From the beginning of the 1960s until the collapse
of the USSR, the official historiography of the Soviet Union and the history
textbooks of Azerbaijan, which were studied in Azerbaijan, were to reveal the
approach of the Müsavatists and the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan. In this
study, the ”general screening model“ and ”document analysis“ technique was
used. In the research, a three-volume study on the History of Azerbaijan, which
was published by the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan SSR, and a sample of
history textbooks which were taught in Azerbaijan between 1960-1990, reflecting
the official view of the Soviet Union until the fall of the USSR, were studied.
At the end of the research, it was understood that the Soviet official
historiography approached the historical events and processes of Azerbaijan
between 1917-1920 in the form of struggles between Bolsheviks and foreign
imperialists. Thus, while the Bolsheviks are bigger than the role they play in
Azerbaijan's history, the role of the Musavat Party, the representative of the
Azerbaijani national movement, is reduced to the role of collaborator of the
foreign occupiers who are trying to prevent the Azerbaijani people's freedom
movement and its historical role and importance are overlooked and worthless.
The Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan is considered as the government of the
bourgeois and big landowners, and the national policies applied are evaluated
and criticized as reactions of reaction, counterrevolution, and Ottomanization.
The approach style of Soviet historiography mentioned above very briefly
against the Musavat and the Azerbaijani Democratic Republic is also reflected
in the history textbooks taught in the USSR.
USSR Azerbaijan SSC Musavat Party Democratic Republic Of Azerbaijan Marxist History Approach Soviet Historiography
1960’lı
yılların başlarından itibaren Sovyet resmi tarihçiliğinin ve yine aynı dönemde
Azerbaycan’da okutulan tarih ders kitaplarının 20. yüzyıl Azerbaycan milli
tarihinde önemli bir yere sahip olan Müsavatçılara ve Azerbaycan Demokratik
Cumhuriyeti’ne yaklaşımını ortaya koymayı amaçlayan bu araştırmada “genel
tarama modeli” ve “doküman analizi” tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada
yayınlandığı yıldan, SSCB’nin yıkılışına kadar geçen dönemde Sovyet resmi
bakışını yansıtan bir eser olma özelliği taşıyan ve Azerbaycan SSC İlimler
Akademisi tarafından yayınlanan üç ciltlik “Azerbaycan Tarihi” isimli eser ve
1960-1980 yılları arasında Azerbaycan’da okutulan tarih ders kitaplarından
oluşturulan bir örneklem üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda Sovyet resmi
tarihçiliğinin Azerbaycan’ın 1917-1920 yılları arasındaki tarihsel olay ve
süreçlere genel olarak Bolşeviklerle yabancı emperyalistler arasındaki
mücadeleler şeklinde yaklaştığı anlaşılmıştır. Böylece söz konusu dönemde
Bolşeviklerin gücü ve Azerbaycan tarihinde oynadıkları rol olduğundan daha
büyük gösterilirken, Azerbaycan milli hareketinin temsilcisi Müsavat
Partisi’nin rolü ise Azerbaycan halkının özgürlük hareketini engellemeye
çalışan yabancı işgalcilerin işbirlikçisi konumuna indirgenerek tarihsel rolü
ve önemi gözden kaçırılmakta ve değersizleştirilmektedir. Azerbaycan Demokratik
Cumhuriyeti de burjuva ve büyük toprak sahiplerinin hükümeti olarak
nitelendirilmekte, uyguladığı politikalar ise irtica, karşıdevrim ve
Osmanlılaştırma hareketleri olarak görülmekte ve eleştirilmektedir. Sovyet
tarihçiliğinin Müsavatçılara ve Azerbaycan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti’ne karşı
yaklaşımı SSCB’de okutulan tarih ders kitaplarına da aynen yansıtılmıştır.
SSCB Azerbaycan SSC Müsavat Partisi Azerbaycan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti Marksist Tarih Anlayışı Sovyet Tarihyazımı
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Research & Theoretical Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | May 22, 2019 |
Submission Date | April 17, 2019 |
Acceptance Date | May 22, 2019 |
Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 8 Issue: 1 |
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