Dile Bilişsel Bir Yaklaşım: Yapı Dilbilgisi

Öz

Bu makale, dilin yalnızca biçimsel kurallar bütünü olmadığını, bilişsel süreçler, toplumsal etkileşim ve kullanım sıklığı gibi faktörlerle şekillenen dinamik bir yapı olduğunu savunan Yapı Dilbilgisi yaklaşımını ele almaktadır. Çalışma, özellikle çocuk dil edinimi süreci üzerinden dilsel yapıların nasıl berkitildiğini, gelenekselleştiğini ve zihinsel temsillere dönüştüğünü örneklerle açıklamaktadır. Yapı Dilbilgisi, biçim-anlam eşleşmeleri temelinde, dildeki tüm ifadeleri—ister deyim ister kalıp, isterse dilbilgisel yapı olsun—birer yapı olarak kabul eder ve çekirdek-çevre ayrımını reddeder. Bu yaklaşım, üretici dilbilgisinin soyut kural modellerine alternatif olarak, dilin işleyişini kullanım temelli bir perspektiften açıklamayı hedefler. Makalede, Türkçe Ulusal Derlemi’nden alınan verilerle oluşturulan örnek yapılar analiz edilmiştir. Bildirim cümleleri, eylem yapıları, şahıs ve zaman ekleri, ad öbeği yapıları gibi farklı karmaşıklık düzeylerindeki dilsel yapılar incelenmiştir. Ayrıca yapıların kavramsal birleşim süreci ve sözlükçe-dilbilgisi sürekliliği çerçevesinde teorik açıklamalar sunulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Yapı Dilbilgisi’nin dilin edinimi, temsili ve kullanımı bağlamında bilişsel ve işlevsel temellere dayalı güçlü bir kuramsal çerçeve sunduğu ortaya koyulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapı Dilbilgisi
• Bilişsel Dilbilim
• Kullanım Sıklığı
• Dil Edinimi
• Biçim-Anlam Eşleşmesi

A Cognitive Approach to Language: Construction Grammar

Öz

This article discusses the Construction Grammar approach, which argues that language is not merely a set of formal rules but a dynamic system shaped by cognitive processes, social interaction, and usage frequency. The study explains, through the process of child language acquisition, how linguistic constructions are entrenched, conventionalized, and transformed into mental representations. Construction Grammar considers all linguistic expressions—whether idioms, patterns, or grammatical structures—as constructions based on form-meaning pairings, rejecting the core-periphery distinction. As an alternative to the abstract rule-based models of generative grammar, this approach seeks to explain language functioning from a usage-based perspective. The article analyzes sample constructions drawn from the Turkish National Corpus, focusing on sentence structures, verb patterns, person and tense markers, and noun phrase constructions of varying complexity. Furthermore, the study presents theoretical explanations regarding conceptual blending and the lexicon-grammar continuum. In conclusion, Construction Grammar is shown to offer a robust theoretical framework grounded in cognitive and functional principles for understanding, acquiring, and representing language.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Construction Grammar
• Cognitive Linguistics
• Usage Frequency
• Language Acquisition
• Form-Meaning Mapping

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