The Effects of Different Storage Temperatures on the Oxidative Stability of Breakfast and Kitchen Margarines

Abstract

In this study, different brands of breakfast  (K₁, K₂, K₃, K₄ and K₅) and kitchen margarines (M₁, M₂, M₃, M₄ and M₅) were stored at 4 and 25°C for 12 weeks. During the storage period, samples were taken every 2 weeks and the oxidative stability of the margarines was evaluated by detecting changes in tocopherol contents, peroxide values (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values, conjugated diene (K₂₃₂) and fatty acid compositions. In the margarine samples used in the study, it was determined that the initial values were compatible with the label values, but changed depending on the storage temperature and duration. In breakfast margarine samples kept at 4 °C and 25°C, K₃ (11.08 meqO₂ kg^-1) and K4 (70.97 meqO₂ kg^-1) showed the highest PVs, respectively. In kitchen margarines stored at 4 °C and 25°C, M₂ (9.22 meqO₂ kg^-1) and M₁ (27.63 meqO₂ kg^-1) showed the highest PVs, respectively. The PVs of margarines kept at 4°C remained within legal limits (except K3). The breakfast margarines generally exceeded the legal limit after the 2^nd week, and in the kitchen margarines after the 4^th week in samples stored at 25°C. K₂₃₂ and TBA values increased with storage temperature. The breakfast margarine samples showed higher K232 and TBA values than those of kitchen margarines. Margarines had different tocopherol contents which showed decreasing trend depending on increasing temprature and time. As the storage temperature and duration increased, the total saturated fatty acids contents of margarines increased and their total unsaturated fatty acids content decreased. Kitchen margarines showed higher oxidative stability than breakfast margarines due to their higher saturated fatty acids contents. For margarines, storage at 4°C is appropriate, while storage at 25°C led to deterioration after  the first week.

Keywords

• Margarine,Oxidative stability,Peroxide value,Thiobarbituric acid number,Tocopherol

Farklı Depolama Sıcaklıklarının Kahvaltılık ve Mutfak Margarinlerinin Oksidatif Stabiliteleri Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmada farklı markalardan oluşan kahvaltılık margarinler (K₁, K₂, K₃, K₄ ve K₅) ve mutfak margarinleri (M₁, M₂, M₃, M₄ ve M₅), 4 ve 25°C sıcaklıklarda 12 hafta süreyle depolanmıştır. Depolama süresince her 2 haftada bir numune alınarak, tokoferol içeriği, peroksit sayısı (PS), tiyobarbütirik asit sayısı (TBA), konjuge-dien (K₂₃₂) ve yağ asidi bileşimlerinde meydana gelen değişimler tespit edilerek, margarinlerin oksidatif stabiliteleri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan margarin örneklerinde başlangıçta belirlenen değerlerin etiket değerleri ile uyumlu olduğu, ancak depolama sıcaklığı ve süresine bağlı olarak değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek PS’ları kahvaltılık margarinlerde 4°C’de depolanan K₃ örneğinde (11.08 meqO₂/kg) ve 25°C’de depolananlardan K₄ örneğinde (70.97 meqO₂/kg) belirlenirken, mutfak margarinlerinde ise 4°C’de depolanan M₂ margarininde (9.22 meqO₂/kg) ve 25°C’de depolanan M₁ margarininde (27.63 meqO₂/kg) tespit edilmiştir. 4 °C’de depolanan K₃ margarini dışındaki margarinlerde PS’ları yasal limit içinde kalmıştır. 25°C’de depolananlarda ise genel olarak kahvaltılık margarinler 2. haftadan sonra, mutfak margarinleri ise 4. haftadan sonra yasal limiti aşmıştır. K₂₃₂ ve TBA değerleri depolama sıcaklığına bağlı olarak artış göstermiştir. Bu artış 25°C’de ve kahvaltılık margarinlerde daha yüksek düzeyde gerçekleşmiştir. Tokoferol içerikleri margarinlerde farklılık gösterirken sıcaklık ve süre artışına bağlı olarak azalmıştır. Margarinlerde depolama sıcaklığı ve süresi arttıkça, toplam doymuş yağ asidi içeriği artarken, toplam doymamış yağ asidi içerikleri düşmüştür. Mutfak margarinleri yüksek doymuş yağ asidi içeriklerinden dolayı kahvaltılık margarinlere göre daha yüksek oksidatif stabilite göstermiştir. Margarinler için 4°C’de depolamanın uygun olduğu, 25°C’de depolamada ise ilk haftadan itibaren bozulmaların başladığı görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Margarin,Oksidatif stabilite,Peroksit sayısı,Tiyobarbütirik asit sayısı,Tokoferol

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