BREXİT’İN BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK SİYASAL SİSTEMİ İLE ETKİLEŞİMİ

Öz

Bu makale Birleşik Krallık’ın Avrupa Birliği’nden (AB) ayrılma sürecinde yaşananları Birleşik Krallık siyasal sisteminin özellikleri çerçevesinde analiz etmektedir. Bu çerçevede bu makalenin ele aldığı temel araştırma sorusu, Avrupa Birliği’nden çıkmanın ilk- ve şimdilik tek- örnek olayı olarak Brexit’i meydana getiren faktörlerin ne kadarının Birleşik Krallık’ın kendi tarihsel ve siyasal özelliklerinden kaynaklanan biricik öğeler, ne kadarının diğer ülkeler için de genellenebilir öğeler olduğudur. Bu makale öncelikle Birleşik Krallık’ın 2. Dünya Savaşından sonra vuku bulan siyasi tarihini, sonra da AB’den ayrılma referandumuna giden süreç ile ayrılmanın gerçekleşmesine kadarki süreci birbirleri ile etkileşim içerisinde analiz etmektedir. Bu çerçevede, Birleşik Krallık’ın imparatorluğun dağılmasından sonraki yeni bir kimlik oluşturma süreci içerisinde hem Avrupa hem de dünyanın geri kalanı ile sürdürdüğü ilişkiler ve Avrupa Toplulukları’na üye olduktan sonra bütünleşme sürecine yönelik gösterdiği tepkiler Birleşik Krallık’ın kendisine has faktörler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Makale, bu tarihsel faktörlerin bugün küresel olarak popülizmin güçlendiği siyasi ortamla birleşmesinin bir sonucu olarak Birleşik Krallık’ın Avrupa Birliği’nden ayrılmasının -şimdilik- ağırlıklı olarak sadece bu ülkeye özgü bir tecrübe olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Brexit
• İngiliz siyasal sistemi
• Avrupa şüpheciliği
• popülizm

The Interaction of Brexit with the British Political System

Abstract

This article analyses the process leading up to Brexit within the framework of the political system of the United Kingdom (UK). Within this framework, the main research question of the article is ‘to what extend are the factors that led up to the first- and so far the only- case of exiting the European Union (EU) peculiar to the history and the political system of the UK and to what extend can they be generalized for other member states. This article analyses the political history of the UK after the Second World War, the process leading up to the exit referandum and the process until the actual exit from the EU within a process of interaction. Also within this framework, the article identifies the relationship of the UK with both Europe and the rest of the world in its process of re-defining its post-war identity as a declining empire, as well as the UK’s reactions to the process of integration in Europe as (so far) unique factors that led the UK towards exiting the Union.

Keywords

• Brexit
• British political system
• Eurosceptisim
• populism

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