Doğal Afet Riski Taşıyan Bölgelerde İşletme Yer Seçiminde Dikkat Edilmesi Gereken Faktörlere Dair Literatür İncelemesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 172 - 182, 30.06.2024

Neslihan Kaya Akçaoğlu , Yasemin Tatlı

https://doi.org/10.52835/19maysbd.1499869

Öz

İşletmelerin faaliyetlerini sürdürdüğü coğrafi yeri ifade eden kuruluş yeri bir işletmenin ayakta kalması ve sürdürülebilirliği için kritik öneme sahiptir. Sanayi tesisleri sadece kurucuların değil aynı zamanda ekonominin ve ülke refahının ana unsurlarındandır. Bu açıdan bakıldığında sanayi tesisleri sadece İşletme disiplininin değil ekonomik coğrafyanın da önde gelen inceleme alanları arasındadır. Ekonomi ve coğrafya açısından bakıldığında kuruluş yeri seçerken doğal afetler üzerinde durulması da önem arz etmektedir. Doğal afetlerin insanlar ve onların kurduğu yapılara etkisi insanın yeryüzündeki yaşam yolculuğu ile başlar. Tabii ki oluşum ve etkileri oluştuğu coğrafya ve zamana göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de afet riski taşıyan bölgelerde sanayi tesislerinin kurulacağı yerin neresi olacağı önemli bir karardır. Çünkü oluşabilecek afet tıpkı insanların yaşadığı konutları etkilediği gibi sanayi kuruluşlarının iş operasyonlarını ve varlıklarını ciddi şekilde etkileme potansiyeline sahiptir. Afet riski yüksek olan bölgelerde kuruluş yeri seçerken; bölgedeki jeolojik ve sismik riskler, iklimsel tehditler, mevcut su kaynakları ve sel riskleri, yangın riski, toprak kaymaları ve heyelanlar, tsunami riski, fırtına ve hortumlar, bölgenin altyapısı ve ulaşım imkânları, sigorta ve acil durum planları, yerel yönetmelikler ve izinler ve topluluk ilişkileri dikkate alınması gereken faktörler arasındadır. Çalışmada afet riski yüksek olan bölgelerde yer seçimi yaparken hangi faktörlere dikkat edilmesi gerektiği ve iyi uygulama örneklerine değinilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kuruluş Yeri Seçimi, Doğal Afetler, Üretim Yönetimi

Kaynakça

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