Çeviri: Akademi'nin kalbi: Orta Çağ üniversiteleri, ders kitapları ve akademik kütüphanelerin doğuşu

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 91 - 122, 24.05.2022

Christopher L. Proctor Translator: Berna Ünal

https://doi.org/10.17497/tuhed.1056811

Abstract

Modern Akademik Kütüphane, üniversitelerin öğretme ve öğrenme misyonlarında çok önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu merkeziyet, belki de en iyi "Kütüphane üniversitenin kalbidir." söylemiyle örneklendirilebilir. Ama bu, Yüksek Orta Çağ'da üniversitelerin başlangıcından beridir hep böyle miydi? Bu soruyu cevaplamak için, ilerleyen tartışma Orta çağ dünyasında üniversitelerin kuruluşunu, okullaşmalarını ve pedagojilerini bilgilendiren yazısal gelenekleri ve daha sonra üniversite ve kolej sisteminde akademik kütüphanelerin doğuşunu inceliyor. Yazar, akademik kütüphanenin yükselişinin kaçınılmaz olmadığını, daha ziyade her biri kütüphanenin nihai gelişimine katkıda bulunan sayısız makro ve mikro düzey kuvvetin etkileşiminin ürünü olduğunu göstermeye çalışıyor. Bunu başarmak için, orta çağ akademik kütüphanelerinin ortaya çıkışını çevreleyen fenomenler, Robert Darnton'un Communion Circuit (İletişim Devresi) modelinin bir uyarlaması içine yerleştirilmiştir. Yazarın umudu, mesleğin tarihi hakkında daha iyi bir anlayışa sahip olmanın, mevcut kütüphane ve bilgi bilimi profesyonellerinin daha sağlam mesleki kimlikler ve daha derin uygulama felsefelerinin gelişimine olanak sağlamaktır.

Keywords

kütüphane tarihi , akademik kütüphaneler , Orta Çağ üniversiteleri , iletişim devresi , öğrenme ve öğretme

Translation: The heart of academia: Medieval universities, textbooks and the birth of academic libraries

Abstract

The contemporary academic library occupies a crucial role in the teaching and learning mission of universities. This centrality is perhaps best exemplified by the popular saying that the library is the heart of the university. But has this always been the case since the inception of universities in the High Middle Ages? To help answer this question, the following discussion traces the creation of universities within the medieval world, the textual traditions that informed their scholarship and pedagogy, and the later birth of academic libraries within the college and university system. The author
attempts to demonstrate that the rise of academic libraries was not inevitable but, rather, the product of the interplay of myriad macro- and microlevel forces, each contributing to the library’s eventual development. To accomplish this, the phenomena surrounding the emergence of medieval academic
libraries are embedded within an adaptation of Robert Darnton’s model, the Communications Circuit.It is the hope of the author that having a better sense of the history of the profession will allow current library and information science professionals to develop more robust professional identities and deeper philosophies of practice.

Keywords

library history , academic libraries , medieval universities , communications circuit , learning and scholarship

References

• Bassett, T. J. (2017). Circulating libraries in the Victorian Era. English and Linguistics Faculty. https://search-ebscohost com.proxyse.uits.iu.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsbas&AN=edsbas.E1CBAE0B&site =eds-live
• Bennett, J. M. ve Bardsley, S. (2021). Medieval Europe: A short history. Oxford: Oxford University.
• Bodleian Libraries. History of the Bodleian. Erişim (01.06.2021): https://visit.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/plan-your-visit/history-bodleian
• Burke, P. (2001). Bilginin toplumsal tarihi, (M. Tuncay, Çev.). İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt.
• Campbell, J. W., Pryce, W. (2013). The library: A world history. Chicago: University of Chicago.
• Can, Ş. (2020). Klasik yunan mitolojisi. İstanbul: Ötüken.
• Carr, D. (2003). The promise of cultural institutions. New York: Altamira.
• Darnton, R. (1982). What is the history of books? Daedalus, 111(3), s.65-83. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mzh&AN=2016701157&site=e ds-live
• Eruz, S. (2013). Akademik çeviri eğitimi ve şiir çevirisi. S. U. Ünalan, N. T. Polat ve M. T. Öncü (Edt.), Von Generation zu Generation: Germanistik (s. 107-120). İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi.
• Gieysztor, A. (2003). Management and resources. W. Rüegg (Edt.), In A History of the University in Europe: Universities in the Middle Ages (s. 108-143). Cambridge: Cambridge University.
• Günal, S. (2006). Yükseköğretimde yönetim sorunları. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
• Harris, M. H. (1995). History of libraries in the western world. Metuchen: The Scarecrow.
• Haskins, C. H. (1962). The rise of universities. Ithaca: Great Seal Books Cornell University.
• Haskins, G. L. (1941). The University of Oxford and the'Ius ubique docendi. English Historical Review, 56(222), s.281-292.
• Himmelfarb, G. (1997). Revolution in the library. The American Scholar 66(2), s.197-204. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=edsglr&AN=edsglr.A19506098 &site=eds-live
• Irwin, R. (1966). The English library: Sources and history. London: George Allen & Unwin.
• Janin, H. (2008). The university in Medieval Life: 1179-1499. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co.
• Leupp, H. L. (1924). The library the heart of the university. Bulletin of the American Library Association, 18, s. 193-197. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25686302
• Lovatt, R. (2006). College and university book collections and libraries. E. L. Green (Edt.), In The Cambridge History of Libraries in Britain and Ireland: To 1640, (s. 152-177). Cambridge: Cambridge University.
• Nardi, P. (2003). Relations with authority. W. Rüegg (Edt.), In A History of the University in Europe: Universities in the Middle Ages, (s. 77-107). Cambridge: Cambridge University.
• Pecia System. (t.y.). Oxford reference. Erişim (29.11.2021): https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100313361.
• Pedersen, O. (2009). The first universities: studium generale and the origins of university education in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
• Petroski, H. (1999). The book on the shelf. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
• Pirenne, H. (1956). Medieval cities. Garden City: Doubleday Anchor Books.
• Proctor, C. (2021). The Heart of Academia: Medieval Universities, Textbooks and the Birth of Academic Libraries.
• Proctor, C., Courtney B. ve Hughes, M. (2021). Disaster librarianship: Reflections on teaching and learning from the heart of the campus. Journal of Teaching and Learning with Technology, 10(1), s. 306-320. https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/jotlt/article/view/31289
• Reiter, E. H. (1998). Masters, students, and their books in the Late Medieval German Universities. Paedagogica Historica, 34(2), s. 389-401.
• Rüegg, W. (2003). A history of the university in europe: Universities in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
• Shailor, B. A. (1994). The Medieval book. Toronto: University of Toronto.
• Schwinges, R. C. (2003). Student education, student life. W. Rüegg (Edt.), In A History of the University in Europe: Universities in the Middle Ages, (s. 195-243). Cambridge: Cambridge University.
• Öztürk, G. (2017). Sözlü iletişimden matbaaya: İletişim devrimleri ve toplum. The Turkish Online Journal Of Design, Art and Communication, 7(2), s. 320.
• Verger, J. (2003). Patterns. W. Rüegg (Edt.), In A History of the University in Europe: Universities in the Middle Ages, (s. 35-74). Cambridge: Cambridge University.
• Verger, J. (2003). Teachers. W. Rüegg (Edt.), In A History of the University in Europe: Universities in the Middle Ages, (s. 144-168). Cambridge: Cambridge University. Wagner, D. L. (1986). The Seven Liberal Arts in the Middle Ages. Bloomington: Indiana University.
• Westfall, C. (1969). Painting and the liberal arts: Alberti's view. Journal of the History of Ideas, 30(4), s. 487-506.
• Yanardağ, A. (2020). Üniversitenin kuruluş felsefesi ve dini temelleri. Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences, 23, s. 107-118.
• Zeybekoğlu, A. (2009). Carl Schmitt’in 20. Yüzyıl devlet ve siyaset kuramına katkısı. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.