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SUÇ EKONOMİSİ VE İŞSİZLİK ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 103 - 124, 08.07.2020

Öz

Suçun kaynağını belirleyen en önemli faktörlerin başında, ülkenin içinde bulunduğu genel ekonomik yapı gelmektedir. Ekonomik ortam ve suç ilişkisi bağlamında yapılan araştırmalar incelendiğinde genellikle; işsizlik, yolsuzluk, gelir, enflasyon, vergi oranları gibi göstergelerin ele alındığı görülmektedir. Özellikle Türkiye’de kronikleşen yüksek işsizlik sorununun suç eylemi ile ilişkisinin nasıl bir görünüm sergilediğini araştırmak, suçun ekonomik yapısını ve işsizliğin sosyal maliyetini belirlemek açısından son derece önemlidir. Suça ilişkin ekonomik modellerin de ele alındığı bu çalışmada, 2002-2019 yılları arasında Türkiye’de işsizlik ve mal varlığına karşı işlenen suç arasındaki ilişki, Vektör Otoregresif Modeli (VAR) aracılığıyla araştırılmıştır. Varyans ayrıştırma sonuçlarına göre suç sayısının işsizlik oranını açıklama gücünün yaklaşık %4, işsizlik oranının suç sayısını açıklama gücünün ise %8.76 olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, bulgulara göre değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli koentegrasyon ilişkisine rastlanmamıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Aaltonen, M., Macdonald, J. M., Martikainen, P. ve Kivivuor, J. (2013). Examining The Generality of The Unemployment-Crime Association, Amerikan Society of Criminology, Vol. 51, Iss. 3, 561-594.
  • Abraham, V. (2011). The Deteriorating Labour Market Conditions and Crime: An Analysis of Indian States During 2001-2008, Munich Personal Repec Archive, Paper No. 31387, 2-28.
  • Aksu, H. ve Akkuş, Y. (2010). Türkiye’de Mala Karşı Suçların Sosyoekonomik Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir Deneme: Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı (1970- 2007). Sosyoekonomi: 1/100110, Cilt: 11, 191-213.
  • Altindag, Duha T. (2012). Crime and Unemployment: Evidence from Europe. International Review of Law and Economics, 32(1), 145-157.
  • Ata, Y. A. (2011). Ücretler, İşsizlik ve Suç Arasındaki İlişki: Yatay-Kesit Analizi. Çalışma ve Toplum: 4, 113-134.
  • Becker, G. S. (1968). Crime and Punishment, An Economic Approach. National Bureau of Economic Research, 169-217.
  • Beirne, P. ve Messerschmidt, J. (1991). Criminology, Philadelphia: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 11.
  • Buonanno, P., Drago, F. ve Galbiati, R. (2014). Response of Crime To Unemployment: An International Comparison. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice: 30, 29-40.
  • Buonanno, P. ve Daniel M. (2008). Identifying the SocioEconomic and Demographic Determinants of Crime Across Spanish Provinces. International Review of Law and Economics, 28(2), 89-97.
  • Carmıchael, F. ve Robert W. (2001). Male Unemployment and Crime in England and Wales. Economics Letters, 73, 111-115.
  • Cerro, A. ve Osvaldo M. M. (2000). Determinants of the Crime Rate in Argentina During the 90’s”. Estudios de Economia, 27, 297-311.
  • Çakmak, C. ve Güney, A. (2011). Suçun Ekonomik Bir Belirleyicisi Olarak İşsizlik:1990-2009 Türkiye Analizi, Sekine Bozdemir ve Uğur Argun (Ed), Suç Önleme Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, Bursa Emniyet Müdürlüğü Yayınları No:1, Bursa, 222-243.
  • Çakmak, İ. (2015). İktisadi Yapı, Suç Ekonomisi Teorileri ve Suç: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Ampirik Analiz, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
  • Demirbaş, T. (2014). Kriminoloji (Gözden Geçirilmiş 5. Baskı), Ankara, Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Dumitru, R. A. M. (2012). The Relationship Between Crime Rate, Unemployment Rate and The Share of Total School Population: A Multifactorial Model. International Journal of Criminal Investigation, Vol. 2, 141-159.
  • Dursun, Hasan (1997), Suçun Ekonomik Modelleri, DPT Yayını, Ankara, 4.
  • Dursun, S., Aytaç, S. ve Topbaş, F. (2011). The Effects of Unemployment and Income on Crime: A Panel Data Analysis on Turkey, Annales XLIII, No. 60, 125-138.
  • Edmark K. (2005). Unemployment and Crime: Is There a Connection? Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 107(2), 353-373.
  • Ehrlich, I.(1973). Participation in Illegitimate Activities: A Theorical and Emprical Investigation. The Journal of Political Economy, 81(3): 521-565.
  • Ehrlich, I. (1981). On the Usefulness of Controlling Individuals: An Economic Analysis of Rehabilitation, Incapacitation and Deterrence. The American Economic Review, 71(3): 307-322.
  • Ehrlich, I. (1996). Crime, Punishment, and the Market for Offenses. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10(1): 43-67.
  • Entorf, H. ve Sieger, P. (2014). Does the Link Between Unemployment and Crime Depend on The Crime Level? A Quantile Regression Approach. Forschungsinstitut Zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor, Discussion Paper No. 8334, 2-32.
  • Entorf, H. ve Spengler, P. (2000). Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors of Crime in Germany: Evidence From Panel Data of the German States. International Review of Law and Economics, 20(1), 75-106.
  • Fallahi, F., Pourtaghi, H. ve Rodriguez, G. (2012). The Unemployment Rate, Unemployment Volatility, and Crime. International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 39, No. 6, 440-448.
  • Fleisher, B. M. (1966). The Effect of Income on Delinquency. The American Economic Review, 56(1/2), 118-137.
  • Freeman, Richard B. (1994). Crime and The Job Market, NBER Working Paper Series, 4910.
  • Gillani, S. Y. M., Khan, R. E. A. ve Gill, A. R. (2011). Unemployment and Property Crimes in Pakistan. Asian Economic and Financial Review, Vol.1 Iss.3, 125-135.
  • Gillani, S. Y. M., Rehman, H. U. ve Gill, A. R. (2009). Unemployment, Poverty, Inflation and Crime Nexus: Cointegration and Causality Analysis of Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, Vol. 47, No. 1, 79- 98.
  • Grogger, J. (1998). Market Wages and Youth Crime. Journal of Labor Economics, 16(4): 756-791.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (2001). Temel Ekonometri, Çeviri: Ümit Şenesen ve Gülay G. Şenesen, Literatür Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 790.
  • Güvel, E. A. (2004). Suç ve Ceza Ekonomisi, Ankara: Roma Yayınları, 63.
  • Heineke, J. (1978). Economic Models of Criminal Behavior: An Overview. Southern Economic Journal, 46(4), 1255-1257.
  • Hirschey, M. ve Pappas, J. L. (1993). Managerial Economics (8. Edition), Philadelphia: The Dryden Press.
  • Hojman, D. E. (2002). Explaining Crime in Buenos Aires: The Roles of Inequality, Unemployment and Structural Change”, Bulletin of Latin American Research, 21(1), 121-128.
  • Hooghe, M., Vanhoutte, B., Hardyns, W. ve Bircan, T. (2011). Unemployment, Inequality, Poverty and Crime Spatial Distribution Patterns of Criminal Acts in Belgium 2001-2006, Brit. J. Criminol, 51, 1-20.
  • Janko, Z. ve Popli, G. (2015). Examining the Link Between Crime And Unemployment: A Time-Series Analysis For Canada. Applied Economics, 47 (37), 4007-4019.
  • Kahneman, D. ve Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk. Econometrica: Journal of The Econometric Society, Vol.47, No.2, 263-264.
  • Kaya, V. M. ve Bozkurt, İ. (2011). İşsizlik, Kişi Başına Milli Gelir (Yoksulluk), Suç Oranı ve Yeşil Kart: 1993-2009 Türkiye Örneği. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Sayı 30, 133-140.
  • Kearney, C. ve Monadjemi, M. (1990). Fiscal Policy and Current Account Performance: International Evidence on the Twin Deficits. Journal of Macroeconomics, 12 (2): 197-219.
  • Kesbiç, C. Yenal ve Dündar, Ö. (2017). İşsizlik ve Suç Arasındaki İlişkiye Teorik Bir Bakış. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Dergisi, Cilt:24, Sayı:2, 327-348.
  • Kilishi, A. A., Mobolaji, H. I., Usman, A., Yakubu, A. T. ve Yaru, M. A. (2014). The Effect of Unemployment on Crime in Nigeria: A Panel Data Analysis. British Journal of Economics Management and Trade, Vol.4 Iss.6, 880-895.
  • Lastauskas, P. ve Tatsi, E. (2013). Spatial Nexus in Crime and Unemployment in Times of Crisis: Evidence from Germany. University of Cambridge, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, 1-50.
  • Lattimore, P. K. ve A. D. Witte (1986). Models of Decisionmaking Under Uncertainty, D.B. Cornish and B. V. Clarke (Ede.), The Reasoning Criminali Rational Choice Perspectives on Offending, 129-155.
  • Lee, Daniel Y. (2006). Unemployment and Crime:An Empirical Investigation. Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Economic Assocation, 80-88.
  • Lobont, Oana-Ramona (2017). The Effect Of Socioeconomic Factors On Crime Rates İn Romania: A Macro-Level Analysis. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 30(1), 91-111.
  • Maddah, M. (2013). An Empirical Analysis of The Relationship Between Unemployment and Theft Crimes. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Vol. 3, Iss. 1, 50-53.
  • Mulok, D. (2016). The Relationship between Crime and Economic Growth in Malaysia: Re Examine Using Bound Test Approach. Malaysian Journal of Business and Economics, 3(1), 14-26.
  • Papps, K. ve Rainer W. (1998). Unemployment and Crime: New Answer to an Old Question. IZA Discussion Paper, 25, 125.
  • Raphael S. ve Winter-Ebmer R. (2001). Identifying the Effect of Unemployment on Crime. Journal of Law and Economics, 44(1), 259-283.
  • Saridakis, G. ve Spengler, H. (2009). Crime, Deterrence and Unemployment in Greece: A Panel Data Approach. Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Discussion Papers: 853, 2-9.
  • Schmidt, P. ve Witte, A. D. (1984). An Economic Analysis of Crime and Justice: Theory, Methods and Applications, New York, Academic Press, 416.
  • Speziale, N. (2014). Does Unemployment Increase Crime? Evidence From Italian Provinces. Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 21, Iss. 15, 1083-1089.
  • Tang, C. F. (2009). The Linkages Among Inflation, Unemployment and Crime Rates in Malaysia. Int. Journal of Economics and Management, Vol. 3 Iss. 1, 50-61.
  • Terande, T. J. ve Clement, A. C. (2014). The Relationship Between Unemployment, Inflation and Crime: An Application of Cointegration and Causality Analysis in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, Vol. 5, Iss. 4, 131-137.
  • Umaru, A., Donga, M., Gambo E. J. ve Yakubu, K. M. (2013). Relationship Between Crime Level, Unemployment, Poverty, Corruption and Inflation in Nigeria (An Empirical Analysis). Global Advanced Research Journal of Management and Business Studies, Vol. 2 Iss.8, 411-422.
  • Wıtte, Ann D. ve Helen T. (1994). Work and Crime; An Exploration Using Panel Data. Public Finance, 49, 55-167.
  • Witt, R., Clarke, A. ve Fielding A. (1999). Crime and Economic Activity: A Panel Data Approach. British Journal of Criminology, 39(3), 391-400.
  • Witte, A. D. ve Tauchen, H. (1994). Work and Crime: An Exploration Using Panel Data. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 4794,1-19.
  • Wu, D. ve Wu, Z. (2011). Crime, Inequality and Unemployment in England and Wales. Applied Economics, Vol. 44, Iss. 29, 1-28.
  • Yorulmaz, Ö. ve Yakut, Selay G. (2017). Türkiye’de Suç Oranını Etkileyen Sosyoekonomik Faktörlerin İncelenmesi: Path Analizine Dayanıklı Yaklaşım. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 39(1), 307-322.
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 103 - 124, 08.07.2020

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Aaltonen, M., Macdonald, J. M., Martikainen, P. ve Kivivuor, J. (2013). Examining The Generality of The Unemployment-Crime Association, Amerikan Society of Criminology, Vol. 51, Iss. 3, 561-594.
  • Abraham, V. (2011). The Deteriorating Labour Market Conditions and Crime: An Analysis of Indian States During 2001-2008, Munich Personal Repec Archive, Paper No. 31387, 2-28.
  • Aksu, H. ve Akkuş, Y. (2010). Türkiye’de Mala Karşı Suçların Sosyoekonomik Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir Deneme: Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı (1970- 2007). Sosyoekonomi: 1/100110, Cilt: 11, 191-213.
  • Altindag, Duha T. (2012). Crime and Unemployment: Evidence from Europe. International Review of Law and Economics, 32(1), 145-157.
  • Ata, Y. A. (2011). Ücretler, İşsizlik ve Suç Arasındaki İlişki: Yatay-Kesit Analizi. Çalışma ve Toplum: 4, 113-134.
  • Becker, G. S. (1968). Crime and Punishment, An Economic Approach. National Bureau of Economic Research, 169-217.
  • Beirne, P. ve Messerschmidt, J. (1991). Criminology, Philadelphia: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 11.
  • Buonanno, P., Drago, F. ve Galbiati, R. (2014). Response of Crime To Unemployment: An International Comparison. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice: 30, 29-40.
  • Buonanno, P. ve Daniel M. (2008). Identifying the SocioEconomic and Demographic Determinants of Crime Across Spanish Provinces. International Review of Law and Economics, 28(2), 89-97.
  • Carmıchael, F. ve Robert W. (2001). Male Unemployment and Crime in England and Wales. Economics Letters, 73, 111-115.
  • Cerro, A. ve Osvaldo M. M. (2000). Determinants of the Crime Rate in Argentina During the 90’s”. Estudios de Economia, 27, 297-311.
  • Çakmak, C. ve Güney, A. (2011). Suçun Ekonomik Bir Belirleyicisi Olarak İşsizlik:1990-2009 Türkiye Analizi, Sekine Bozdemir ve Uğur Argun (Ed), Suç Önleme Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, Bursa Emniyet Müdürlüğü Yayınları No:1, Bursa, 222-243.
  • Çakmak, İ. (2015). İktisadi Yapı, Suç Ekonomisi Teorileri ve Suç: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Ampirik Analiz, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
  • Demirbaş, T. (2014). Kriminoloji (Gözden Geçirilmiş 5. Baskı), Ankara, Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Dumitru, R. A. M. (2012). The Relationship Between Crime Rate, Unemployment Rate and The Share of Total School Population: A Multifactorial Model. International Journal of Criminal Investigation, Vol. 2, 141-159.
  • Dursun, Hasan (1997), Suçun Ekonomik Modelleri, DPT Yayını, Ankara, 4.
  • Dursun, S., Aytaç, S. ve Topbaş, F. (2011). The Effects of Unemployment and Income on Crime: A Panel Data Analysis on Turkey, Annales XLIII, No. 60, 125-138.
  • Edmark K. (2005). Unemployment and Crime: Is There a Connection? Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 107(2), 353-373.
  • Ehrlich, I.(1973). Participation in Illegitimate Activities: A Theorical and Emprical Investigation. The Journal of Political Economy, 81(3): 521-565.
  • Ehrlich, I. (1981). On the Usefulness of Controlling Individuals: An Economic Analysis of Rehabilitation, Incapacitation and Deterrence. The American Economic Review, 71(3): 307-322.
  • Ehrlich, I. (1996). Crime, Punishment, and the Market for Offenses. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10(1): 43-67.
  • Entorf, H. ve Sieger, P. (2014). Does the Link Between Unemployment and Crime Depend on The Crime Level? A Quantile Regression Approach. Forschungsinstitut Zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor, Discussion Paper No. 8334, 2-32.
  • Entorf, H. ve Spengler, P. (2000). Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors of Crime in Germany: Evidence From Panel Data of the German States. International Review of Law and Economics, 20(1), 75-106.
  • Fallahi, F., Pourtaghi, H. ve Rodriguez, G. (2012). The Unemployment Rate, Unemployment Volatility, and Crime. International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 39, No. 6, 440-448.
  • Fleisher, B. M. (1966). The Effect of Income on Delinquency. The American Economic Review, 56(1/2), 118-137.
  • Freeman, Richard B. (1994). Crime and The Job Market, NBER Working Paper Series, 4910.
  • Gillani, S. Y. M., Khan, R. E. A. ve Gill, A. R. (2011). Unemployment and Property Crimes in Pakistan. Asian Economic and Financial Review, Vol.1 Iss.3, 125-135.
  • Gillani, S. Y. M., Rehman, H. U. ve Gill, A. R. (2009). Unemployment, Poverty, Inflation and Crime Nexus: Cointegration and Causality Analysis of Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, Vol. 47, No. 1, 79- 98.
  • Grogger, J. (1998). Market Wages and Youth Crime. Journal of Labor Economics, 16(4): 756-791.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (2001). Temel Ekonometri, Çeviri: Ümit Şenesen ve Gülay G. Şenesen, Literatür Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 790.
  • Güvel, E. A. (2004). Suç ve Ceza Ekonomisi, Ankara: Roma Yayınları, 63.
  • Heineke, J. (1978). Economic Models of Criminal Behavior: An Overview. Southern Economic Journal, 46(4), 1255-1257.
  • Hirschey, M. ve Pappas, J. L. (1993). Managerial Economics (8. Edition), Philadelphia: The Dryden Press.
  • Hojman, D. E. (2002). Explaining Crime in Buenos Aires: The Roles of Inequality, Unemployment and Structural Change”, Bulletin of Latin American Research, 21(1), 121-128.
  • Hooghe, M., Vanhoutte, B., Hardyns, W. ve Bircan, T. (2011). Unemployment, Inequality, Poverty and Crime Spatial Distribution Patterns of Criminal Acts in Belgium 2001-2006, Brit. J. Criminol, 51, 1-20.
  • Janko, Z. ve Popli, G. (2015). Examining the Link Between Crime And Unemployment: A Time-Series Analysis For Canada. Applied Economics, 47 (37), 4007-4019.
  • Kahneman, D. ve Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk. Econometrica: Journal of The Econometric Society, Vol.47, No.2, 263-264.
  • Kaya, V. M. ve Bozkurt, İ. (2011). İşsizlik, Kişi Başına Milli Gelir (Yoksulluk), Suç Oranı ve Yeşil Kart: 1993-2009 Türkiye Örneği. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Sayı 30, 133-140.
  • Kearney, C. ve Monadjemi, M. (1990). Fiscal Policy and Current Account Performance: International Evidence on the Twin Deficits. Journal of Macroeconomics, 12 (2): 197-219.
  • Kesbiç, C. Yenal ve Dündar, Ö. (2017). İşsizlik ve Suç Arasındaki İlişkiye Teorik Bir Bakış. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Dergisi, Cilt:24, Sayı:2, 327-348.
  • Kilishi, A. A., Mobolaji, H. I., Usman, A., Yakubu, A. T. ve Yaru, M. A. (2014). The Effect of Unemployment on Crime in Nigeria: A Panel Data Analysis. British Journal of Economics Management and Trade, Vol.4 Iss.6, 880-895.
  • Lastauskas, P. ve Tatsi, E. (2013). Spatial Nexus in Crime and Unemployment in Times of Crisis: Evidence from Germany. University of Cambridge, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, 1-50.
  • Lattimore, P. K. ve A. D. Witte (1986). Models of Decisionmaking Under Uncertainty, D.B. Cornish and B. V. Clarke (Ede.), The Reasoning Criminali Rational Choice Perspectives on Offending, 129-155.
  • Lee, Daniel Y. (2006). Unemployment and Crime:An Empirical Investigation. Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Economic Assocation, 80-88.
  • Lobont, Oana-Ramona (2017). The Effect Of Socioeconomic Factors On Crime Rates İn Romania: A Macro-Level Analysis. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 30(1), 91-111.
  • Maddah, M. (2013). An Empirical Analysis of The Relationship Between Unemployment and Theft Crimes. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Vol. 3, Iss. 1, 50-53.
  • Mulok, D. (2016). The Relationship between Crime and Economic Growth in Malaysia: Re Examine Using Bound Test Approach. Malaysian Journal of Business and Economics, 3(1), 14-26.
  • Papps, K. ve Rainer W. (1998). Unemployment and Crime: New Answer to an Old Question. IZA Discussion Paper, 25, 125.
  • Raphael S. ve Winter-Ebmer R. (2001). Identifying the Effect of Unemployment on Crime. Journal of Law and Economics, 44(1), 259-283.
  • Saridakis, G. ve Spengler, H. (2009). Crime, Deterrence and Unemployment in Greece: A Panel Data Approach. Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Discussion Papers: 853, 2-9.
  • Schmidt, P. ve Witte, A. D. (1984). An Economic Analysis of Crime and Justice: Theory, Methods and Applications, New York, Academic Press, 416.
  • Speziale, N. (2014). Does Unemployment Increase Crime? Evidence From Italian Provinces. Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 21, Iss. 15, 1083-1089.
  • Tang, C. F. (2009). The Linkages Among Inflation, Unemployment and Crime Rates in Malaysia. Int. Journal of Economics and Management, Vol. 3 Iss. 1, 50-61.
  • Terande, T. J. ve Clement, A. C. (2014). The Relationship Between Unemployment, Inflation and Crime: An Application of Cointegration and Causality Analysis in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, Vol. 5, Iss. 4, 131-137.
  • Umaru, A., Donga, M., Gambo E. J. ve Yakubu, K. M. (2013). Relationship Between Crime Level, Unemployment, Poverty, Corruption and Inflation in Nigeria (An Empirical Analysis). Global Advanced Research Journal of Management and Business Studies, Vol. 2 Iss.8, 411-422.
  • Wıtte, Ann D. ve Helen T. (1994). Work and Crime; An Exploration Using Panel Data. Public Finance, 49, 55-167.
  • Witt, R., Clarke, A. ve Fielding A. (1999). Crime and Economic Activity: A Panel Data Approach. British Journal of Criminology, 39(3), 391-400.
  • Witte, A. D. ve Tauchen, H. (1994). Work and Crime: An Exploration Using Panel Data. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 4794,1-19.
  • Wu, D. ve Wu, Z. (2011). Crime, Inequality and Unemployment in England and Wales. Applied Economics, Vol. 44, Iss. 29, 1-28.
  • Yorulmaz, Ö. ve Yakut, Selay G. (2017). Türkiye’de Suç Oranını Etkileyen Sosyoekonomik Faktörlerin İncelenmesi: Path Analizine Dayanıklı Yaklaşım. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 39(1), 307-322.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Murat Yılmaz 0000-0003-1668-7604

Yayımlanma Tarihi 8 Temmuz 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2020
Kabul Tarihi 8 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, M. (2020). SUÇ EKONOMİSİ VE İŞSİZLİK ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA. 19 Mayıs Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 103-124.