1999). The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261-1453, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Nollé, J. (2009). “Zu den Gründungstraditionen des thrakischen Hadrianopolis (Edirne),” Chiron 39, 101-161.
  • Pont, A.V. (2007). “L’empereur ‘fondateur’. Enquête sur les motifs de la reconnaissance civique,” Revue des études grecques, 120(2), 526-52.
  • SCHEER, T. S. (1993), Mythische Vorväter: zur Bedeutung griechischer Heroenmythen im Selbstverständnis kleinasiatischer Städte, Maris, Münih.
  • Ševčenko, I. (1984). “Palaeologan Renaissance”. Ed. W. Treadgold, Renaissances before the Renaissance. Cultural Revivals of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Kaliforniya, 144-171.
  • Soustal, P. (1991). Thrakien (Thrake, Rodope und Haimimontos). Tabula Imperii Byzantini 6. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Viyana.
  • Treadgold, W. (1984). “Macedonian Renaissance,” Ed. W. Treadgold, Renaissances before the Renaissance. Cultural Revivals of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Kaliforniya, 75-98.
  • Treadgold, W. (2013). The Middle Byzantine Historians, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
  • Van Tricht, F. (2014). “The Byzantino-Latin Principality of Adrianople and the Challenge of Feudalism (1204/6–ca.1227/28). Empire, Venice, and Local Autonomy,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 68, 325-342.
  • Zachariadou, E. (1970). “The Conquest of Adrianople by the Turks,” Studi veneziani, 12, 211-218.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Buket Kitapçı-bayrı 0000-0002-5037-1999

Early Pub Date July 29, 2022
Publication Date July 29, 2022
Submission Date December 19, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 24

Cite

APA Kitapçı-bayrı, B. (2022). Hadrianopolis/Adrianopolis Şehrinin Geç Roma İmparatorluğu ve Bizans Dönemine Ait Şehir Kuruluş Hikayeleri. Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(24), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.33207/trkede.1038464