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Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students with Writing Difficulties
Abstract
This study examines the spelling errors and handwriting legibility of primary school students from Turkish and Syrian backgrounds who experience writing difficulties in the Turkish language. A total of 30 third- and fourth-grade students, 15 Turkish and 15 Syrian-origin, were assessed through dictation and copying tasks using the Multidimensional Legibility Scale and the Spelling Error Form. While no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of spelling errors or legibility, subtle differences in error patterns were observed. Syrian-origin students exhibited more frequent vowel confusion, potentially due to the phonetic and structural differences between Arabic and Turkish. Both groups demonstrated common writing issues, including letter omission, confusion, and inconsistent spacing. The study also found that female students performed better than male students in legibility, suggesting gender-related differences in fine motor skills. Additionally, Syrian students exhibited slower writing speeds compared to their Turkish peers, likely due to cognitive and linguistic factors related to bilingualism. These findings underline the importance of early intervention, individualized teaching strategies, and a focus on both cognitive and motor skills in addressing writing difficulties. The study concludes by recommending targeted support for bilingual students, with attention to both linguistic and developmental needs to enhance their academic outcomes.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
The authors acknowledge that all procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of Erzincan Binali Yildirim University Human Research Educational Sciences Ethics Committee (Date: 23/09/2024; Protocol No: 14/08) and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Special Education and Disability (Other)
Journal Section
Research Article
Early Pub Date
November 12, 2025
Publication Date
December 8, 2025
Submission Date
September 26, 2025
Acceptance Date
November 5, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2025 Volume: 7 Number: 2
APA
Daas, G., & Aydın, O. (2025). Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students with Writing Difficulties. Turkish Journal of Special Education Research and Practice, 7(2), 19-41. https://doi.org/10.37233/trsped.drr.1791447
AMA
1.Daas G, Aydın O. Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students with Writing Difficulties. TRSPED. 2025;7(2):19-41. doi:10.37233/trsped.drr.1791447
Chicago
Daas, Gadir, and Orhan Aydın. 2025. “Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility Among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students With Writing Difficulties”. Turkish Journal of Special Education Research and Practice 7 (2): 19-41. https://doi.org/10.37233/trsped.drr.1791447.
EndNote
Daas G, Aydın O (December 1, 2025) Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students with Writing Difficulties. Turkish Journal of Special Education Research and Practice 7 2 19–41.
IEEE
[1]G. Daas and O. Aydın, “Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students with Writing Difficulties”, TRSPED, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 19–41, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.37233/trsped.drr.1791447.
ISNAD
Daas, Gadir - Aydın, Orhan. “Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility Among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students With Writing Difficulties”. Turkish Journal of Special Education Research and Practice 7/2 (December 1, 2025): 19-41. https://doi.org/10.37233/trsped.drr.1791447.
JAMA
1.Daas G, Aydın O. Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students with Writing Difficulties. TRSPED. 2025;7:19–41.
MLA
Daas, Gadir, and Orhan Aydın. “Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility Among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students With Writing Difficulties”. Turkish Journal of Special Education Research and Practice, vol. 7, no. 2, Dec. 2025, pp. 19-41, doi:10.37233/trsped.drr.1791447.
Vancouver
1.Gadir Daas, Orhan Aydın. Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students with Writing Difficulties. TRSPED. 2025 Dec. 1;7(2):19-41. doi:10.37233/trsped.drr.1791447