AUTHOR GUIDE
1. Publication Principles
a. UDEKAD (International Journal of Language, Literature and Cultural Studies) is an international peer-reviewed journal published four times a year, excluding special issues.

b. UDEKAD (International Journal of Language, Literature and Cultural Studies) is a journal that publishes articles on language, literature and cultural studies.

c. Originality and contribution to the field are criteria sought in the studies.

d. Members submitting articles to our journal must include their ORCID number in their user credentials.

e. Articles submitted to UDEKAD must not have been previously published anywhere, submitted for evaluation to another journal, or accepted for publication.

f. Those wishing to submit articles for publication in UDEKAD must send their work only via https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/journal/2547/submission/step/manuscript/new.

g. Unless otherwise decided by the Editorial Board, articles with abstracts shorter than 130 words or longer than 200 words, and main texts shorter than 2,200 words or longer than 6,000 words will not be considered for evaluation.

h. Along with the articles, a similarity report obtained from http://www.ithenticate.com/ (no filtering should be applied, including quotations and references, and this should be visible at the end of the report) must also be uploaded as an additional file. (If the affiliated university has an iThenticate subscription, a similarity report can be obtained free of charge from the aforementioned site).

i. Adding any article to UDEKAD's electronic system is considered an application for publication, and the article's evaluation process begins. No copyright fee is paid for articles.

j. UDEKAD is an electronic journal. Therefore, all processes from the submission of the application to the publication of the article take place electronically.

k. Authors retain the copyright to their works published in the journal, and their works are published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) licence.

l. Any legal, judicial, economic, and ethical responsibility that may arise from articles submitted to UDEKAD belongs to the authors, even if the article is published. The journal does not accept any liability.

m. The language of publication for UDEKAD is Turkish. However, articles submitted in English and Russian are also evaluated and published if deemed appropriate by the reviewers. For articles submitted in English, the final proofreading must be carried out by independent institutions/organisations at the authors' expense, and a document certifying that the final proofreading has been carried out (a verifiable coded certificate) must be uploaded to the system. This is not required from researchers whose field is in English, but the responsibility for the language remains theirs.

n. The article template in the Forms tab must be used for articles to be uploaded to the article tracking system. At the beginning of the article, there should be a Turkish and English abstract of no more than 200 words, 3-5 keywords, and a Turkish and English title. The Turkish and English abstracts should reflect the purpose, scope, and results of the study and enable the reader to quickly determine the content of the article. Articles written in a foreign language should include a title, abstract, and keywords in the language of the article, in addition to Turkish and English. Care should be taken to ensure that there are no language errors in the abstracts in foreign languages. References to sources used, figures, and table numbers should not be included in the abstract. The abstract should be written in 10-point font. Abstracts and keywords should comply with international standards. Sources such as the "TR Index Key Terms List, Medical Subject Headings, CAB Thesaurus, JISCT, ERIC, etc." can be used as examples in this regard.

o. The title should be consistent with the content and best express it. It should be centred in 12-point bold type, without paragraph indentation. Care should be taken to keep the title as short as possible.

p. Headings within the article should be in bold, with only the first letter of each word capitalised, flush left and right without indentation, and no other formatting should be used.

q. The main text should be written using an IBM-compatible computer and Microsoft Word software, not exceeding 6000 words.

r. An article should contain, in order: title, abstract, keywords, sections of the main text, an extended abstract in English (after the article has been accepted), references, and (if applicable) appendices. The "Introduction" and "Conclusion" sections must be included. The "Conclusion" should be appropriate to the purpose and scope of the research and should be presented in outline form and as a summary. The article should be prepared in accordance with valid scientific methods, and information such as the subject, purpose, scope, and rationale for the study should be provided in sufficient detail and in a specific order. Matters not mentioned in the text should not be included in the "Conclusion". Main, intermediate, and subheadings may be used to ensure a specific order.

s. After the article has been accepted for publication, an English extended abstract (comprising 750-1000 words) should be included, representing approximately 5-15% of the article following the results section. The extended abstract should contain information about the research objectives, problem, methods, findings, and conclusions, as in the abstract. This is important for your article to be cited abroad. It should not contain any findings or results not included in the research text. The extended abstract should not contain references to information in the text (e.g., as stated on page 2 of ; as mentioned in the introduction, etc.). Extended abstracts are not required for articles written in English.

t. For studies supported by a research institution/organisation (BAP, TÜBİTAK, Ministry of Development, etc.), the name of the institution/organisation and the project, if applicable, along with the date and number, must be indicated to the editor as a note. When the article is accepted, this information should be added to the text.

u. Studies produced from conference/symposium papers and Master's theses will not be considered for publication in the journal. Nevertheless, if such a submission is made, the article will be rejected outright. Submissions sent to the Editors without prior notification (even if the process is successful) will be rejected at the publication stage.

v. At least one of the researchers submitting work to the journal is expected to hold a doctoral degree. Doctoral students may only submit work to the journal that they have co-authored with their supervisors.

y. Book reviews and translations must include a title, keywords, abstract, and their English equivalents. Book reviews must include the cover image and bibliographic details (publication date, edition number, place of publication) at the beginning of the text. Translations must include the bibliographic details of the translated book/publication in a footnote. In book reviews, it is expected that the researcher writing the review and the author of the work under review are in the same field.

w. Articles that do not follow our journal's rules for citations and references will not be accepted for review unless they are corrected.

z. Researchers who have submitted an article to the journal and had their work published must wait at least one year or three issues before submitting another work.

2. Writing Rules
a. Articles should be written in Microsoft Word and the page layout should be as follows: The format used for referencing is APA (American Psychological Association) Style 7th Edition. Both in quotations and in the references section, authors should follow the writing rules and format specified in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association published by the American Psychological Association.

b. If a special font is used in the text, the font file must also be submitted along with the text.

c. Hyphenation should not be used at the end of lines. The "ENTER" or "RETURN" key should be used instead of the "TAB" key at the beginning of paragraphs. Punctuation marks should be written adjacent to the preceding words. A single space should be left after these marks.

d. Details such as page numbers, headers, and footers should not be included in the text. Footnotes are used only for mandatory explanations and are automatically generated using the "FOOTNOTE" command. References here should also be formatted in parentheses with the author's surname, year of publication, and page number. Example: (Kaya, 2000, p. 15). Works cited in footnotes must be included in the bibliography.

e. Quotations: Direct quotations in the article should be enclosed in quotation marks, and the source should be indicated in parentheses at the end of the quotation according to APA 7 rules. Quotations of fewer than five lines should be included within the sentence, while quotations longer than five lines should be presented in a block format without quotation marks, indented 1 cm from the left and right margins of the page and with a 0.5 cm line indentation, in 10-point font.

f. Images should be bright and sharp (high contrast). The rules given for figures should also be followed. Figures, tables and photographs should not extend beyond the writing area; if necessary, each should be placed on a separate page. Figures and tables should be numbered and named according to their content. Numbers and titles should be written with only the first letter of each word capitalised, below figures and above tables. Tables should be created using the table command in the "WORD" programme. In exceptional circumstances, "EXCEL" tables may be used. Where necessary, explanatory footnotes or abbreviations should be provided immediately below the figures and tables. Figures, tables and images should not exceed ten pages.

g. If abbreviations are used, those specified in the Turkish Language Association's Spelling Guide should be used.

h. The APA 7 citation system should be used in the article. A bibliography must be included at the end of the article. Every citation made in the text should be included in the bibliography, and every source included in the bibliography should be mentioned in the text. Sources that are not used or cited in the text should not be included in the bibliography.

Article file format specifications must comply with the following rules:
Paper Size: A4 Portrait

All Margins: 2.5 cm

Font: Times New Roman

Font Style Normal: Font Size (normal text) 12

Font Size (footnote text): 10

Table/graph: 10, single line spacing
Table Header: 10, first 6 pt then 0; table number bold/bold header name normal font style

Paragraph Indent (First Line): 1 cm

Paragraph Spacing: 6 pt before, 0 pt after (0 pt before and after in tables and graphs)

Line Spacing: Multiple (multi) 1.15

References: Hanging and indent 0.63 cm, Alignment: Justified, Spacing before 6 pt, after 0 pt, line spacing Multiple (multiple) 1.15 cm.

Citation Format
In-text citations (references) and the bibliography follow the APA style, 7th edition. Click here to access the Writing Guidelines.

Direct Quotation (In-Text Quotation)

When quoting directly from a source (using all words without any changes), enclose the quoted section in quotation marks and add the page number to the in-text citation. There are two basic formats that can be used:
In-Text Citation 1: Homeless people are typically neglected while growing up because they "come from families that are often troubled and have marital discord" (Rokach, 2005, p. 477).
In-Text Citation 2: As Rokach (2005) notes, homeless people "often have no one to care for them and no one who knows them well" (p. 477).
The first option is the standard APA in-text citation format. The second option is used when the author's name is written at the beginning of the sentence before the citation.

Long direct quotations

If your quotation is more than forty words long, it is considered a long quotation. This can also be referred to as a block quotation.
Long (Block) Quotation Rules: There are four rules that apply to long quotations, which differ from normal quotations:
1. Place two colons at the end of the line where you write the long quotation.
2. Write the long quotation 1 cm indented from both the left and right margins, without italics, with a line indent of 0.5 cm, line spacing of 1.15 cm, and 10 point font size, so that it appears as a block of text.
3. Do not place quotation marks around the long quotation.
4. Place the full stop at the end of the quotation, not as in normal quotations, but at the end of the sentence.
Example of a long quotation:
Quoted sentence(s) ........... .............. . (Golding, 1960, p. 186)

Explanation

When writing information from a source in your own words, cite the source by adding an in-text citation at the end of the section expressed in different words, as follows:
Explanation: Mother-infant bonding became a leading topic in developmental research following the publication of John Bowlby's work (Hunt, 1993).
Note: If you refer to the author's name in a sentence, you do not need to repeat the author's name in the in-text citation; instead, add the year of publication after the name:
Hunt (1993) noted that mother-infant bonding became a leading topic in developmental research following the publication of John Bowlby's work.
Explanation Example:
Original source:
Homeless individuals often come from families experiencing problems and marital discord and have become estranged from their parents. They may have frequently been subjected to physical and even sexual abuse, moved around, and many may have been asked to leave home or actually been expelled from home, or alternatively placed in care homes or with foster families. They usually have no one to care for them, and no one knows them closely.
Source:
Rokach, A. (2005). The causes of loneliness in homeless youth. The Journal of Psychology, 139, 469-480.
Example: Misinterpretation
Homeless people come from troubled families. They have often been physically or sexually abused or have lived in care homes. Usually, no one cares for them or knows them well (Rokach, 2005).
Note: In this incorrect example, the text closely resembles the original source. The writer has only changed or removed a few words and has not expressed the ideas in a new way.
Example: Correct Explanation
Many homeless people experience isolation, partly because they were subjected to abuse or neglect during their childhood (Rokach, 2005).
Note: The example preserves the idea of the original text but expresses it in a new way.

Single-Author Book (Print or e-Book from Library Database)

Author's Surname, Initial of First Name. Second Initial, if any. (Publication year). Title of the book: Subtitle, if given (edition, if given - except for first edition). Publisher (usually abbreviated).
In the bibliography: Watson, J. (2012). Human caring science: A theory of nursing (2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Karahan, L. (1996). The Classification of Anatolian Dialects. Turkish Language Association Publications.
Explanation (Author's surname, Year) Example: (Watson, 2012); (Karahan, 1996)
In-text citation (Author's surname, Year, p. Page Number) Example: (Watson, 2012, p. 70)

Two-Author Book (Printed or e-Book from Library Database)

First Author's Surname, Initial of First Name. Initial of Second Name (if any) & Second Author's Surname, Initial of First Name. Initial of Second Name (if any). (Year of publication). Title of the book: Subtitle (if any) (edition - except first edition - if any). Publisher (usually abbreviated).

Note:
Authors' names are separated by commas. A comma (,) and ampersand (&) are placed before the name of the last author quoted.
When using APA 7th edition, the place of publication is not required. The database is not required for library e-books.
In the bibliography: Case, L. P., Daristotle, L., Hayek, M. G., & Raash, M. F. (2011). Canine and feline nutrition: A resource for companion animal professionals (3rd ed.). Mosby.
Taner, R., & Bezirci, A. (1981). Selected Stories in Our Literature. Gözlem Yayınları.
Explanation (Case & Daristotle, 2011)
In-text citation (Case & Daristotle, 2011, p. 57)
DOI-linked Journal Article from Library Database - Single Author
Author's surname, initial of first name. Initial of second name, if any. (Publication year). Article title: Subtitle, if any. Journal name, Volume number (issue), first page-last page number. DOI number
Reference: Bailey, N. W. (2012). Evolutionary models of extended phenotypes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 27(3), 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126
In-text citation (Author's surname, Year) Example: (Bailey, 2012)
In-text citation (Author's surname, Year, p. Page Number) (Bailey, 2012, p. 562)
DOI-linked Journal Article from Library Database - Two to Twenty Authors
Author's surname, first initial. If applicable, second initial., & Second author's surname, first initial. If applicable, second initial. (Publication year). Article title: If applicable, subtitle. Journal name, Volume number (issue), first page-last page number. https://doi number
Note: Separate authors' names with commas. For the last author listed, add an ampersand (&) after the comma and before the last author's surname.
References: Pempek, T. A., Yermolayeva, Y. A., & Calvert, S. L. (2009). College students' social networking experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 3(2), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010t
Explanation: Use the following examples as a basis for explanations and in-text citations.
In-Text Citation
If there are two authors and editors: First citation (Case & Daristotle, 2011), Second and subsequent citations: (Case & Daristotle, 2011), First quotation: (Case & Daristotle, 2011, p. 57), Second and subsequent citations: (Case & Daristotle, 2011, p. 57)
If there are three or more authors and editors: First citation: (Case et al., 2011), Second and subsequent citations: (Case et al., 2011), First citation: (Case et al., 2011, p. 57), Second and subsequent citations: (Case et al., 2011, p. 57)
Click here for detailed writing guidelines.