An Evaluation of the Security Community Approach as a Pre-Constructivist Interation Theory

Year 2022, Volume: 53, 71 - 95, 26.12.2022

Ömer Faruk Sarı

Abstract

Ön İnşacı Bir Bütünleşme Teorisi Olarak Güvenlik Topluluğu Yaklaşımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Karl W. Deutsch ve ekibi tarafından II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası dönemde genel bir bütünleşme teorisi oluşturma iddiasıyla ortaya atılan ve özü itibarıyla İnşacılığın bir öncülü olan Güvenlik Topluluğu Yaklaşımı ele alınmıştır. Bütünleşmeyi açıklamada transaksiyonalist çerçeveyi ve “kolektif kimlik” değişkenini kullanan Yaklaşım, Soğuk Savaş’ın bitişiyle İnşacı Teorinin gündeme güçlü biçimde gelmesine kadar diğer bütünleşme teorileri kadar ilgi görmemiştir. Yeni dönemde İnşacı revizyon ile açıklayıcılığı güçlendirilen ve literatürde daha fazla konu edinilen Yaklaşım, ne var ki İnşacı ontolojisine rağmen “kolektif kimlik” değişkenine bütünleşme olgusu içerisinde yapısal belirleyici bir rol yüklemeye devam etmiştir. Bu çalışma, söz konusu değişkenin İnşacı literatürde son dönemde yer edinen “kolektif kimliklendirme” kavramı ile değiştirilmesinin Yaklaşımın tutarlılığını ve açıklayıcı gücünü güçlendireceğini ve bütünleşme çalışmalarında sıklıkla yer verilen “güvenlik topluluğu” kavramı kadar Yaklaşımın öngördüğü bütünleşme modelinin de ilgi görebileceğini iddia etmektedir.

Keywords

Karl W. Deutsch, bütünleşme, transaksiyonalizm, inşacılık, çoğulcu güvenlik topluluğu, kolektif kimlik, kimliklendirme.

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