Abstract

The European Union Foreign Security and Defense policies have always been a strategic issue for the Union. The Union has been debating on these policies since the beginning of the 70’s which is the period of time coincides with the introduction of the European Political Coorperation EPC Today the discussion mostly centers on the Common Foreign and Security Policy CFSP which is the successor of EPC, and the European Security and Defense Policy ESDP which was in fact derived from the CFSP itself. There are two main points of debate behind these discussions. The first is whether the Union has the capability and strength to act in a civilian, normative or military capacity. The second question is will both the CFSP and ESDP be successful enough to assert the strength of the EU on the international stage. The main discussion within this paper assumes that the EU is in fact an active force, although it manifests some shortcomings which are that the EU lacks a clear and stable political and institutional identity. To address the second point of debate, this article focuses on how the EU might be evaluated as a civilian, normative or military power with its increasing powers in today’s globalizing world. The only way of quantifying the Union’s increase in power is through the detailed analysis of its civilian and military capabilities

Keywords

• EU Identity and Actorness
• Common Foreign and Security Policy
• European Security and Defence Policy
• Civilian and Military Crises Management

Measuring EU Actorness Through CFSP and ESDP: Civilian Power EU

Öz

Avrupa Birliği AB bütünleşme sürecinde dış, güvenlik ve savunma politikaları önceliğini daima koruyacaktır. 1970’lerden bu yana Avrupa Siyasi İşbirliği ASİ adı altında başlayan bu alanlardaki işbirliği günümüze kadar bir dönüşüm sürecinden geçmektedir. Günümüzde hararetli tartışmaların ortasında bulunan en önemli gelişme ise ASİ içinden doğan Ortak Dış ve Güvenlik Politikası ODGP ile ODGP içinden yaratılan Avrupa Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası AGSP alanlarıdır. Bu gelişmelerin yarattığı bir başka tartışma konusu ise Avrupa’nın ne tür bir güç olduğunun irdelenmesidir. Bu makalede ele alınan konulardan ilki AB’nin aktif bir uluslararası güç olduğu fakat siyasi ve kurumsal bir kimlik oluşturamadığı sorunudur. Bugünün küresel dünyasında AB’nin bir sivil güç mü yoksa normatif ya da askeri bir güç olma yolunda ilerleyip ilerlemediği tartışılmaktadır. Bu nedenle makalenin ikinci tartışma noktası AB’nin ne tür bir güç olduğu sorusunun irdelenmesi ve AB’nin giderek güçlenen bu nüfuzunun sivil ve askeri yeteneklerinin irdelenmesiyle ölçülebileceğidir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ab kimliği
• Sivil ve Askeri Kriz Yönetimi
• Avrupa Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası

Kaynakça

1. Annegret BENDIEK, ‘‘Cross- Pillar Security Regime Building in the European Union: Effects of the European Security Strategy of December 2003’’, European Integration Online Papers (EIoP), Vol. 10, No.9, 2006
2. Cornelia BEYER, ‘‘The European Union as a Security Policy Actor- the case of Counterterrorism’’, 2006, (10.01.2009)
3. Sven BISCOP, “The international Security Engagement of the European UnionCourage and Capabilities for a more active EU’’, International Policy Analysis Unit, Report from the first European Strategic Forum, 2006, Warsaw
4. Stephanie BLAIR, “Towards Integration? Unifying Military and Civilian ESDP Operations’’, European Security Review, ISIS, No.44, May, 2009, (01.08.2009)
5. Charlotte BRETHERTON, John VOGLER, The European Union as a Global Actor, New York, Routledge, 2006
6. Andrea CIAMBRA, “Normative Power Europe: theory and practice of EU norms. The case of Macedonia’’, Jean Monnet Working Papers, No.64, 2008, (18.12.2008)
7. Thomas DIEZ, ‘‘Constructing the Self and Changing Others: Reconsidering Normative Power Europe’’, Journal of International Studies, Vol. 33, No: 33, 2005
8. F. DUCHÊNE, ‘The European Community and the Uncertainties of Interdependence’ in Kohnstamm, M. And Hager, W. (eds.), A Nation Writ Large? Foreign - Policy Problems before the European Community, London, Macmillan, 1973

9. Simon DUKE, ‘‘Consistency as an issue in EU External Activities’’, European Institute of Public Administration Working Paper 99/W/06, 2009, (15.02.2009)
10. Simon DUKE, The Elusive Quest for European Security, London, Macmillan, 2000
11. EU Council Secretariat, ‘‘EU Battlegroup’’, Factsheet, Feb.2007, (01.08.2009)
12. European Commission, Conflict Prevention and Crises Management Unit, ‘Civilian Instruments for EU Crises Management’, 2003, (19.01.2009)
13. European Council, ‘Civilian Headline Goal 2008’, Brussels, 2004, DG E IX, (01.12.2008)
14. European Security and Defense Policy: the civilian aspects of crises management’, EU Council Secretariat, 2007, (01.12.2008)
15. Roy GINSBERG, “Conceptualizing the European Union as an International Actor: Narrowing the Theoretical Capability – Expectations Gap’’, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 37, No.3, 1999
16. Catriona GOURLAY, ‘‘European Union Procedures and Resources for Crises Management’’, International Peacekeeping, Vol.11, No.3, 2004
17. Hiski HAUKKALA, ‘‘The EU as a Regional Normative Hegemon: The Case of European Neighbourhood Policy’’, Central and East European International Studies Association (CEEISA) 4th Convention, 2006, (05.07.2009)
18. Björn HETTNE, Söderbaum FRERDIK, ‘‘Civilian Power or Soft Imperialism? The EU as a Global Actor and the Role of Interregionalism, European Foreign Affairs Review, Vol.10, No: 4, 2005
19. Christopher HILL, ‘‘The Capability – Expectations Gap, or Conceptualizing Europe’s International Role, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 31, No.3, 1993 Martin HOLLAND, ‘‘Bridging the Capability- Expectations Gap: A case study of the CFSP Joint Action on South Africa’’, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol.33, No. 4, 1995
20. Jolyon HOWORTH, Security and Defence Policy in the European Union, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007
21. Ronald HOLZHACKER, ‘‘Democratic Legitimacy and the European Union’’, European Integration, Vol. 29, No.3, 2007
22. Adrian HYDE-PRICE, ‘‘European Security, Strategic Culture and, the Use of Force’’, European Security, 13 (4), 2004
23. Richard Wyn JONES, Security, Strategy, and Critical Theory, Lynee Rienner Publishers, 1999
24. Chris LINDBORG, ‘‘European Approaches to Civilian Crises Management’’, British American Security Information Council, Basic Special Report, 2002, (25.12.2008)
25. Ian MANNERS, ‘‘The European Union as a Normative Power: A Response to Thomas Diez’’, Millenium: Journal of International Studies, Vol. 35, No.1, 2006 Ian MANNERS, ‘‘Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?’’, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 40, No: 2, 2002
26. Ian MANNERS, ‘‘Normative Power Europe Reconsidered: From Civilian to Military power: the EU at crossroads?’’, CIDEL Workshop, Oslo 22-23 October 2004, (27.01.2009)
27. James G. MARCH, OLSEN Johan P., ‘‘The Logic of Appropriateness’’, Arena Working Paper, 04/09, Centre for European Studies, 2009, (15.07.2009)
28. Janne Haaland MATLARY, ‘‘When Soft Power Turns Hard: Is an EU Strategic Culture Possible?, Security Dialogue, Vol. 37 (1), 2006
29. Hanns MAULL, ‘‘Europe and The New Balance of Global Order’’, International Affairs 81/4, 2005
30. MESSNER Dirk, ‘‘The European Union: Protagonist in a Multilateral World Order or Peripheral Power in the Asia-Pacific Century?’’, IPG I/2007, 2007, , (04.05.2009)
31. David MITRANY, “A Working Peace System”, Chicago, Quadrangle Books, 1966 Jennifer MITZEN, ‘‘Anchoring Europe’s Civilizing Identity: Habits, Capabilities and Ontological Security’’, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 13, No: 2, 2006
32. Robert NALBANOV, ‘‘Battle of Two Logics: Appropriateness and Consequentiality in Russian Interventions in Georgia’’, Caucasian Review of International Affairs, Vol.3 (1) Winter, 2009, (02.08.2009)
33. Agnieszka NOWAK, ‘‘Civilian Crises Management within ESDP’’in Civilian Crises Management: The EU Way”, Chaillot Paper, No.90, (ed.) by Agnieszka Nowak, 2006
34. Christopher PIENING, Global Europe, The European Union in World Affairs, Colorado, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2007
35. Public opinion in the EU, Standard Eurobarometer Survey 66, Autumn 2006, (15.01.2009)
36. Gerard QUILLE, Gasparani GIOVANNI, Roberto MENOTTI, Nicoletta PIROZZI, ‘‘Developing EU Civil Military Coordination: The Role of the New Civilian Military Cell’’, Joint report by ISIS Europe and CEMISS, (ed.) Stephen Pullinger, 2006
37. Richard ROSECRANCE, ‘‘Paradoxes of European Foreign Policy The European Union: A New Type of International Actor’’, EUI Working Papers, RSC 97/64 Hazel SMITH, European Union Foreign Policy What it is and What is does, London, Pluto Press, 2006