The Role of GIS-Based Thematic Urban Maps in Determining the Effectiveness of Nature-Based Solutions

Abstract

In the current century, the rapid increase in the world population and the fact that this population is living in cities to a large extent increases the speed and scale of urbanization more and more rapidly. This situation makes today's cities struggle with environmental, social, economic, and ecological challenges. In recent years, in order to cope with these difficulties, ecology-based planning and design approaches that take nature as an example have become important; At this point, new concepts and theories emerged. Nature-based solutions (NbS), a relatively new concept, are solution-oriented, measurable, and evidence-based comprehensive studies that deal with climate change and urbanization problems by integrating ecosystem-based approaches and relatively to increase urban sustainability. In this study, the development process of NbSs, the different platforms that deal with NbSs, what thematic map layers are in these platforms, and the importance of GIS-based thematic urban maps in determining the effectiveness of NbSs, since they are evidence-based and therefore measurable. Among the platforms examined, ThinkNature, UrbanGreenUp, NATURVATION, and Unalab platforms with applied project examples were discussed. The thematic map layers that can be used to question the activities of NBSs of each platform, respectively, were determined, and their relations with GIS were discussed. With the results obtained, it has been determined that the platform that offers the most visual and questionable thematic map layers is NATURVATION, UrbanGreenUp ranks second at this point, and ThinkNature and UnaLap platforms provide verbal suggestions to the user at the point of data layers. The platforms examined within the scope of the study and the criteria determined by other studies can be arranged in the GIS system, stored in databases, presented when necessary, and used at any planning point. In short, it was concluded that GIS-based thematic map layers can be an effective tool for preparing future scenarios of NbS.

Keywords

• Nature-based solutions
• NbS
• Thematic map
• GIS
• Urban sustainability

Doğa Temelli Çözümlerin Etkinliğinin Saptanmasında CBS Tabanlı Tematik Kentsel Haritaların Rolü

Öz

İçinde bulunduğumuz yüzyılda, dünya nüfusunun büyük bir hızla artması ve bu nüfusun da büyük ölçüde kentlerde yaşamaya başlaması, kentleşmenin hızını ve ölçeğini giderek daha hızlı bir şekilde arttırmaktadır. Bu durum günümüz kentlerini çevresel, sosyal, ekonomik, ekolojik gibi zorluklarla hiç olmadığı kadar mücadele içine sokmaktadır. Son yıllarda bu zorluklarla başa çıkabilmek adına, doğayı örnek alan ve ekoloji temelli planlama ve tasarım anlayışı yaklaşımları önemli hale gelmiştir. Doğa temelli çözümler (NbS) bu yaklaşımların başında gelen, iklim değişikliği ile mücadeleyi ve kentleşme sorunlarını ekosistem temelli yaklaşımları bütünleştirerek ele alan ve nispeten yeni, kentsel sürdürülebilirliği arttırmaya yönelik çözüm odaklı, ölçülebilir, kanıta dayalı geniş kapsamlı çalışmalardır. Bu çalışmada, NbS’lerin gelişim süreci, NbS’leri ele alan farklı platformlar ve bu platformlarda ele alınan tematik harita katmanların neler olduğu ve CBS tabanlı tematik kentsel haritaların kanıta dayalı ve dolayısıyla ölçülebilir olmaları nedeniyle, NbS'lerin etkinliğinin belirlenmesindeki önemi üzerine yoğunlaşılmıştır. İncelenen platformlar içerisinden, uygulamalı proje örneklerinin yer aldığı ThinkNature, UrbanGreenUp, NATURVATION ve Unalab platformları ele alınmıştır. Sırasıyla her bir platformun NbS'lerin faaliyetlerini sorgulamak için kullanılabilecek tematik harita katmanlarının belirlenerek CBS ile ilişkileri ele alınmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlarla, hem görsel hem de sorgulanabilir en fazla tematik harita katmanı sunan platformun NATURVATION olduğu, UrbanGreenUp’ın bu noktada ikinci sırada yer aldığı, ThinkNature ve UnaLap platformlarının veri katmanları hakkında sözlü önerileriyle kullanıcıya sunum sağladığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında incelenen platformlar ve diğer çalışmalar doğrultusunda belirlenen kriterlerin CBS sisteminde düzenlenerek veritabanlarında saklanılmasına gerektiğinde sunumuna ve herhangi bir planlama noktasında kullanılmasına dair öneriler getirilerek farklı ölçeklerdeki NbS çalışmalarının etkinliğindeki önemine vurgu yapılmıştır. Kısacası CBS tabanlı tematik harita katmanlarının NbB’lerin gelecek senaryolarının hazırlanmasında etkili bir araç olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğa temelli çözümler
• NbS
• Tematik harita
• CBS
• Kentsel sürdürülebilirlik

Kaynakça

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