Öz
The aim of
present study was to determine the effects of three rootstocks [quince BA 29
and EMC (Cydonia oblonga), and
seedling of P. communis] on sugars
and organic acid contents in ‘Deveci’ pear (Pyrus
communis L.) cultivar during 2011-2015 years. In the study, oxalic,
tartaric, malic, ascorbic, acetic, citric, fumaric and propionic acid as
organic acids and fructose, sucrose, glucose and total sugar as sugars in the
fruit samples were investigated in terms of rootstocks. Major organic acids for
‘Deveci’ pear were malic, ascorbic and propionic acids. Malic and ascorbic acid
in BA 29 rootstock were higher than EMC and seedling rootstocks. Contrarily,
propionic acid was higher in seedling rootstock. In terms of malic acid, BA 29
had the highest malic acid content (3425.3 mg 100 g-1) while
seedling rootstock had the lowest amount (2976.5 mg 100 g-1). Significant
differences were observed between rootstocks for tartaric, ascorbic, acetic, citric
and fumaric acids. Tartaric, ascorbic, citric and fumaric acids in BA 29 and
EMC rootstock were higher than the content of seedling rootstock. The most
abundant sugars in ‘Deveci’ pear were fructose (32.4, 39.27 and 42.4 g kg-1
fw, respectively) and glucose (18.7, 22.3 and 26.7 g kg-1 fw) for BA
29, EMC and seedling rootstocks. The total sugar content of the seedling
rootstock (74.0 g kg-1 fw) was higher than BA 29 (53.0 g kg-1
fw) and EMC (65.8 g kg-1 fw).
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ascorbic acid Pyrus communis fructose malic acid total sugar
Kaynakça
- Chen J., Wang Z., Wu J., Wang Q and Hu X., 2007. Chemical compositional characterization of eight pear cultivars grown in China. Food Chemistry, 104(1): 268-275.
- Colaric M., Sturm K and Stampar F., 1999. Seasonal variation of sugars and organic acids in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) in different growing systems. Plant Physiology, 39: 91-96.
- Colaric M., Stampar F., Solar A and Hudina M., 2006. Influence of branch bending on sugar, organic acid and phenolic content in fruits of ‘Williams’ pears (Pyrus communis L.). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 86: 2463-2467.
- Dolenc K and Stampar F., 1997. An investigation of the application and conditions of analyses of HPLC methods for determining sugars and organic acids in fruits. Research reports of Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana, Slovenia, 69: 99-106.
- Dziezak JD., 2003. Acids. Encyclopaedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (2nd edn) (Eds. B. Caballero, LC. Trugo and PM Finglas). Academic Press, London, pp 7-17.
- Ercisli S., 2004. A short review of the fruit germplasm resources of Turkey. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 51: 419-435.
- FAO 2017. The FAOSTAT website. http://www.faostat.org. [Access: May 10, 2017].
- Gundogdu M., Ozrenk K., Ercisli S., Kan T., Kodad O and Hegedus A., 2014. Organic acids, sugars, vitamin C content and some pomological characteristics of eleven hawthorn species (Crataegus spp.) from Turkey. Biological Research, 47: 21-26.
- Hancock JF and Lobos GA., 2008. Pears. In: Temperate Fruit Crop Breeding: Germplasm to Genomics. Berlin, Germany, Springer, pp.299-336.
- Hudina M and Stampar F., 2000. Sugars and organic acids contents of European (Pyrus communis L.) and Asian (Pyrus serotine Rehd.) pear cultivars. Acta Aliment, 29: 217-230.
- Jackson JE., 2003. Biology of apples and pears. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
- Muir JG., Rose R., Rosella O., Liels K., Barrett JS., Shepherd SJ and Gibson PR., 2009. Measurement of Short-Chain Carbohydrates in Common Australian Vegetables and Fruits by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57: 554-565.
- Nour V., Trandafr I and Ionica ME., 2010. Compositional Characteristics of Fruits of several Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Cultivars. Natulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 39(3): 228-233.
- Ozcagiran R., Unal A., Ozeker E and Isfendiyaroglu M., 2004. Pear. Temperate Fruit Trees (Pome Fruits) Volume-II. Ege University Agriculture Faculty Publications Number: 556, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey, pp 73-126 (in Turkish).
- Peck GM., Andrews PK., Reganold JP and Fellman K., 2006. Apple orchard productivity and fruit quality under organic, conventional, and integrated management, HortScience, 41: 99-107.
- Roth E., Berna A., Beullens K., Lammertyn J., Schenk A and Nicolai B., 2007. Postharvest quality of integrated and organically produced apple fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 45: 11-19.
- Sen F., Ünal A and Arda E., 2009. Bursa yöresinde yetiştirilen 'Deveci' armut çeşidinin yöresel olgunluk standartlarının ve depolama durumlarının saptanması üzerinde bir araştırma, Anadolu, 9(2): 33-48.
- Sha S., Li J., Wu J and Zhang S., 2011. Characteristics of organic acids in the fruit of different pear species. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(10): 2403-2410.
- Silva MB., Andrade PB., Mendes GC., Seabra FM and Ferreira MA., 2002. Study of the Organic Acids Composition of Quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) Fruit and Jam. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50: 2313−2317.
- TSMS 2017. Turkısh State Meteorological Service. https://mgm.gov.tr/eng/forecast-cities.aspx?m=SAMSUN. [Access: May 15, 2017].
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı 2011-2015 yılları
arasında ‘Deveci’ armudunun (Pyrus communis L.) şeker ve organik asit içeriği üzerine 3 farklı
anacın [BA 29 ve EMC (Cydonia oblonga)
ayva ve armut çöğürü (P. communis)]
etkilerini belirlemektir. Araştırmada anaçlar bakımından meyve örneklerinde
organik asit olarak; okzalik asit, tartaric asit, malik asit, askorbik asit,
asetik asit, sitrik asit, fumarik asit ve propiyonik asit, şekerler olarak ta;
fruktoz, sukroz, glikoz ve toplam şeker incelenmiştir. ‘Deveci’ armudunda
malik, askorbik ve propiyonik asit baskın organik asitler olarak
belirlenmiştir. Malik ve askorbik asit içeriği BA 29 anacından elde edilen
meyvelerde, EMC ve çöğür anacından daha yüksek bulunurken propiyonik asit içeriği
çöğürde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Malik asit içeriği BA 29 anacında en yüksek
(3425.3 mg 100 g-1), çöğür de ise en düşük (2976.5 mg 100 g-1)
miktarda bulunmuştur. Tartarik, askorbik, asetik, sitrik ve fumarik asit
bakımından anaçlar arasında önemli farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Tartarik,
askorbik, sitrik ve fumarik asit içeriği BA 29 ve EMC anacında çöğür
anacındakinden daha yüksek belirlenmiştir. BA 29, EMC ve çöğür anacı üzerine
aşılanan ‘Deveci’ armudunda fruktoz (sırasıyla, 32.4, 39.27 ve 42.4 g kg-1
taze ağırlık) ve glikoz (sırasıyla, 18.7, 22.3 ve 26.7 g kg-1 kuru
ağırlık) en fazla miktarda bulunan şekerler olmuştur. Çöğür anacı üzerine aşılı
bitkilerden elde edilen meyvelerin toplam şeker içeriği (74.0 g kg-1
taze ağırlık) BA 29 (53.0 g kg-1 taze ağırlık) ve EMC (65.8 g kg-1
taze ağırlık) anacındakinden daha yüksek belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Askorbik asit Pyrus communis fruktoz malik asit toplam şeker
Kaynakça
- Chen J., Wang Z., Wu J., Wang Q and Hu X., 2007. Chemical compositional characterization of eight pear cultivars grown in China. Food Chemistry, 104(1): 268-275.
- Colaric M., Sturm K and Stampar F., 1999. Seasonal variation of sugars and organic acids in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) in different growing systems. Plant Physiology, 39: 91-96.
- Colaric M., Stampar F., Solar A and Hudina M., 2006. Influence of branch bending on sugar, organic acid and phenolic content in fruits of ‘Williams’ pears (Pyrus communis L.). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 86: 2463-2467.
- Dolenc K and Stampar F., 1997. An investigation of the application and conditions of analyses of HPLC methods for determining sugars and organic acids in fruits. Research reports of Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana, Slovenia, 69: 99-106.
- Dziezak JD., 2003. Acids. Encyclopaedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (2nd edn) (Eds. B. Caballero, LC. Trugo and PM Finglas). Academic Press, London, pp 7-17.
- Ercisli S., 2004. A short review of the fruit germplasm resources of Turkey. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 51: 419-435.
- FAO 2017. The FAOSTAT website. http://www.faostat.org. [Access: May 10, 2017].
- Gundogdu M., Ozrenk K., Ercisli S., Kan T., Kodad O and Hegedus A., 2014. Organic acids, sugars, vitamin C content and some pomological characteristics of eleven hawthorn species (Crataegus spp.) from Turkey. Biological Research, 47: 21-26.
- Hancock JF and Lobos GA., 2008. Pears. In: Temperate Fruit Crop Breeding: Germplasm to Genomics. Berlin, Germany, Springer, pp.299-336.
- Hudina M and Stampar F., 2000. Sugars and organic acids contents of European (Pyrus communis L.) and Asian (Pyrus serotine Rehd.) pear cultivars. Acta Aliment, 29: 217-230.
- Jackson JE., 2003. Biology of apples and pears. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
- Muir JG., Rose R., Rosella O., Liels K., Barrett JS., Shepherd SJ and Gibson PR., 2009. Measurement of Short-Chain Carbohydrates in Common Australian Vegetables and Fruits by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57: 554-565.
- Nour V., Trandafr I and Ionica ME., 2010. Compositional Characteristics of Fruits of several Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Cultivars. Natulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 39(3): 228-233.
- Ozcagiran R., Unal A., Ozeker E and Isfendiyaroglu M., 2004. Pear. Temperate Fruit Trees (Pome Fruits) Volume-II. Ege University Agriculture Faculty Publications Number: 556, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey, pp 73-126 (in Turkish).
- Peck GM., Andrews PK., Reganold JP and Fellman K., 2006. Apple orchard productivity and fruit quality under organic, conventional, and integrated management, HortScience, 41: 99-107.
- Roth E., Berna A., Beullens K., Lammertyn J., Schenk A and Nicolai B., 2007. Postharvest quality of integrated and organically produced apple fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 45: 11-19.
- Sen F., Ünal A and Arda E., 2009. Bursa yöresinde yetiştirilen 'Deveci' armut çeşidinin yöresel olgunluk standartlarının ve depolama durumlarının saptanması üzerinde bir araştırma, Anadolu, 9(2): 33-48.
- Sha S., Li J., Wu J and Zhang S., 2011. Characteristics of organic acids in the fruit of different pear species. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(10): 2403-2410.
- Silva MB., Andrade PB., Mendes GC., Seabra FM and Ferreira MA., 2002. Study of the Organic Acids Composition of Quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) Fruit and Jam. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50: 2313−2317.
- TSMS 2017. Turkısh State Meteorological Service. https://mgm.gov.tr/eng/forecast-cities.aspx?m=SAMSUN. [Access: May 15, 2017].
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | Bahçe Bitkileri |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 20 Aralık 2017 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 18 Eylül 2017 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 16 Ekim 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2 |
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