MODERNLEŞME BAĞLAMINDA ÇİN VE KIRGIZİSTAN'DA MÜZİK EĞİTİMİNİN ÖZELLİKLERİ

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 2070 - 2098

Qiong Duan Gulnaz Adylbek Kyzy , Jian Chen Guljamysh Abdymomunova Asylgul Jumataeva

https://doi.org/10.51576/ymd.1750186

Abstract

Bu çalışma, kültürel mirasın korunması ve ulusal kimliğin şekillendirilmesi bağlamında Çin ve Kırgızistan'daki müzik eğitiminin ayırt edici özelliklerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Kullanılan metodoloji, karşılaştırmalı analiz, yapısal-işlevsel yaklaşım, eğitim programlarının incelenmesi, ulusal eğitim politikası belgelerinin analizi ve Pekin Normal Üniversitesi ve Kırgız-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi'nin müzik bölümlerinde uygulanan dijital uygulamaların içerik analizini içermektedir. Bulgular, her iki ülkenin de ulusal müzik geleneklerini çağdaş eğitim sistemine aktif olarak entegre ettiğini, geleneksel türler ve enstrümanları Avrupa öğretim yaklaşımlarıyla birleştirdiğini göstermektedir. Çin'de, özellikle "2035 Eğitim Modernizasyon Planı"nda da belirtildiği gibi, kadim geleneklerin küresel eğitim standartlarıyla sentezlenmesine özel bir önem verilmektedir. Kırgızistan, kendi folklorik geleneklerini korurken, Türk dili konuşan ülkelerle iş birliği yaparak öncelikle Batı Avrupa metodolojilerini benimsiyor. Her iki üniversite de müzik becerilerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik sanal platformlar, mobil uygulamalar ve simülasyon yazılımları gibi dijital teknolojileri aktif olarak uyguluyor. YuJa, Fingerssmart, Mint Muse, ComposeOn Academy) gibi uluslararası kuruluşlarla iş birliği içinde uzaktan eğitimin (Mektep24, ilimBox) erişilebilirliğine odaklanırken, Kırgızistan'da bu alanda uluslararası kuruluşlarla iş birliği yapılmaktadır. Araştırma, her iki ülkedeki müzik eğitiminin kültürlerarası ve çok kültürlü yetkinlikleri geliştirmeye, etno-kültürel kimliği korumaya ve temel sanatsal becerileri geliştirmeye yönelik olduğunu doğrulamaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, müzik eğitimcileri için eğitim modellerinin iyileştirilmesinde, yenilikçi eğitim kurslarının geliştirilmesinde ve kültürel kimliğin korunması ve mesleki yeterlilik geliştirme bağlamında öğretim stratejilerinin modernleştirilmesinde kullanılabilir.

Keywords

kültür , sanat , uzaktan eğitim , dijitalleşme , milli değerler , gelenekler

PECULIARITIES OF MUSIC EDUCATION IN CHINA AND KYRGYZSTAN IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERNISATION

Abstract

. This study aims to identify the distinctive features of music education in China and Kyrgyzstan in the context of preserving cultural heritage and shaping national identity. The methodology employed includes comparative analysis, a structural-functional approach, examination of educational programmes, analysis of national educational policy documents, as well as content analysis of digital practices implemented in music departments at Beijing Normal University and Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University. The findings demonstrate that both countries are actively integrating national musical traditions into the contemporary educational system, combining traditional genres and instruments with European teaching approaches. In China, special emphasis is placed on synthesising ancient traditions with global educational standards, particularly reflected in the “Education Modernization Plan to 2035”. Kyrgyzstan primarily adapts Western European methodologies through cooperation with Turkic-speaking countries, while preserving its own folkloric traditions. Both universities are actively implementing digital technologies, including virtual platforms, mobile applications, and simulation software for developing musical skills. The study found that China possesses a well-developed digital infrastructure (XuetangX, CNMOOC, YuJa, Fingerssmart, Mint Muse, ComposeOn Academy), whereas Kyrgyzstan focuses on the accessibility of distance education (Mektep24, ilimBox) in partnership with international organisations. The research confirms that music education in both countries is oriented towards developing cross-cultural and multicultural competencies, preserving ethno-cultural identity, and enhancing key artistic skills. The results obtained may be used to improve training models for music educators, to develop innovative educational courses, and to modernise teaching strategies in the context of cultural identity preservation and professional competence development.

Keywords

culture , arts , distance learning , digitalisation , national values , traditions

References

• Abdullayev, R. (2021). Unity and Variety of Musical Culture of The East. Eurasian Music Science Journal, 2021(1), 63-74.
• Afacan Adanır, G., Muhametjanova, G., Çelikbağ, M. A., Omuraliev, A., & İsmailova, R. (2020). Learners’ Preferences for Online Resources, Activities, and Communication Tools: A Comparative Study of Turkey and Kyrgyzstan. E-Learning and Digital Media, 17(2), 148-166.
• Al-Khleifat, K. (2025). The effects of vocal training on the cognitive and emotional development of young children. Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University. Series “Pedagogy and Psychology”, 11(1), 113-124. https://doi.org/10.52534/msu-pp1.2025.113.
• Batiuk, N., Fedorets, M., & Khan, H. (2021). Implementation of the Competence-Based Approach in the Process of General Artistic (Musical) Education of Schoolchildren of Ukraine and China. Pedagogical Sciences: Theory, History, Innovative Technologies, 1(105), 390-401.
• Budaychiyev, B. D. (2021). The Art of Kyrgyzstan of the Period of Independence. Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research (AJMR), 10(1), 130-135.
• Bunrattanang, K., & Pidokrajt, N. (2025). Cultural transmission and regional adaptation of a musical instrument in Asia: Documenting the Ching in Thailand. Asian European Music Research Journal, 15, 35-48.
• Chen, K. (2025). Innovative Pedagogies in Musical Education: Integrating Technology for Enhanced Learning Outcomes. Musica Hodie, 25, e.81600.
• Dobrota, S. (2021). Multicultural Music Education in the Context of Higher Education. In N. Popov, C. Wolhuter, L. de Beer, G. Hilton, J. Ogunleye, E. Achinewhu-Nworgu, & E. Niemczyk (Eds.), New Challenges to Education: Lessons from Around the World (pp. 189-194). Sofia: Bulgarian Comparative Education Society.
• Guliyeva, I., & Kopanitsa, L. (2024). Folklore in contemporary music: Revival of cultural traditions. Interdisciplinary Cultural and Humanities Review, 3(2), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.59214/сultural/2.2024.24.
• Issayeva, A., Niyazbekova, S., Semenov, A., Kerimkhulle, S., & Sayimova, M. (2024). Digital technologies and the integration of a green economy: legal peculiarities and electronic transactions. Reliability Theory and Applications, 19(6 Special Issue), 1088-1096. https://doi.org/10.24412/1932-2321-2024-681-1088-1096.
• Joong, Y. H. P., & Yixiang, J. (2024). East Meets West: Perceptions of Teachers and Students of Secondary Reform in China in 2012 and 2022. International Journal of Educational Reform, 33(4), 428-448.
• Junussova, B., Utegalieva, S., Shugay, A., Abdinurov, A., & Medeubek, M. (2024). Advanced String Instruments in the Musical Culture of Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and Uzbeks. Musica Hodie, 24, e79380.
• Junyi, L. (2023). Cross-Cultural Musical Transformation: Shaping Chinese Traditions. Scientific Journal of Polonia University, 59(4), 43-48.
• Khan, M. W., Destek, M. A., and Khan, Z. (2025). Income Inequality and Artificial Intelligence: Globalization and age dependency for developed countries. Social Indicators Research, 176(3), 1207–1233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-024-03493-7.
• Kin, О., Sobchenko, Т., & Yakimova, М. (2023). Current Problems of Modernization of Music Education of the PRC in the Context of Modern Challenges. Scientific Journal of the Khortytsia National Academy, 2(9), 22-30.
• Lau, F. (2020). The Sounds of Modernity in Chinese Pop Music. International Communication of Chinese Culture, 7, 101-115.
• Liu, C., Asipova, N. A., Lu, B., & Wu, W. (2024b). Culturally-Informes Strategies in Art Education: Insights from China and Kyrgyzstan. Journal of Institutional Research South East Asia, 22(2), 42-58.
• Liu, C., Asipova, N., Lu, B., & Wu, W. (2024a). Comparative Study on Curriculum Design of Art Education Between China and Kyrgyzstan. Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University Series “Physics”, 55, 2969-2977.
• Liu, G. (2020). Application of Integrating Computer Technology with Music Teaching in the New Media Environment. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 750, 012080.
• Liu, J. (2023). Interaction of Cultural Components in the Musical Art of China in the Context of Globalisation Influences. National Academy of Managerial Staff of Culture and Arts Herald: Science Journal, 3, 294-299.
• Momunalieva, A., Ismailova, R., & Najimudinova, S. (2024). The Case of the Kyrgyz Republic. In I. Menter (Ed.), Reform of Teacher Education in the Post-Soviet Space: A Comparative Analysis of Fifteen Independent Countries (pp. 132-149). London: Routledge.
• Moro, R. G., & Kirchof, E. R. (2024). Virtual Reality, Literature and Education: Immersive Narratives for Children and Young Adults. Bakhtiniana, 19(3), e64043e.
• Nasriddinov, M. (2021). To Provide Students of Music Education in Higher Education with an Understanding of the Methods of Introducing Folk Music to the Lessons of Music Culture. Synergy: Journal of Ethics and Governance, 1(6), 13-18.
• Nurakenova, A., & Nagymzhanova, K. (2024). A Study of Psychological Features Related to Creative Thinking Styles of University Students. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 53(1), Article number 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-024-10042-3.
• Omarova, A., Kaztuganova, A., Sultanova, A., Tatkenova, S., & Kdyrniyazova, Z. (2020). M.O. Auezov and Musical Art of Kazakhstan in the Coordinates of the Global World. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 12(5), 1-14.
• Onyshchenko, N., & Serdiuk, N. (2025). Peculiarities of training future specialists in higher education institutions using innovative teaching technologies. Scientia et Societus, 4(1), 86-95. https://doi.org/10.69587/ss/1.2025.86.
• Quan, H., & Li, J. (2021). Innovative Music Education in China: Theory and Practice. International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 6(1), 63-76.
• Rui, G. (2023). Ethno-artistic competence of a music teacher: Essence, structure, features of formation. Professional Education: Methodology, Theory and Technologies, 9(1), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.31470/2415-3729-2023-17-79-92.
• Rzheuskyi, A., Gozhyj, A., Stefanchuk, A., Oborska, O., Lozynska, O., Mykich, K., & Basyuk, T. (2019). Development of mobile application for choreographic productions creation and visualization. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2386, 340-358.
• Sang, F., & Xu, Y. (2022). Research on the Current Situation and Improvement Strategies of Aesthetic Education in Music Classrooms in Primary and Secondary Schools in China. Modern Economics & Management Forum, 3(1), 14-19.
• Sarsenbaevich, K. J. (2024). Music Culture of Central Asian Turkic Peoples and Its Development. International Journal of Scientific Trends, 3(12), 64-68.
• Sartbekova, N. K., Dyushenalieva, A., Yulong, J., & Rui, W. (2024). Musical culture of the Kyrgyz people. Asian European Music Research Journal, 13, 41-52.
• Shmarko, N., & Hrechanyk, N. (2023). Historical and cultural analysis of ideas on the formation of aesthetic culture of the individual. Humanities Studios: Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, 11(3), 163-171. https://doi.org/10.31548/hspedagog14(3).2023.163-171.
• Siwen, Q., & Jamnongsarn, S. (2024). Study of Traditional Chinese Music in the Context of the Appropriation Process of Popular Chinese Music. Bangkok: Srinakharinwirot University.
• Smanova, A. B., Otynshiyeva, A. A., Saktaganova, I. S., Assanova, S., Lazim, A. M., & Beaver, K. M. (2024). Factors Associated with Achieving the Desired Level of Education in a Longitudinal and Nationally Representative Sample. Youth and Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X241296114.
• Spaska, A., Kozub, H., Abylasynova, G., Kozub, V., & Koval, Y. (2025). Evaluation of innovative teaching methods using modern information technologies. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi, 9(1), 422-440. https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v9i1.38107.
• Sun, J. Q. (2023). Interactive Piano Learning Systems: Implementing the Suzuki Method in Web-Based Classrooms. Education and Information Technologies, 28, 3401-3416.
• Sydykov, A. (2025). Analysis of Music Genre Terminology in Turkic Languages from a Linguistic Perspective. Dragoman, 2025(18 Special Issue), 167-188.
• Synytsya, S., Arkanova, A., Synytsya, T., Shesterova, L., & Danysko, O. (2023). Musical rhythmic education of school students of younger school age using cheerlidening. Pedagogical Sciences, 6(1), 8-13.
• Tang, K. (2021). Singing a Chinese Nation: Heritage Preservation, the Yuanshengtai Movement, and New Trends in Chinese Folk Music in the Twenty-First Century. Ethnomusicology, 65(1), 1-31.
• Uliаnova, V. (2024). Peculiarities of Chinese Musical Art. Current Issues in the Humanities, 3(71), 273-278.
• van Egdom, G.-W., and Declercq, C. (2024). Assessing the Digital Visibility of Literary Translators. Dragoman, 14(15), 94-123.
• Wan, W. (2022). Digital Technologies in Music Education: The Case of Chinese Students. Music Today Journal, 22, e70752.
• Wang, C. (2021). The Practice of Music Education Reform in Modern China. Advances in Educational Technology and Psychology, 5(9), 163-172.
• Wang, L. (2025). A Review of Music Education Research Based on Multiple Intelligences Theory in China. In Proceedings of the 2024 International Conference on Social Sciences and Educational Development (ICOSSED 2024) (pp. 314-323). Dordrecht: Atlantis Press.
• Wong, J. Y. (2020). Chinese Musical Culture in the Global Context – Modernization and Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Music in Twenty-First Century. In K. K. Y. Chan & C. S. G. Lau (Eds.), Chinese Culture in the 21st Century and Its Global Dimensions: Comparative and Interdisciplinary Perspectives (pp. 105-122). Singapore: Springer.
• Yao, B., & Li, W. (2023). The Role of a Teacher in Modern Music Education: Can a Student Learn Music with the Help of Modernized Online Educational Technologies Without Teachers? Education and Information Technologies, 28, 14595-14610.
• Yin, J. J., & Ooi, B. K. (2024). The Contemporary Development of Music Education in China: A Critical Review. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 7(8), 6265-6270.
• Yu, J. (2022). When the Local Encounters the Global: Aesthetic Conflicts in the Chinese Traditional Music World. Journal of Chinese Sociology, 9, 6.
• Yurtseven, N., Doğan, S., Sayi, A. K., & Çelik, I. (2025). Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Professional Development Program: Changes in Teachers to Improve Teaching Quality. International Journal of Educational Reform. https://doi.org/10.1177/10567879251331215.
• Bishkek: Gallery of Digital Educational Initiatives. (2023). (Access link: https://www.gpekix.org/news/bishkek-gallery-digital-educational-initiatives), (Access date: 01.08.2025).
• China’s Education Modernization 2035. (2019). (Access link: https://www.chinaeducenter.com/en/cedu/2035plan.php), (Access date: 01.08.2025).
• Music Education Platform Finger Wins RMB 100 Million Series B to Expand into Offline Market. (2024). (Access link: https://kr-asia.com/music-education-platform-finger-wins-rmb-100-million-series-b-to-expand-into-offline-market ), (Access date: 01.08.2025).
• Ross, A. (2008). Symphony of Millions. New Yorker. (Access link: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/07/07/symphony-of-millions), (Access date: 01.08.2025).
• This Firm Teaches Music Through a Gaming Experience. (2023). (Access link: https://kr-asia.com/this-firm-teaches-music-through-a-gaming-experience-inside-chinas-startups), (Access date: 01.08.2025).