Doğal Afet Riski Taşıyan Bölgelerde İşletme Yer Seçiminde Dikkat Edilmesi Gereken Faktörlere Dair Literatür İncelemesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 172 - 182, 30.06.2024

Neslihan Kaya Akçaoğlu Yasemin Tatlı

https://doi.org/10.52835/19maysbd.1499869

Öz

İşletmelerin faaliyetlerini sürdürdüğü coğrafi yeri ifade eden kuruluş yeri bir işletmenin ayakta kalması ve sürdürülebilirliği için kritik öneme sahiptir. Sanayi tesisleri sadece kurucuların değil aynı zamanda ekonominin ve ülke refahının ana unsurlarındandır. Bu açıdan bakıldığında sanayi tesisleri sadece İşletme disiplininin değil ekonomik coğrafyanın da önde gelen inceleme alanları arasındadır. Ekonomi ve coğrafya açısından bakıldığında kuruluş yeri seçerken doğal afetler üzerinde durulması da önem arz etmektedir. Doğal afetlerin insanlar ve onların kurduğu yapılara etkisi insanın yeryüzündeki yaşam yolculuğu ile başlar. Tabii ki oluşum ve etkileri oluştuğu coğrafya ve zamana göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de afet riski taşıyan bölgelerde sanayi tesislerinin kurulacağı yerin neresi olacağı önemli bir karardır. Çünkü oluşabilecek afet tıpkı insanların yaşadığı konutları etkilediği gibi sanayi kuruluşlarının iş operasyonlarını ve varlıklarını ciddi şekilde etkileme potansiyeline sahiptir. Afet riski yüksek olan bölgelerde kuruluş yeri seçerken; bölgedeki jeolojik ve sismik riskler, iklimsel tehditler, mevcut su kaynakları ve sel riskleri, yangın riski, toprak kaymaları ve heyelanlar, tsunami riski, fırtına ve hortumlar, bölgenin altyapısı ve ulaşım imkânları, sigorta ve acil durum planları, yerel yönetmelikler ve izinler ve topluluk ilişkileri dikkate alınması gereken faktörler arasındadır. Çalışmada afet riski yüksek olan bölgelerde yer seçimi yaparken hangi faktörlere dikkat edilmesi gerektiği ve iyi uygulama örneklerine değinilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kuruluş Yeri Seçimi, Doğal Afetler, Üretim Yönetimi

Kaynakça

• Amelia, S. and Guswandi., (2023). Spatiotemporal distribution pattern and spatial clustering of landslide-and flood-prone areas in metropolitan palapa, indonesia. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 18(3), 909-918. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.180326
• Amin, C., Sukamdi, S., & Rijanta, R. (2018). Exploring typology of residents staying in disaster-prone areas: a case study in Tambak Lorok, Semarang, Indonesia. Forum Geografi, 32(1), 24-37. https://doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v32i1.5817
• Arar, T., Karaoğlan, S., & Dirik, C. (2019). Office location selection by fuzzy ahp and vikor. International Journal of Information and Decision Sciences, 11(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijids.2019.10017112
• Arifin, S., Wicaksono, S. S., Sumarto, S., Martitah, M., & Sulistianingsih, D. (2021). Disaster resilient village-based approach to disaster risk reduction policy in indonesia: a regulatory analysis. Jàmbá Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v13i1.1021
• Bakema, M., Parra, C., & McCann, P. (2018). Analyzing the social lead-up to a human-induced disaster: the gas extraction-earthquake nexus in groningen, the netherlands. Sustainability, 10(10), 3621. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103621
• Bernile, G., Bhagwat, V., Kecskés, A., & Nguyen, P. A. (2020). Are the risk attitudes of professional investors affected by personal catastrophic experiences?. Financial Management, 50(2), 455-486. https://doi.org/10.1111/fima.12328
• Boutkhoum, O., Hanine, M., Agouti, T., & Tikniouine, A. (2015). An improved hybrid multi-criteria/multidimensional model for strategic industrial location selection: casablanca industrial zones as a case study. Springerplus, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1404-x
• Braccini, A. and Margherita, E. (2018). Exploring organizational sustainability of industry 4.0 under the triple bottom line: the case of a manufacturing company. Sustainability, 11(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010036
• Cavallo, E., & Noy, I. (2010). The economics of natural disasters: A survey. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, 5(1), 63-102.
• Chen, J., Liu, L., Pei, J., & Deng, M. (2021). An ensemble risk assessment model for urban rainstorm disasters based on random forest and deep belief nets: a case study of nanjing, china. Natural Hazards, 107(3), 2671-2692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04630-y
• Chmutina, K. and Meding, J. v. (2019). A dilemma of language: “natural disasters” in academic literature. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 10(3), 283-292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-019-00232-2
• Chou, T., Hsu, C., & Chen, M. (2008). A fuzzy multi-criteria decision model for international tourist hotels location selection. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(2), 293-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2007.07.029
• Dewanti, D. S., Ayuwat, D., & Yongvanit, S. (2019). Household disaster management capacities in disaster prone ii area of mt. slamet. Jàmbá Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v11i1.649
• Demirdöğen, O. (2019). “Kuruluş Yeri Seçimi ve Değerleme Yöntemleri”, Üretim Yönetimi (Ed. Dilşad Güzel). Atatürk Üniversitesi Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayını, Erzurum. ISBN: 978-605-7894-18-2.
• Farokhi, M. and Rao, D. (2016). A study on lean manufacturing in india. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology, 04(11). https://doi.org/10.18535/ijmeit/v4i11.01
• Frijters, P., Johnston, D. W., Knott, R. J., & Torgler, B. (2023). Importance of religion after adversity. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 63(1), 62-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12879
• Geng, S., Hou, H., & Zhang, S. (2020). Multi-criteria location model of emergency shelters in humanitarian logistics. Sustainability, 12(5), 1759. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051759
• Ghobakhloo, M. (2018). The future of manufacturing industry: a strategic roadmap toward industry 4.0. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 29(6), 910-936. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-02-2018-0057
• Guo, X., Zhang, G., & Zhang, Y. (2022). A comprehensive review of blockchain technology-enabled smart manufacturing: a framework, challenges and future research directions. Sensors, 23(1), 155. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010155
• Iyer‐Raniga, U. and Marshall, L. (2020). Local disaster risk reduction strategies focusing on small island developing states. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69625-6_17-1
• Keating, A., Campbell, K., Mechler, R., Magnuszewski, P., Mochizuki, J., Liu, W., … & McQuistan, C. (2016). Disaster resilience: what it is and how it can engender a meaningful change in development policy. Development Policy Review, 35(1), 65-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12201
• Kellenberg, D. and Mobarak, A. (2008). Does rising income increase or decrease damage risk from natural disasters?. Journal of Urban Economics, 63(3), 788-802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2007.05.003
• Kelman, I. (2018). Disaster by Choice: How our actions turn natural hazards into catastrophes. Oxford University Press.
• Kesumaningtyas, M. A., Hafida, S. H. N., & Musiyam, M. (2022). Analysis of disaster literacy on student behavioral responses in efforts to reduce earthquake disaster risk at sma negeri 1 klaten. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 986(1), 012013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/986/1/012013
• Krisanti, M. W. W., Paripurno, E. T., Nugroho, A. R. B., Maharani, Y. N., & Prasetya, J. D. (2024). Community-based land use models for sustainable livelihoods in merapi volcano disaster prone areas iii in sleman regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1314(1), 012048. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1314/1/012048
• Kuntjorowati, E., Hermawati, I., Ikawati, Rusmiyati, C., Cahyono, S. A. T., & Purnama, A.. (2022). Analysis of the benefits of social assistance policy for victims of natural disasters. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1109(1), 012032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1109/1/012032
• Li, X., Wang, H., Shen, Y., Liu, S., Zhai, L., & Jiang, C. (2019). Disaster-and-evacuation-aware backup datacenter placement based on multi-objective optimization. IEEE Access, 7, 48196-48208. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2909084
• Liu, C., Su, Z., & Xu, X. (2022). Service-oriented industrial internet of things gateway for cloud manufacturing. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 73, 102217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2021.102217
• Loayza, N. V., Olaberría, E., Rigolini, J., & Christiaensen, L. (2012). Natural disasters and growth: Going beyond the averages. World Development, 40(7), 1317-1336.
• Lukman, S., Sumarmi, P., Bachri, S., Utomo, D. H., & Triwahyuni, E. (2021). Relationship of knowledge and attitudes with disaster preparedness in high school students. Perspectives of Science and Education, 51(3), 261-272. https://doi.org/10.32744/pse.2021.3.18
• Massazza, A., Brewin, C. R., & Joffe, H. (2019). The nature of “natural disasters”: survivors’ explanations of earthquake damage. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 10(3), 293-305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-019-0223-z
• Mayangsari, D., Hafida, S. H. N., Isa, N. K. M., Ibrahim, M. H. b., Musiyam, M., & Permana, M. F. C. (2024). Analysis of behavioral adaptability to student resilience in coping with landslide natural disaster. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1314(1), 012112. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1314/1/012112
• MacCarthy, B. and Atthirawong, W. (2003). Factors affecting location decisions in international operations – a delphi study. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 23(7), 794-818. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570310481568
• Muryani, C., Sarwono, Tjahjono, G. A., & Nugraha, S. (2022). Evaluation of safe school readiness for landslide in Tawangmangu and Matesih District, Karanganyar Regency, Indonesia, the Year 2021. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 986(1), 012009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/986/1/012009
• N, C. D. T. and Pigawati, B. (2021). The pattern of settlement distribution in disaster prone areas of semarang city. Jurnal Teknik Sipil Dan Perencanaan, 23(2), 94-103. https://doi.org/10.15294/jtsp.v23i2.30292
• Nedeljković, M. (2023). Selection of the location of the distribution center for agricultural products. Ekonomika Poljoprivrede, 70(4), 1075-1087. https://doi.org/10.59267/ekopolj23041075n
• Noy, I. (2009). The macroeconomic consequences of disasters. Journal of Development Economics, 88(2), 221-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.02.005
• Perez-Benitez, V., Gemar, G., & Hernández, M. (2021). Multi-criteria analysis for business location decisions. Mathematics, 9(20), 2615. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9202615
• Raharjo, E. P., Sarjana, S., & Safitri, M. (2022). Transportation infrastructure planning in supporting disaster mitigation: case study in mount gamalama. Jàmbá Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v14i1.1123
• Rahmawati, N., Rozaki, Z., Al Riyadh, R. Z., & Susanawati, S. (2023). Feasibility and risks of chili farming in disaster-prone areas of mount merapi, indonesia. Agro Ekonomi, 34(2), 69. https://doi.org/10.22146/ae.82362
• Rakuasa, H., Supriatna, S., Karsidi, A., Rifai, A., Tambunan, M., & K, A. P. (2022). Spatial dynamics model of earthquake prone area in ambon city. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1039(1), 012057. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1039/1/012057
• Rasmussen, T. (2004). Macroeconomic implications of natural disasters in the caribbean. IMF Working Papers, 2004(224), 1. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451875355.001
• Rodríguez-Espíndola, O. (2023). Two-stage stochastic formulation for relief operations with multiple agencies in simultaneous disasters. Or Spectrum, 45(2), 477-523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00291-023-00705-3
• Ronggowulan, L., Nugraha, S., Wibowo, Y. A., Saputro, H. D., & Hapsari, K. S. (2024). Knowledge of disaster safe education at landslide-prone schools in tawangmangu, indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1314(1), 012021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1314/1/012021.
• Sabırsız, E. ve Şöhret, M. (2024). 6 Şubat Depremlerinin Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerindeki Makroekonomik, Sosyal Ve Çevresel Etkileri. Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 15(1), 571 - 597. Doi: 10.54688/ayd.1390984.
• Sari, D. A. P. and Ridhani, C. (2022). Exploring people’s reasons of living in disaster-prone area and promoting disaster risk reduction in urban planning. Proceedings of the First Mandalika International Multi-Conference on Science and Engineering 2022, MIMSE 2022 (Civil and Archit, 126-138. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-088-6_14
• Setiawan, E., Setiyadi, A., & Prakoso, W. (2020). Recommendation system for determining micro, small and medium enterprise business locations. Ijnmt (International Journal of New Media Technology), 7(2), 82-89. https://doi.org/10.31937/ijnmt.v7i2.1499
• Skidmore, M., & Toya, H. (2002). Do natural disasters promote long-run growth? Economic Inquiry, 40(4), 664-687.
• Suradi, Sumarno, S., Sugiyanto, Nainggolan, T., Murni, R., Erwinsyah, R., & Andriyani, L.. (2022). Synergy between Disaster Preparedness Area program with local institutions for community disaster preparedness. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1027(1), 012018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1027/1/012018
• Stulga, P., Whitfield, R., Love, J., & Evans, D. (2022). Towards sustainable manufacturing with industry 4.0: a framework for the textile industry. Proceedings of the Design Society, 2, 283-292. https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.30
• Tripathi, V., Chattopadhyaya, S., Mukhopadhyay, A., Saraswat, S., Sharma, S., Li, C., … & Georgise, F. (2022). A novel smart production management system for the enhancement of industrial sustainability in industry 4.0. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2022, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6424869
• Tümertekin, E., Özgüç, N. (2018). Ekonomik coğrafya: Küreselleşme ve kalkınma. Çantay Yayınları.
• Wang, H. and Li, B. (2021). Environmental regulations, capacity utilization, and high-quality development of manufacturing: an analysis based on chinese provincial panel data. Scientific Reports, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98787-y
• Wibowo, Y. A., Septiningrum, U. A. D., Dewi, R. P., & Ronggowulan, L. (2024). Disaster risk reduction in elementary schools in flood-prone areas (case: disaster risk reduction in grogol flood-prone areas, indonesia). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1314(1), 012056. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1314/1/012056
• Wijayanti, A. and Hafida, S. H. N. (2023). Analysis of the psychological adaptability of high school students in disaster-prone areas of mount merapi. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1190(1), 012033. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1190/1/012033
• Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., & Davis, I. (2004). At Risk: Natural Hazards, People's Vulnerability and Disasters. Routledge.
• Yalaz, H. Ö. (2023). Compulsory earthquake insurance and insurance subsidy in turkey.. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.1233.v1
• Yusuf, R., Razali, Sanusi, Maimun, Fajri, I., & Gani, S. A.. (2022). Disaster education in disaster-prone schools: a systematic review. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1041(1), 012034. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1041/1/012034
• Zhang, R., Zhang, Y., & Dai, Z. (2022). Impact of natural disasters on mental health: a cross-sectional study based on the 2014 china family panel survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 2511. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052511
• Zhou, Y., Yue, D., Liang, G., Li, S., Zhao, Y., Chao, Z., … & Meng, X. (2022). Risk assessment of debris flow in a mountain-basin area, western china. Remote Sensing, 14(12), 2942. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122942