Neoliberalizm ve İslam Ekonomisinin Sosyal Refah Yaklaşımlarının Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2021, , 141 - 168, 30.06.2021

Hakan Kalkavan , Halim Baş

https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.836717

Öz

Ekonomik gelişimin temel göstergelerinden biri refah düzeyidir. Refah düzeyi, bir toplumda devlet tarafından uygulanan politikaların sosyal adalet bağlamında olmasını simgelemektedir. Sosyal adalet insanlar arasında vuku bulan sosyal eşitsizlikleri azaltma amacı gütmektedir. Bu çerçevede, devletler bireylere vergiler yoluyla sosyal transferler sağlamakta ve gelirin yeniden dağılımında aracı rol üstlenmektedir. Bu anlamda, refah devletlerinin rolü yalnızca sosyal transferler yoluyla fayda sağlamak olmamaktadır. Bunun ötesinde, devletler yaptıkları düzenlemelerle diğer refah paydaşları olan piyasa ve sivil toplum aktörlerini de sürece dahil ederek sosyal refahı sağlamaktadır. Ancak, ülkelerin refah anlayışları bütüncül sosyal refah açısından farklılık göstermektedir. Bu açıdan, İslam ekonomisinin refah yaklaşımı temelde ahlaki değerleri önceleyen, ekonomik refahı toplumsal dengeyi gözeterek sağlamayı amaçlayan bir yaklaşımdır. Bu minvalde, insanların temel ihtiyaçlarının sağlanması ve sosyal yardımın ötesinde gelir ve servet eşitsizliğini azaltıcı ekonomi politikalarının iktisadi yapının dönüşümü adına uygulanması öngörülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, İslam ekonomisiyle neoliberal ekonomik anlayış pek çok açıdan farklılık gösterdiği gibi, benzer şekilde neoliberal temelli sosyal yatırım ve İslam ekonomisinin refah yaklaşımı da farklılık göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, İslâm ekonomisinin sosyal refah anlayışı ve neoliberalizm temelli sosyal yatırım anlayışı, sosyal refah ve muhafazakâr yaklaşımları ile birlikte teorik yönden tartışmak ve perspektiflerini ayrıntılı bir şekilde ortaya koymaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İslâm Ekonomisi, Sosyal Refah, Neoliberalizm, Sosyal Yatırım, Ekonomik Eşitlilik, Yeniden Dağılım

Comparison of the Economically-Based Social Investment Approach of Neoliberalism and the Moral-Based Social Welfare Approach of the Islamic Economics

Öz

One of the main indicators of economic development is the welfare level. The welfare level symbolizes that the policies implemented by the state in a society are in the context of social justice. Social justice aims to reduce social inequalities between people. In this framework, states provide social transfers to individuals through taxes and play an intermediary role in the redistribution of income. In this sense, the role of welfare states is not merely to benefit through social transfers. Further to that, states ensure social welfare by including other welfare stakeholders, market and non-governmental actors, through its regulations. However, the welfare understandings of countries differ in terms of holistic social welfare. In this respect, the welfare approach of Islamic economics is an approach that essentially prioritizes moral values and aims to ensure economic prosperity by considering social balance. In this regard, beyond social assistance and meeting the basic needs of people, it is envisaged that economic policies that reduce income and wealth inequality will be implemented for the transformation of the economic structure. However, as the Islamic economics and the neoliberal economic understanding differ in many respects, similarly, the neoliberal-based social investment and the welfare approach of Islamic economics also differ. In this context, the study aims to discuss theoretically the social welfare understanding of Islamic economics and neoliberalism-based social investment approach together with social welfare, and conservative approaches and to reveal their perspectives in detail.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Islamic Economics, Social Welfare, Neoliberalism, Social Investment, Economic Equality, Redistribution

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