Central government is in a position that the transformation of the overall education system, curriculum and educational methods, both the format and contents of the course books studied by students had to be changed as part of the Western style reform movement during the period of Sultan Abdulhamid the Second. One could hardly expect that the course books written in line with the mentality shaped up since Tanzimat period to accommodate the content and style that is indifferent to the general education mentality based on political-militaryeconomic pragmatism principles in keeping with the period in question. In this respect the main issue of the study is to identify the ways in which the political economic goals are reflected in the course books of the period where such goals were primarily based on the strengthening of the patrimonial state mentality through the promotion of a sense of patriotism and the * Söz konusu çalışma, 25-27 Haziran 2014 tarihleri arasında Sakarya Üniversitesi’nde gerçekleştirilen Uluslararası Tarih Eğitimi Sempozyumu’nda sunulan bildirinin genişletilmiş halidir. ** Doç. Dr., Marmara Üniversitesi, Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi, İlköğretim Bölümü. E-posta: arzu.nurdogan@marmara.edu.tr development of industrial/agricultural economy through raising productive individuals. Considering the strong connection between the educational institutions and society, and politics and culture, the main goal of the present study is to establish how the political regime was being perceived in the primary school course books written during the reign of the Sultan Abdulhamid the Second (1876-1909), and how the ruler and an acceptable individual was being described in an age where the empire was being disintegrated and in a state of utter backwardness.
Sultan II. Abdülhamid döneminde eğitim sisteminde, müfredatta ve eğitim tekniklerindeki değişim/dönüşümlerin yanısıra okutulan ders kitaplarında da hem biçim/format hem de içerik açısından farklılaşmaya gidilmesi zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Tanzimat yıllarından itibaren yeniden yapılandırma süreci içerisine dahil edilen ilköğretim anlayışı doğrultusunda kaleme alınan ders kitaplarının, siyasal–askeri–ekonomik yararcılık ilkelerine dayalı genel eğitim anlayışından farklı bir üslup ve içerikte telif edilmediği söylenebilir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın temel problemi; siyasal hedefin; vatanseverlik duygusu kazandırılarak patrimonyal devlet anlayışının güçlendirilmesi ve ekonomik hedefin; üretken bireyler yetiştirilerek endüstriyel/tarımsal kalkınmanın gerçekleştirilmesi şeklinde belirlendiği bir dönemde bunların ders kitaplarına yansıtılma şeklini ortaya koymaktır. Eğitim kurumları ile toplum, siyaset ve kültür arasındaki güçlü irtibatın bilinci doğrultusunda Sultan II. Abdülhamid devrinde (1876-1909) kaleme alınan ilköğretim ders kitaplarında; siyasi rejimin nasıl algılandığını, devletin içinde bulunduğu dağılma ve geri kalmışlık sürecinde hükümdar ve makbul bireyin tanımlarının ne şekilde yapıldığını ortaya koymak araştırmanın temel hedefidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Sultan II. Abdülhamid, Ders Kitapları, İlköğretim, Saltanat, Ahlâk, Vatan, Tarih Öğretimi
COURSE BOOKS and HISTORY EDUCATION in the ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS DURING the REIGN of ABDULHAMID II
Abstract: Central government is in a position that the transformation of the overall education system, curriculum and educational methods, both the format and contents of the course books studied by students had to be changed as part of the Western style reform movement during the period of Sultan Abdulhamid the Second. One could hardly expect that the course books written in line with the mentality shaped up since Tanzimat period to accommodate the content and style that is indifferent to the general education mentality based on political-military-economic pragmatism principles in keeping with the period in question. In this respect the main issue of the study is to identify the ways in which the political economic goals are reflected in the course books of the period where such goals were primarily based on the strengthening of the patrimonial state mentality through the promotion of a sense of patriotism and the development of industrial/agricultural economy through raising productive individuals. Considering the strong connection between the educational institutions and society, and politics and culture, the main goal of the present study is to establish how the political regime was being perceived in the primary school course books written during the reign of the Sultan Abdulhamid the Second (1876-1909), and how the ruler and an acceptable individual was being described in an age where the empire was being disintegrated and in a state of utter backwardness.
Keywords : Abdülhamid II, Course Books, Elementary Education, Reign, Ethics, Homeland, History Education
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Research & Theoretical Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | October 20, 2014 |
Submission Date | October 20, 2014 |
Published in Issue | Year 2014 Volume: 3 Issue: 2 |
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