FACTORS AFFECTING BANK PROFITABILITY IN BALKAN COUNTRIES

Abstract

Standardization and quality in the management of banks and firms are crucial for economic growth. Banks, which are the most important stakeholders of the financial system, have a critical position in the development of economies due to their role. The banking sector provides both the necessary funds and the ability of institutions or individuals with excess funds to evaluate their funds. In the 2008 mortgage crisis, the world was faced with a major financial crisis that caused massive losses in wealth and employment and devastatingly damaged the economies of developed countries. With the financial crisis, differences in the banking system have emerged in terms of capital quality. Banks have sought a better quality asset structure. Banks in the Balkan countries have also increased their management quality with the process. In the literature, especially in recent years, there are many studies investigating the profitability of banks in the Balkan countries. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of certain characteristics of banks and economic factors on the profitability of banks in the Balkan countries in terms of the current economic framework. In order to examine the factors affecting bank profitability, the research was carried out using the data of 9 Balkan countries between 2008 and 2017. According to the findings, while inflation, non-performing loans and cost-income ratio have a negative effect on the return on assets and return on equity, economic size has a positive effect. In addition, it was observed that only the economic size variable and non-performing loans had a statistically significant effect.

Keywords

• Balkan Countries
• Bank Profitability
• Non-Performing Loans.

BALKAN ÜLKELERİNDE BANKA KARLILIĞINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER

Öz

Bankaların ve firmaların yönetimindeki standartizasyon ve kalite ekonomik büyüme için çok önemlidir. Finansal sistemin en önemli paydaşı olan bankalar rolleri nedeniyle ekonomilerin gelişmesinde kritik bir konuma sahiptirler. Bankacılık sektörü hem ihtiyaç olan fonun sağlanması hem de fazla fona sahip olan kurum veya kişilerin fonlarını değerlendirebilmesini sağlamaktadır. 2008 mortgage krizinde dünya, servet ve istihdamda büyük kayıplara neden olan ve gelişmiş ülkelerin ekonomisine yıkıcı zararlar veren büyük bir finansal krizle karşı karşıya kaldı. Yaşanan finansal krizle birlikte bankacılık sisteminde sermaye kalitesi bazında farklılıklar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bankalar daha kaliteli varlık yapısı arayışına girmişlerdir. Balkan ülkelerinde bulunan bankalar da süreç ile birlikte yönetim kalitesini artırmışlardır. Literatürde özellikle son yıllarda balkan ülkelerinde banka karlılığını araştıran birçok çalışma yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, mevcut ekonomik çerçeve açısından bankaların belirli özellikleri ve ekonomik faktörlerin balkan ülkelerinde bulunan bankaların karlılığı üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Banka kârlılığını etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi amacıyla 9 balkan ülkesinin 2008-2017 yılları arasındaki verileri kullanılarak araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgulara göre, varlık getiri oranı ve öz sermaye getiri oranı için enflasyon, takipteki krediler ve maliyet gelir oranı negatif etkide bulunmakta iken ekonomik büyüklük pozitif etkide bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkiyi sadece ekonomik büyüklük değişkeni ile takipteki krediler gösterdiği gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Balkan Ülkeleri
• Banka Karlılığı
• Takipteki Krediler.

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