Perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with and without polycystic ovary syndrome assessed by the Composite Adverse Perinatal Outcome score: a propensity score–matched retrospective study

Melisa Gölgelioğlu; Halenur Öner Soy; Nuseybe Artıran

doi:10.38053/acmj.1858024

Perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with and without polycystic ovary syndrome assessed by the Composite Adverse Perinatal Outcome score: a propensity score–matched retrospective study

Abstract

Aims: To quantify severity-weighted perinatal morbidity in pregnancies complicated by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using the Composite Adverse Perinatal Outcome (CAPO) score and to assess robustness after propensity score matching and BMI-focused sensitivity analyses. Methods: We conducted a two-center retrospective cohort study (January 2022-October 2025). Among 3.616 eligible singleton deliveries, 318 (8.8%) had documented PCOS. Propensity scores were estimated using maternal age, gravidity, parity, prior abortion/miscarriage, and prior curettage. Using 1:1 nearest neighbor matching (caliper 0.2 SD logit), 262 PCOS pregnancies were matched to 262 controls. CAPO total and subscores were compared in matched pairs; BMI-adjusted conditional regression was performed. Sensitivity analyses included BMI-stratified comparisons and BMI-inclusive rematching. Results: In the matched cohort (n=524), CAPO total scores were higher in PCOS pregnancies (median [IQR] 150 [0-280] vs 75 [0–200]; p=0.004), and CAPO>0 occurred more frequently (45.0% vs 36.3%; p=0.02). PCOS remained associated with higher CAPO after BMI adjustment (β=+40.2; 95% CI 14.3-66.1; p=0.003). PCOS pregnancies had higher rates of severe preeclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, low birth weight, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission >24 h. Under BMI-inclusive matching, 244 pairs were retained with balanced BMI (SMD=0.04); CAPO differences were attenuated but persisted (p=0.045; β=+22.5, p=0.024). Conclusion: PCOS pregnancies show a higher severity-weighted perinatal morbidity burden by CAPO, distributed across hypertensive and prematurity-linked outcomes. Associations persisted after BMI adjustment and conservative BMI-inclusive sensitivity analyses, suggesting that adiposity explains part but not all-of the excess morbidity signal.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

No funding

Ethical Statement

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Yozgat Bozok University (Approval Date: 03/12/2025, Approval Number: 2025-GOKAEK-2521_2025.12.03_828). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee due to the retrospective design and use of anonymized data.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Melisa Gölgelioğlu ^*
0000-0002-0008-4078
Türkiye

Halenur Öner Soy This is me
0009-0005-6413-0677
Türkiye

Nuseybe Artıran This is me
0000-0001-8431-6122
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 10, 2026

Submission Date

January 7, 2026

Acceptance Date

February 9, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 8 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1858024

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA95SP58KJ

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Gölgelioğlu, M., Soy, H. Ö., & Artıran, N. (2026). Perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with and without polycystic ovary syndrome assessed by the Composite Adverse Perinatal Outcome score: a propensity score–matched retrospective study. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, 8(2), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1858024

AMA

1.Gölgelioğlu M, Soy HÖ, Artıran N. Perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with and without polycystic ovary syndrome assessed by the Composite Adverse Perinatal Outcome score: a propensity score–matched retrospective study. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2026;8(2):283-290. doi:10.38053/acmj.1858024

Chicago

Gölgelioğlu, Melisa, Halenur Öner Soy, and Nuseybe Artıran. 2026. “Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnancies With and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Assessed by the Composite Adverse Perinatal Outcome Score: A Propensity Score–matched Retrospective Study”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8 (2): 283-90. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1858024.

EndNote

Gölgelioğlu M, Soy HÖ, Artıran N (March 1, 2026) Perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with and without polycystic ovary syndrome assessed by the Composite Adverse Perinatal Outcome score: a propensity score–matched retrospective study. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8 2 283–290.

IEEE

[1]M. Gölgelioğlu, H. Ö. Soy, and N. Artıran, “Perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with and without polycystic ovary syndrome assessed by the Composite Adverse Perinatal Outcome score: a propensity score–matched retrospective study”, Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 283–290, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.38053/acmj.1858024.

ISNAD

Gölgelioğlu, Melisa - Soy, Halenur Öner - Artıran, Nuseybe. “Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnancies With and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Assessed by the Composite Adverse Perinatal Outcome Score: A Propensity Score–matched Retrospective Study”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8/2 (March 1, 2026): 283-290. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1858024.

JAMA

1.Gölgelioğlu M, Soy HÖ, Artıran N. Perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with and without polycystic ovary syndrome assessed by the Composite Adverse Perinatal Outcome score: a propensity score–matched retrospective study. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2026;8:283–290.

MLA

Gölgelioğlu, Melisa, et al. “Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnancies With and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Assessed by the Composite Adverse Perinatal Outcome Score: A Propensity Score–matched Retrospective Study”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, Mar. 2026, pp. 283-90, doi:10.38053/acmj.1858024.

Vancouver

1.Melisa Gölgelioğlu, Halenur Öner Soy, Nuseybe Artıran. Perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with and without polycystic ovary syndrome assessed by the Composite Adverse Perinatal Outcome score: a propensity score–matched retrospective study. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2026 Mar. 1;8(2):283-90. doi:10.38053/acmj.1858024