Araştırma Makalesi
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Analysis of Deaths Related to Synthetic Cannabinoid (“Bonsai”) in Eskişehir, Turkey

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 1459 - 1469, 15.08.2019
https://doi.org/10.30569/adiyamansaglik.568757

Öz

 Introduction, Objective; In literature, there are
studies reporting that SC affects many systems such as cardiac, respiratory,
urogenital, digestive system and cause death even in the first use. In this
study, it is aimed to determine frequency of death resulting from use of SC and
also the rate of forensic deaths in Eskisehir province.



Method: In this study, cases in which cause
of death is related to the use of SC and which are included in forensic deaths
that occurred between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2016, are going to be
included in this study. The rate of cases in which deaths result from SC to the
rate of all forensic deaths is going to be detected. Also, demographic data of
the cases such as age, gender, educational status, marital status, working
status and residence are going to be examined.



Findings: Within 6 years-period the study includes, it was determined that 33
people died because of SC. In 2011, the first year that the study includes, the
rate of deaths resulting from SC to forensic deaths was 0,3%, and this rate
reached up to 3,1% in 2016. It was noted that SC named AM-2201 and JWH-018
(totally n=22, 66,7%) were mostly related to the death.



Discussion: In our study, it was observed that the deaths associated with SC
increased until 2016. It is known that the use of other synthetic drugs or
stimulants has increased in the last 2 years instead of SC. Hence, need for
examination, equipment and experience required for identifying and reporting
these synthetic substances will increase day by day. 

Destekleyen Kurum

ESKİŞEHİR OSMANGAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA PROJELERİ KOMİSYONU BAŞKANLIĞI

Proje Numarası

2017-1746

Kaynakça

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  • 2. Pakiş, I, Polat O. SC. ACU Magazine of Health Sciences 2016(1):6-13.
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  • 5. Bretteville-Jensen AL, Tuv SS, Bilgrei OR, Fijeld B. SC and Cathinones:Prevalence and Markets. Forensic Sci Rev 2013;25:8-26.
  • 6. Aoun EG, Christopher PP, Ingraham JW. Emerging drugs of abuse: clinical and legal considerations. R I Med J 2014;97:41-5.
  • 7. Hudson S, Ramsey J, King L, et al. Use of high resolution accurate mass spectrometry todetect reported and previously unreported cannabinomimetics in "herbal high" products. J Anal Toxicol 2010;34:252-60.
  • 8. Cohen J, Morrison S, Greenberg J, Saidinejad M. Clinical Presentation of Intoxication Due to SC. Pediatrics 2012;129;1064-7.
  • 9. Gregori A, Damiano F, Bonavia M, et al. Identification of two cannabimimetic compounds WIN48098 and AM679 in illegal products. Sci Justice 2013;53:286-92.
  • 10. Brents LK, Prather PL. The K2/Spice Phenomenon: emergence, identification, legislation and metabolic characterization of SC in herbal incense products. Drug Metab Rev 2014;46:72-85.
  • 11. Kalyoncu, A., Ünlü B, Taştan U. Dangerous Game of Young People: Review of SC (Bonsai). Addiction Magazine. 2014; 15.3: 150-155.
  • 12. Hermanns-Clausen, M., Kneisel, S., Hutter, M., Szabo, B., Auwärter, V. (2013) Acute intoxication by SCfour case reports. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2013;5(9-10).:790-794.
  • 13. Hermanns-Clausen, M., Kneisel, S., Szabo, B., Auwärter, V. Acute toxicity due to the confirmed consumption of SC: clinical and laboratory findings. Addiction, 2012;108, 534-544.
  • 14. Fantegrossi, W.E., Moran, J.H., RadominSCa-Pandya, A., Prather, P.L. Distinct pharmacology and metabolism of K2 SC compared to THC: mechanism underlying greater toxicity? Life Sciences, 2014; 97, 45-54.
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  • 16. Alhadi S, Tiwari A, Vohra R, Gerona R, Acharya J, Bilello K. High times, low sats: diffuse pulmonary infiltrates associated with chronic SC use. J. Med. Toxicol. 2013; 9:199-206.
  • 17. Benford DM, Caplan JP. Psychiatric sequelae of Spice, K2, and SC receptor agonists. Psychosomatics. 2011; 52:295.
  • 18. Berry-Caban CS, Ee J, Ingram V, Berry CE, Kim E. SC overdose in a 20-year-old male US soldier. Subst. Abuse. 2013; 34:70-72.
  • 19. Derungs A, Schwaninger A, Mansella G, Bingisser R, Kraemer T, Liechti M. Symptoms, toxicities, and analytical results for a patient after smoking herbs containing the novel SC MAM-2201. Forensic Toxicol. 2013; 31:164-171.
  • 20. Freeman MJ, Rose DZ, Myers MA, Gooch CL, Bozeman AC, Burgin WS. Ischemic stroke after use of the synthetic marijuana "spice". Neurology. 2013; 81:209
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  • 22. Heath TS, Burroughs Z, Thompson AJ, Tecklenburg FW. Acute intoxication caused by a SC in two adolescents. J. Pediatr. Pharmacol. Ther. 2012; 17:177-181.
  • 23. King LA. Legal controls on cannabimimetics: an international dilemma? Drug Test Anal. 2014;6(1-2):80-7.
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  • 25. Besli GE, Ikiz M A, Yildirim S, Saltik S. SC abuse in adolescents: a case series. Journal of emergency medicine, 2015;49(5), 644-650.
  • 26. Ezaki J, Ro A, Hasegawa M, Kibayashi K. Fatal overdose from SC and cathinones in Japan: demographics and autopsy findings. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2016;42(5), 520-529.
  • 27. Zazoğlu S, Savaş H, Ketenci HÇ, Beyhun NE. (2017). Identifying of profiles of drugs and new generation psychoactive substances that were sent to Forensic Medicine Institute, Trabzon Group Department from 2010 to 2014 years by Forensic Authorities. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2017;31(1):1-5.
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  • 29., Hutter M, Broecker S, Kneisel S, Franz F, Brandt SD, Auwarter V. Metabolism of SC encountered in clinical casework: major in vivo metabolites of JWH-007, JWH-019, JWH-203, JWH-307, UR-144, XLR-11, AM-2201, MAM-2201 and AM-694 in human urine using LC-MS/MS. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2018;19(2):144-162
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Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

İşılay Balcı Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0092-2721

Ali Yılmaz Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5980-6645

Yeşim Yetiş Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-9148-093X

Emrah Emiral Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2464-7039

Kenan Karbeyaz 0000-0001-6009-0739

Proje Numarası 2017-1746
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ağustos 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Mayıs 2019
Kabul Tarihi 25 Haziran 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

AMA Balcı İ, Yılmaz A, Yetiş Y, Emiral E, Karbeyaz K. Analysis of Deaths Related to Synthetic Cannabinoid (“Bonsai”) in Eskişehir, Turkey. ADYÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Derg. Ağustos 2019;5(2):1459-1469. doi:10.30569/adiyamansaglik.568757