Education and the Pandemic: Examining Students’ Remote Learning Experiences in the Philippines
Year 2022,
Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 13, 30.06.2022
Mina Samortin
,
Lovely Corcuera
,
Abel, Jr. Alvarez
,
Hajji Palmero
Abstract
The global outbreak brought about by the Covid-19 not only affected the economic and health sectors but also hardly hit the education sector. The need for schools to temporarily shut down their face-to-face classes has resulted in educational institutions, particularly the Philippine Department of Education, to rethink the way they adapt to the current educational context. The implementation of distance learning modalities through its learning continuity plan paved the way for Filipino learners to resort to various learning modalities to address students’ learning needs in this time of emergency remote education. Hence, this study aims to investigate the lived experiences of Filipino senior high school students who have been immersed in emergency remote learning during the school year 2020-2021. Interestingly, there were three themes that were revealed to deeply understand the experiences of the participants: digital technology divide, independent study and sense of learning responsibility, and financial capabilities and resources. Each of these themes presents underlying issues and concerns that are noteworthy to be listened considering that the current Philippine education system is still struggling to adjust with the current new normal context of education. Therefore, the voices of the participants in this study provide a reflection of their untiring learning journey in this time of the pandemic crisis that requires understanding and appreciation towards having a safe and inclusive space to make education attainable for all.
References
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- Alvarez, A. V., Jr. (2020). The phenomenon of learning at a distance through emergency remote teaching amidst the pandemic crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 144-153. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3881529
- Alvarez, A. V., Jr. (2021). Rethinking the digital divide in the time of crisis. Globus Journal of Progressive Education, 11(1), 26-28. https://doi.org/10.46360/ globus.edu.220211006
- Alvarez, A. V., Jr., & Palmero, H. R. (2022). The inner voices of students in asynchronous online learning approach. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 8(2), 148-154. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.1065915
- Anzaldo, G. D., (2021). Modular distance learning in the new normal education amidst Covid-19. International Journal of Scientific Advances, 2(3), 263-266. https://doi.org/10.51542/ijscia.v2i3.6
- Aslam, M. (2014). Capacity building of teachers needs top priority. https://digitallearning.eletsonline.com/2014/11/capacity-building-of-teachers-needs-top-priority/
- Aydemir, M., Özkeskin, E. E., & Akkurt, A. A. (2014). A theoretical framework on open and distance learning. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174(2015), 1750-1757. https://doi.org/1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.833
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- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256089360
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- Chinazzi, M., Davis, J. T., Allelli, M., Giovannini, C., Litvinova, M., Merler, S., … Vespignani, A. (2020). The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Science, 368(6489), 395. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba9757
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Corcuera, L. C., & Alvarez, A.V., Jr. (2021a). Teacher's roadblocks in the time of quarantine teaching. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 7(4), 427-434. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.1003162
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- Dargo, J. M., & Dimas, M. (2021). Modular distance learning: Its effect in the academic performance of learners in the new normal. Journal of Education, Teaching, and Learning, 6(2), 204-204.
- De Oliveria, M. S., Penedo, A. T., & Peeira, V. S. (2018). Distance education: Advantages and disadvantages of the point of view of education and society. Dialogia, (29), 139-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/dialogia.N29.7661
- De Villa, J. A., & Manalo, F. B. (2020). Secondary teachers’ preparation, challenges, and coping mechanism in the pre-implementation of distance learning in the new normal. IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 2(3), 144-154. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4072845
- DepEd. (2020, June 19). The basic education learning continuity plan. Order No.12, s. 2020. www.deped.gov.ph/wpcontentuploads2020/06/DO_s2020_012.pdf
- Dziuban, C., Graham, C. R., Moskal, P. D. Norberg, A., & Sicilia, N. (2018). Blended learning: The new normal and encouraging technologies. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher education, 15(3), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0087-5
- El Said, G. R. (2021). How did the Covid-19 pandemic affect higher education learning experience? An empirical investigation of learner's academic performance at a university in a developing country. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6649524
- Espineli, N. P. (2021). Lived experiences of master teachers in monitoring modular distance learning (MDL) teachers at MCNHS. IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 3(10), 148-156. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4633662
- Fernandes, N. (2020). Economic effects of coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) on the world economy. http://webmail.khazar.org/bitstream/20.500.12323/4496/1/Economic%20Effects%20of%20Coronavirus%20Outbreak.pdf
- Ferri, F., Grifini, P., & Guzzo, T. (2020). Online learning and emergency remote teaching: Opportunities and challenges in emergency situation. Societies, 10(86), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390soc10040086
- Gaskell, G. (2000). Individual and group interviewing. In M. W. Bauer & G. Gaskell (Eds.), Qualitative researching with text, image and sound: A practical handbook (pp. 38-56). Sage.
- Giorgi, A. (2012). The descriptive phenomenological psychological method. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 43(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1163/156916212X632934
- Gunawardena, C. N., & McIsaac, M. S. (2004). Distance education. In D. H. Jonassen, Handbook of Researching Educational Communications and Technology (2nd ed., pp. 355395). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Karpman, M., Gonzalez, D., & Kenney, G. (2020). Parents are struggling to provide for their families during pandemic. Urban Institute. https://www.urban.org/research/publication/parents-are-struggling-provide-their-families-during-pandemic
- Kos-Łabędowicz, J. (2017). The issue of digital divide in rural areas of the European Union. Ekonomiczne Problemy Usług nr, 195-204. https://doi.org/10.18276/epu.2017.126/2-20
- Lapada, A., Miguel, F. F., Robledo, D., & Alam, Z. F. (2020). Teachers’ covid-19 awareness, distance learning education experiences and perceptions towards institutional readiness and challenges. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(6), 127-144. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.6.8
- Limniou, M., Atkins, T. V., Hands, C., Elshamaa, & Marie. (2021). Learning, student digital capabilities and academic performance over the Covid-19 pandemic. Education Sciences, 11(361), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11070361
- Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
- Livari, N., Sharma, S., & Olkkonen, L. V. (2020). Digital transformation of everyday life-How COVID-19 pandemic transformed the basic education of the young generation and why information management research should care? International Journal of Information Management, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102183
- Magsambol, B. (2021). What the Philippines' 2nd pandemic school opening will look like. Rappler. https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/school-opening-during-pandemic-philippines-2021-2022
- Malik, S. K. (2012). Effects of modular and traditional approaches on student’s general comprehension. Elixier Social Studies, 42, 6228-6231.
- Manire, R. N. L. (2021). For a limited period of time: Implementing emergency remote teaching in this pandemic-laden times. IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 3(1), 50-59.
- Merriam, S. B. (2002). Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis. Jossey- Bass.
- Moore, M. G. (1973). Toward a theory of independent learning and teaching. The Journal of Higher Education, 44(9), 661-679. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 00221546.1973.11776906
- Oliver, W. (2020). Education post-COVID-19: Customized blended learning is urgently needed. https://theconversation.com/education-post-covid-19-costumized-blended-learning-is-urgently-needed-138647
- Panol, R. F., Caballes, D. G., & Vasquez, A. G. (2020). Teachers’ readiness level on online teaching: Enhancing distance learning modality. CIIT International Journal of Software Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 75-81.
- Quimba, F. M., & Rosellon, M. A. (2020). Digital divide and the platform economy: Looking for the connection from Asian experience. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 1-50. https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/ PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps2030.pdf
- Quinones, M. T. (2020, July 3). DepEd clarifies blended distance learning modalities for SY 2020-2021. https://pia-gov-ph.cdn.ampproject.org
- Reimers, F. M., & Scheiher, A. (2020). A framework to guide an education response to the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. https://oecdedutoday.com
- Salayo, J. D., Fesalbon, J. R., Valerio, L. C., & Litao, R. A. (2020). Senior high school teachers and students’ engagement during emergency remote teaching (ERT) perceptions on readiness, attitude and competence. Studies in Humanities and Education, 1(1), 74-95. https://doi.org/10.48185/she.vlil.145
- Stelitano, L., Doan, S., Woo, A., Diliberti, M. K., Kaufman, J., & Henry, D. (2020). The digital divide and Covid-19: Teachers’ perceptions of inequities in students' internet access and participation in remote learning. RAND American Educator Panels. https://doi.org/10.7249/RRA134-3
- Tria, J. Z. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of education in the Philippines: The new normal. International Journal of Pedagogical Development and Lifelong Learning, 1(1), ep2001. https://doi.org10.30935//ijpdll/8311
- Tullis, J. G., & Benjamin, A. S. (2010). On the effectiveness of self-paced learning. Journal of Memory and Language, 64(2), 109-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2010.11.002
- UNICEF. (2020). Guidance: Assessing and monitoring learning during the Covid-19 crisis. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/guidance-assessing-and-monitoring-learning-during-covid-19-crisis
- Viner, R. M., Russell, S. J., Croker, H., Packer, J., Ward, J., Stansfield, C., & Broy, R. (2020). School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: A rapid systematic review. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 4(5), 395-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-2642(20)30095-x
- Wedemeyer, C. A. (1981). Learning at the back-door: Reflections on non-traditional learning in the lifespan. University of Wisconsin Press.
- World Bank Group. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on education financing. https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/734541589314089887-0090022020/original/CovidandEdFinancefinal.pdf
- Zubiri, J. R., & Tomacruz, S. C. (2016). Digital demands: Addressing the digital divide in basic education and its relation to academic performance and aspirations. 21st Century Academic Forum, 9, 91-103. https://www.21caf.org/uploads/1/3/5/2/13527682/9hrd-4060_zubiri.pdf
Education and the pandemic: Examining students’ remote learning experiences in the Philippines
Year 2022,
Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 13, 30.06.2022
Mina Samortin
,
Lovely Corcuera
,
Abel, Jr. Alvarez
,
Hajji Palmero
References
- Abuhassna, H., & Yahaya, N. (2018). Students’ utilization of distance learning through an interventional online module based on Moore transactional distance theory. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education, 14(7), 3043-3052. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmstes/91601
- AECT. (2001). The handbook of research for educational communications and technology. http://members.aect.org/edtech/ed1/index.asp
- Aksan, J. A. (2021). Effect of modular distance learning approach to academic performance in Mathematics of students in Mindanao State University-Sulu senior high school amidst Covid-19 pandemic. Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences, 4(4), 386-409. https://doi.org/10.37275/OAIJSS.v4i4.64
- Alvarez, A. V., Jr. (2020). The phenomenon of learning at a distance through emergency remote teaching amidst the pandemic crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 144-153. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3881529
- Alvarez, A. V., Jr. (2021). Rethinking the digital divide in the time of crisis. Globus Journal of Progressive Education, 11(1), 26-28. https://doi.org/10.46360/ globus.edu.220211006
- Alvarez, A. V., Jr., & Palmero, H. R. (2022). The inner voices of students in asynchronous online learning approach. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 8(2), 148-154. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.1065915
- Anzaldo, G. D., (2021). Modular distance learning in the new normal education amidst Covid-19. International Journal of Scientific Advances, 2(3), 263-266. https://doi.org/10.51542/ijscia.v2i3.6
- Aslam, M. (2014). Capacity building of teachers needs top priority. https://digitallearning.eletsonline.com/2014/11/capacity-building-of-teachers-needs-top-priority/
- Aydemir, M., Özkeskin, E. E., & Akkurt, A. A. (2014). A theoretical framework on open and distance learning. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174(2015), 1750-1757. https://doi.org/1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.833
- Betlen, E. A. (2021). Effect of modular approach on the academic achievements of students. Global Scientific Review Journal, 9(7), 2995-3004.
- Boelens, R., Voet, M., & De Wever, B. (2018). The design of blended learning in response to student diversity in higher education: Instructors’ view and used differentiated instruction in blended learning. Computer and Education, 120, 197-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comeduc.2018.02.009
- Bozkurt, A., Jung, I., Xiao, J., Vladimirschi, V., Schuwer, R., Egorov, G., & Paskevicius, M. (2020). A global outlook to the interruption of education due to COVID-19 pandemic: Navigating in a time of uncertainty and crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 1- 126, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3878572
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256089360
- Cahapay, M. B. (2020). Rethinking education in the new normal post- COVID-19 era: A curriculum studies perspective. Aquademia, 4(2), ep20018. https://doi.org/10.29333/aquademia/8315
- Chinazzi, M., Davis, J. T., Allelli, M., Giovannini, C., Litvinova, M., Merler, S., … Vespignani, A. (2020). The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Science, 368(6489), 395. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba9757
- Codamon, D. B. (2020, August 3). Understanding the distance learning delivery modalities. https://pia-gov-ph.cdn.ampproject.org
Corcuera, L. C., & Alvarez, A.V., Jr. (2021a). Teacher's roadblocks in the time of quarantine teaching. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 7(4), 427-434. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.1003162
- Corcuera, L. C., & Alvarez, A.V., Jr. (2021b). From face-to-face to teaching at a distance: Lessons learned from emergency remote teaching. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 16(2), 166-179. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793090
- Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative and mixed methods approaches. Sage.
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. Sage.
- Dangle, Y. P., & Sumaoang, J. D. (2020). The implementation of modular distance learning in the Philippine secondary public school. International Conference on Advance Research in Teaching and Education. https://www.dpublication.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/27-427.pdf
- Dargo, J. M., & Dimas, M. (2021). Modular distance learning: Its effect in the academic performance of learners in the new normal. Journal of Education, Teaching, and Learning, 6(2), 204-204.
- De Oliveria, M. S., Penedo, A. T., & Peeira, V. S. (2018). Distance education: Advantages and disadvantages of the point of view of education and society. Dialogia, (29), 139-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/dialogia.N29.7661
- De Villa, J. A., & Manalo, F. B. (2020). Secondary teachers’ preparation, challenges, and coping mechanism in the pre-implementation of distance learning in the new normal. IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 2(3), 144-154. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4072845
- DepEd. (2020, June 19). The basic education learning continuity plan. Order No.12, s. 2020. www.deped.gov.ph/wpcontentuploads2020/06/DO_s2020_012.pdf
- Dziuban, C., Graham, C. R., Moskal, P. D. Norberg, A., & Sicilia, N. (2018). Blended learning: The new normal and encouraging technologies. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher education, 15(3), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0087-5
- El Said, G. R. (2021). How did the Covid-19 pandemic affect higher education learning experience? An empirical investigation of learner's academic performance at a university in a developing country. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6649524
- Espineli, N. P. (2021). Lived experiences of master teachers in monitoring modular distance learning (MDL) teachers at MCNHS. IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 3(10), 148-156. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4633662
- Fernandes, N. (2020). Economic effects of coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) on the world economy. http://webmail.khazar.org/bitstream/20.500.12323/4496/1/Economic%20Effects%20of%20Coronavirus%20Outbreak.pdf
- Ferri, F., Grifini, P., & Guzzo, T. (2020). Online learning and emergency remote teaching: Opportunities and challenges in emergency situation. Societies, 10(86), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390soc10040086
- Gaskell, G. (2000). Individual and group interviewing. In M. W. Bauer & G. Gaskell (Eds.), Qualitative researching with text, image and sound: A practical handbook (pp. 38-56). Sage.
- Giorgi, A. (2012). The descriptive phenomenological psychological method. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 43(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1163/156916212X632934
- Gunawardena, C. N., & McIsaac, M. S. (2004). Distance education. In D. H. Jonassen, Handbook of Researching Educational Communications and Technology (2nd ed., pp. 355395). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Karpman, M., Gonzalez, D., & Kenney, G. (2020). Parents are struggling to provide for their families during pandemic. Urban Institute. https://www.urban.org/research/publication/parents-are-struggling-provide-their-families-during-pandemic
- Kos-Łabędowicz, J. (2017). The issue of digital divide in rural areas of the European Union. Ekonomiczne Problemy Usług nr, 195-204. https://doi.org/10.18276/epu.2017.126/2-20
- Lapada, A., Miguel, F. F., Robledo, D., & Alam, Z. F. (2020). Teachers’ covid-19 awareness, distance learning education experiences and perceptions towards institutional readiness and challenges. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(6), 127-144. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.6.8
- Limniou, M., Atkins, T. V., Hands, C., Elshamaa, & Marie. (2021). Learning, student digital capabilities and academic performance over the Covid-19 pandemic. Education Sciences, 11(361), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11070361
- Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
- Livari, N., Sharma, S., & Olkkonen, L. V. (2020). Digital transformation of everyday life-How COVID-19 pandemic transformed the basic education of the young generation and why information management research should care? International Journal of Information Management, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102183
- Magsambol, B. (2021). What the Philippines' 2nd pandemic school opening will look like. Rappler. https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/school-opening-during-pandemic-philippines-2021-2022
- Malik, S. K. (2012). Effects of modular and traditional approaches on student’s general comprehension. Elixier Social Studies, 42, 6228-6231.
- Manire, R. N. L. (2021). For a limited period of time: Implementing emergency remote teaching in this pandemic-laden times. IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 3(1), 50-59.
- Merriam, S. B. (2002). Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis. Jossey- Bass.
- Moore, M. G. (1973). Toward a theory of independent learning and teaching. The Journal of Higher Education, 44(9), 661-679. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 00221546.1973.11776906
- Oliver, W. (2020). Education post-COVID-19: Customized blended learning is urgently needed. https://theconversation.com/education-post-covid-19-costumized-blended-learning-is-urgently-needed-138647
- Panol, R. F., Caballes, D. G., & Vasquez, A. G. (2020). Teachers’ readiness level on online teaching: Enhancing distance learning modality. CIIT International Journal of Software Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 75-81.
- Quimba, F. M., & Rosellon, M. A. (2020). Digital divide and the platform economy: Looking for the connection from Asian experience. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 1-50. https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/ PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps2030.pdf
- Quinones, M. T. (2020, July 3). DepEd clarifies blended distance learning modalities for SY 2020-2021. https://pia-gov-ph.cdn.ampproject.org
- Reimers, F. M., & Scheiher, A. (2020). A framework to guide an education response to the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. https://oecdedutoday.com
- Salayo, J. D., Fesalbon, J. R., Valerio, L. C., & Litao, R. A. (2020). Senior high school teachers and students’ engagement during emergency remote teaching (ERT) perceptions on readiness, attitude and competence. Studies in Humanities and Education, 1(1), 74-95. https://doi.org/10.48185/she.vlil.145
- Stelitano, L., Doan, S., Woo, A., Diliberti, M. K., Kaufman, J., & Henry, D. (2020). The digital divide and Covid-19: Teachers’ perceptions of inequities in students' internet access and participation in remote learning. RAND American Educator Panels. https://doi.org/10.7249/RRA134-3
- Tria, J. Z. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of education in the Philippines: The new normal. International Journal of Pedagogical Development and Lifelong Learning, 1(1), ep2001. https://doi.org10.30935//ijpdll/8311
- Tullis, J. G., & Benjamin, A. S. (2010). On the effectiveness of self-paced learning. Journal of Memory and Language, 64(2), 109-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2010.11.002
- UNICEF. (2020). Guidance: Assessing and monitoring learning during the Covid-19 crisis. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/guidance-assessing-and-monitoring-learning-during-covid-19-crisis
- Viner, R. M., Russell, S. J., Croker, H., Packer, J., Ward, J., Stansfield, C., & Broy, R. (2020). School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: A rapid systematic review. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 4(5), 395-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-2642(20)30095-x
- Wedemeyer, C. A. (1981). Learning at the back-door: Reflections on non-traditional learning in the lifespan. University of Wisconsin Press.
- World Bank Group. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on education financing. https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/734541589314089887-0090022020/original/CovidandEdFinancefinal.pdf
- Zubiri, J. R., & Tomacruz, S. C. (2016). Digital demands: Addressing the digital divide in basic education and its relation to academic performance and aspirations. 21st Century Academic Forum, 9, 91-103. https://www.21caf.org/uploads/1/3/5/2/13527682/9hrd-4060_zubiri.pdf