Araştırma Makalesi

Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students with Writing Difficulties

Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2 8 Aralık 2025
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Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students with Writing Difficulties

Öz

This study examines the spelling errors and handwriting legibility of primary school students from Turkish and Syrian backgrounds who experience writing difficulties in the Turkish language. A total of 30 third- and fourth-grade students, 15 Turkish and 15 Syrian-origin, were assessed through dictation and copying tasks using the Multidimensional Legibility Scale and the Spelling Error Form. While no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of spelling errors or legibility, subtle differences in error patterns were observed. Syrian-origin students exhibited more frequent vowel confusion, potentially due to the phonetic and structural differences between Arabic and Turkish. Both groups demonstrated common writing issues, including letter omission, confusion, and inconsistent spacing. The study also found that female students performed better than male students in legibility, suggesting gender-related differences in fine motor skills. Additionally, Syrian students exhibited slower writing speeds compared to their Turkish peers, likely due to cognitive and linguistic factors related to bilingualism. These findings underline the importance of early intervention, individualized teaching strategies, and a focus on both cognitive and motor skills in addressing writing difficulties. The study concludes by recommending targeted support for bilingual students, with attention to both linguistic and developmental needs to enhance their academic outcomes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etik Beyan

The authors acknowledge that all procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of Erzincan Binali Yildirim University Human Research Educational Sciences Ethics Committee (Date: 23/09/2024; Protocol No: 14/08) and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Kaynakça

  1. Abed, S. N., Abbas, D. M., & Dawood, I. (2023). Lifetime prevalence of dysgraphia and associated family environment characteristics in primary schools. International Journal of Public Health Science, 12(3), 1243–1248. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v12i3.22526
  2. Akçin, N. (2009). Öğrenme güçlüğü gösteren çocukların yazma sürecinde gösterdiği özellikler. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(29), 5–18. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1820
  3. Albirini, A. (2016). Modern Arabic sociolinguistics: Diglossia, variation, codeswitching, attitudes and identity. Routledge.
  4. Alkan, G., & Başar, M. (2020). Disgrafili öğrencilerin yazma hatalarının incelenmesi. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 49(227), 371–388. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/milliegitim/issue/56322/703398
  5. August, D., & Shanahan, T. (Eds.). (2017). Developing literacy in second-language learners: Report of the National Literacy Panel on Language-Minority Children and Youth. Routledge.
  6. Berninger, V. W., & Amtmann, D. (2003). Preventing written expression disabilities through early and continuing assessment and intervention for handwriting and/or spelling problems: Research into practice. In B. K. Shapiro, R. B. Raskind, & M. Katzir (Eds.), Reading and writing difficulties: Theories, diagnosis, and intervention, 217–247. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  7. Berninger, V. W., & Graham, S. (1998). Language by hand: A synthesis of a decade of research on handwriting. Handwriting Review, 12, 11–25. https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1573105975557633664
  8. Berninger, V. W., & Richards, T. L. (2010). Inter-relationships among behavioral markers, genes, brain and treatment in dyslexia and dysgraphia. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2010(127), 31–54. https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl.10.22

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Özel Eğitim ve Engelli Eğitimi (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

12 Kasım 2025

Yayımlanma Tarihi

8 Aralık 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

26 Eylül 2025

Kabul Tarihi

5 Kasım 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Daas, G., & Aydın, O. (2025). Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students with Writing Difficulties. Turkish Journal of Special Education Research and Practice, 7(2), 19-41. https://doi.org/10.37233/trsped.drr.1791447
AMA
1.Daas G, Aydın O. Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students with Writing Difficulties. TRSPED. 2025;7(2):19-41. doi:10.37233/trsped.drr.1791447
Chicago
Daas, Gadir, ve Orhan Aydın. 2025. “Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students with Writing Difficulties”. Turkish Journal of Special Education Research and Practice 7 (2): 19-41. https://doi.org/10.37233/trsped.drr.1791447.
EndNote
Daas G, Aydın O (01 Aralık 2025) Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students with Writing Difficulties. Turkish Journal of Special Education Research and Practice 7 2 19–41.
IEEE
[1]G. Daas ve O. Aydın, “Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students with Writing Difficulties”, TRSPED, c. 7, sy 2, ss. 19–41, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.37233/trsped.drr.1791447.
ISNAD
Daas, Gadir - Aydın, Orhan. “Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students with Writing Difficulties”. Turkish Journal of Special Education Research and Practice 7/2 (01 Aralık 2025): 19-41. https://doi.org/10.37233/trsped.drr.1791447.
JAMA
1.Daas G, Aydın O. Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students with Writing Difficulties. TRSPED. 2025;7:19–41.
MLA
Daas, Gadir, ve Orhan Aydın. “Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students with Writing Difficulties”. Turkish Journal of Special Education Research and Practice, c. 7, sy 2, Aralık 2025, ss. 19-41, doi:10.37233/trsped.drr.1791447.
Vancouver
1.Gadir Daas, Orhan Aydın. Comparative Analysis of Spelling Errors and Handwriting Legibility among Turkish and Syrian Refugee Primary School Students with Writing Difficulties. TRSPED. 01 Aralık 2025;7(2):19-41. doi:10.37233/trsped.drr.1791447