Research Article

Anatolian Sage (Salvia triloba L.) Extracts and Biofertilizer Treatments Enhance the Germination and Seedling Growth of Fenugreek

Number: 1 July 9, 2026

Anatolian Sage (Salvia triloba L.) Extracts and Biofertilizer Treatments Enhance the Germination and Seedling Growth of Fenugreek

Abstract

In recent years, novel, effective, and environmentally sustainable approaches have been developed to promote plant growth and enhance plant protection. Plant extracts, which comprise novel, natural, and multicomponent products, have emerged as promising tools for these purposes. This study was designed to determine the effects of S. triloba extracts and biofertilizer applications on the germination, shoot, and root characteristics of fenugreek, as well as phytotoxicity tests. Ten traits were examined in the study, and except for the relative radicle growth (RRG) values, statistically significant differences were determined among the traits. The highest germination percentage, fresh and dry shoot values, and dry root weight with the relative seed germination (RSG) and germination index (GI) values were obtained from T8 (4 mg ml-1 extract + biofertilizer), while the maximum root length and fresh root weight values were found in T5 (0.5 mg ml-1 extract + biofertilizer). Moreover, the relationships among the examined traits were determined by multivariate analysis as principal coordinate (PCA) and heat map analyses. The results of the PCA showed over 75% variations, and heatmap analysis revealed that most of the treatments were found to be associated with the properties. In conclusion, T8 treatment can be used as a biological fertilizer to improve the germination percentage, fresh shoot weight, dry shoot and root weight, and RSG and GI values of the fenugreek.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

None

Project Number

None

Ethical Statement

None

Thanks

The authors thank to Cengizhan Karakuş for him helps.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Organic Agriculture, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

July 9, 2026

Submission Date

December 18, 2025

Acceptance Date

June 5, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 1

APA
Yaldız, G., & Çamlıca, M. (2026). Anatolian Sage (Salvia triloba L.) Extracts and Biofertilizer Treatments Enhance the Germination and Seedling Growth of Fenugreek. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1, 1844559. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1844559
AMA
1.Yaldız G, Çamlıca M. Anatolian Sage (Salvia triloba L.) Extracts and Biofertilizer Treatments Enhance the Germination and Seedling Growth of Fenugreek. YYU J AGR SCI. 2026;(1):1844559. doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1844559
Chicago
Yaldız, Gülsüm, and Mahmut Çamlıca. 2026. “Anatolian Sage (Salvia Triloba L.) Extracts and Biofertilizer Treatments Enhance the Germination and Seedling Growth of Fenugreek”. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, no. 1: 1844559. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1844559.
EndNote
Yaldız G, Çamlıca M (July 1, 2026) Anatolian Sage (Salvia triloba L.) Extracts and Biofertilizer Treatments Enhance the Germination and Seedling Growth of Fenugreek. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1 1844559.
IEEE
[1]G. Yaldız and M. Çamlıca, “Anatolian Sage (Salvia triloba L.) Extracts and Biofertilizer Treatments Enhance the Germination and Seedling Growth of Fenugreek”, YYU J AGR SCI, no. 1, p. 1844559, July 2026, doi: 10.29133/yyutbd.1844559.
ISNAD
Yaldız, Gülsüm - Çamlıca, Mahmut. “Anatolian Sage (Salvia Triloba L.) Extracts and Biofertilizer Treatments Enhance the Germination and Seedling Growth of Fenugreek”. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 1 (July 1, 2026): 1844559. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1844559.
JAMA
1.Yaldız G, Çamlıca M. Anatolian Sage (Salvia triloba L.) Extracts and Biofertilizer Treatments Enhance the Germination and Seedling Growth of Fenugreek. YYU J AGR SCI. 2026;:1844559.
MLA
Yaldız, Gülsüm, and Mahmut Çamlıca. “Anatolian Sage (Salvia Triloba L.) Extracts and Biofertilizer Treatments Enhance the Germination and Seedling Growth of Fenugreek”. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, no. 1, July 2026, p. 1844559, doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1844559.
Vancouver
1.Gülsüm Yaldız, Mahmut Çamlıca. Anatolian Sage (Salvia triloba L.) Extracts and Biofertilizer Treatments Enhance the Germination and Seedling Growth of Fenugreek. YYU J AGR SCI. 2026 Jul. 1;(1):1844559. doi:10.29133/yyutbd.1844559
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Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences by Van Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Agriculture is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.