TÜRKİYE’DE KENTLEŞME VE EKONOMİK BİLEŞENLERİNİN TOPLUM SAĞLIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: 2014-2018 PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ / The Impacts Of Urbanization And Economic Components On Public Health In Turkey: 2014-2018 Panel Data Analysis

Year 2022, , 317 - 337, 10.10.2022

Mustafa Şit , Korkmaz Yıldırım , Haydar Karadağ

https://doi.org/10.29216/ueip.1131717

Abstract

Covid-19 Pandemi süreci sonrasında ekonomi ve kentleşme alanındaki akademik çalışmaların odak noktasını toplum sağlığı üzerinde etkili olan iktisadi ve sosyopolitik bileşenler ve bu konuda karşılaşılan temel açmazlar oluşturmaktadır. Toplum sağlık harcamaları üzerinde doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak kentsel dinamikler, ekonomik kalkınma girişimler ve ekolojik kısıtlar belirleyici olmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın temel amacı kentleşme ve çevresel unsurlar ile ilişkili olarak iktisadi ve sosyopolitik parametrelerin toplum sağlık harcamaları arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmektir. Bu amaçla çalışmada Türkiye’deki 2014 ile 2018 yılları arasında 30 büyükşehir için toplum sağlığı harcamaları üzerindeki etkisi olan unsurları belirlemek için Panel EGLS modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda plansız kentleşmenin sebep olduğu nüfus yoğunluğu, hava kirliliği, hijyen koşullarının yetersizliği, atıklar, kişi başına düşen yeşil alan miktarının yetersiz olması gibi bileşenlerin toplum sağlığını koruma ve geliştirme maliyetlerini arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Benzer şekilde enerji kullanımının artması, yüksek eğitim seviyesi ve yaşlı nüfus oranı gibi parametrelerin toplum sağlık hizmetlerine olan talebi artırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Kentleşme, Toplum Sağlığı, Sağlık Harcamaları, Büyükşehir Belediyeleri, Panel Veri Analizi

THE IMPACTS OF URBANIZATION AND ECONOMIC COMPONENTS ON PUBLIC HEALTH IN TURKEY: 2014-2018 PANEL DATA ANALYSIS / Türkiye’de Kentleşme Ve Ekonomik Bileşenlerinin Toplum Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkileri: 2014-2018 Panel Veri Analizi

Abstract

After the Covid-19 Pandemic process, the focus of academic research in economics and urbanization consist of economic and sociopolitical components that affect public health and fundamental challenge encountered on that issue. Urban dynamics, economic development initiatives, and ecological constraints are directly or indirectly determinative on public health expenditures. In this context, the main purpose of the study is to analyze the explanatory relationship between public health expenditures and economic and sociopolitical parameters regarding urbanization and environmental factors. For this purpose, the Panel EGLS model was used to determine the factors that have an impact on public health expenditures for 30 metropolitan cities in Turkey between 2014 and 2018. As a result of the study, it is concluded that the costs of protecting and enhancing public health increased due to excessive population density, air pollution, insufficient hygiene conditions, wastes, and limited urban green space per person caused by rapid and unplanned urbanization in Turkey. Likewise, it is found that socio-demographic parameters such as rise in energy consumption, high education level, and elder population rate, increased demand for public health services.

Keywords

Urbanization, Public Health, Health Expenditures, Metropolitan Municipalities, Panel Data Analysis

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