Depresyon tanılı hastalarda duygusal yeme ve etkileyen faktörler
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 243 - 257, 31.12.2021
Seher İnalkaç
,
Hülya Arslantaş
Öz
Amaç: Çalışma depresyon tanılı hastalarda duygusal yeme ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Örneklemi Aralık 2017-Ekim 2018 tarihleri arasında psikiyatri polikliniklerine ayaktan başvuran 240 depresyon tanılı hasta oluşturmuştur. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Duygusal Yeme Ölçeği, Gözden Geçirilmiş Sosyal Sorun Çözme Ölçeği ve Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan hastaların %54,2’si kadın olup yaş ortalamaları (27,52±12,28)’dır. Araştırmada duygusal yeme ile gözden geçirilmiş sosyal sorun çözme arasında negatif yönde anlamlı (p<0,01), duygusal yeme ile stresle başa çıkma tarzları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki (p<0,05) bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Hastaların sorun çözme ve stresle baş etme becerileri azaldıkça duygusal yemenin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Hastalara problem çözme becerilerinin ve stresle baş etme tekniklerinin öğretilmesi uygun olacaktır.
Destekleyen Kurum
Tez Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından HF-17020 proje numarası ile desteklenmiştir. Teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.
Teşekkür
Tez Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından HF-17020 proje numarası ile desteklenmiştir. Teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.
Kaynakça
- Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği. DSM-5 Tanı Ölçütleri Başvuru Elkitabı. Köroğlu E, Çev-ed. Ankara, Türkiye: HYB Yayınları; 2013.
- Küey L. Birinci basamakta depresyon: Tanıma, ele alma, yönlendirme. Psikiyatri Dünyası. 1998;2(1):5-12.
- Öztürk O, Uluşahin A. Ruh Sağlığı ve Bozuklukları. 15. Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri; 2018.
- Işık E, Işık U, Taner Y. Çocuk, Ergen, Erişkin ve Yaşlılarda Depresif ve Bipolar Bozukluklar. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Ziraat Grup Matbaacılık; 2013.
- Baysal A. Beslenme. 18. Baskı. Ankara: Hatiboğlu Basım ve Yayınevi: 2007.
- Konttinen H. Dietary Habits and Obesity: The Role of Emotional and Cognitive Factors [Academic Dissertation]. Helsinki, Finland: Helsinki University; 2012.
- Tariq AA, Sawsan JH, Alaa MM, Maryam AA, Qaher AM. Emotional eating behavior among University of Bahrain students: A cross-sectional study. Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2019;26(1):424-32.
- Fairburn CG, Harrison PJ. Eating disorders. Lancet. 2003;361(9355):407-16.
- De Lauzon-Guillain B, Basdevant A, Romon M, Karlsson J, Borys JM, Charles MA. Is restrained eating a risk factor for weight gain in a general population? Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(1):132-8.
- Macht M. How emotions affect eating: A five-way model. Appetite. 2008; 50(1): 1-11.
- Macht M, Roth S, Ellgring H. Chocolate eating in healthy men during experimentally induced sadness and joy. Appetite. 2002;39(2):147-158.
- Laitinen J, Ek E, Sovio U. Stress-related eating and drinking behavior and body mass index and predictors of this behavior. Prev Med. 2002;34(1):29-39.
- Khodabakhsh MR, Kiani F. Effects of emotional eating on eating behaviors disorder in students: The effects of anxious mood and emotion expression. International Journal of Pediatrics. 2014;2(4):295-303.
- Liu H, Yang Q, Luo J, et al. Association between emotional eating, depressive symptoms and laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms in college students: A cross-sectional study in Hunan. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1595.
- Cecchetto C, Aiello M, Gentili C, Ionta S, Osimo SA. Increased emotional eating during COVID-19 associated with lockdown, psychological and social distress. Appetite. 2021;160:105122.
- Van Strien T. Causes of emotional eating and matched treatment of obesity. Current Diabetes Report. 2018;18(6):35.
- Jhen-da P. Depression, emotional eating and food choice. Honors College. 2014: 163. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/163. 01 Şubat 2021’de erişildi.
- Al-Musharaf S. Prevalence and predictors of emotional eating among healthy young Saudi women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrients. 2020;12:(2923):1-17.
- Paans NPG, Bot M, Brouwer IA, et al. The association between depression and eating styles in four European countries: The MooDFOOD prevention study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2018;108:85–92
- Rosenbaum DL, White KS. The relation of anxiety, depression, and stress to binge eating behavior. Journal of Health Psychology. 2015;20(6):887-98.
- Hawks SR, Gast JA. Weight loss education: A path lit darkly. Health Education and Behavior. 1998;25(3):371-82.
- Desmet P, Schifferstein H. Sources of positive and negative emotions in food experience. Appetite. 2008;50(2-3):290-301.
- Levitan RD, Davis C. Emotions and eating behavior: Implications for the current obesity epidemic. University of Toronto Quarterly. 2010;79(2):783-99.
- Blackman MC, Kvaska CA. Nutrition Psychology İmproving Dietary Adherence. 1st ed. Massachusetts, Sudbury, Jones and Bartlett Publishers; 2011.
- Zellner DA, Loaiza S, Gonzalez Z, et al. Food selection changes under stress. Physiol Behav. 2006;87(4):789-93.
- Ouwens MA, Van Strien T, Van Leeuwe JFJ, Van der Staak CPF. The dual pathway model of overeating. Replication and extension with actual food consumption. Appetite. 2009;52(1):234-7.
- İnalkaç S, Arslantaş H, Yüksel R. Bir grup ebelik öğrencisinde duygusal yeme ve etkileyen faktörler. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi 1. Uluslararası Sağlık Bilimleri Kongresi, Aydın; 1 Temmuz, 2017; Aydın, Türkiye.
- Garaulet M, Canteras M, Morales E, López-Guimera G, Sánchez-Carracedo D, Corbalán-Tutau MD. Validation of a questionnaire on emotional eating for use in cases of obesity; the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ). Nutr Hosp. 2012;27(2):645-51.
- Seven H. Yetişkinlerde Duygusal Yeme Davranışının Beslenme Durumuna Etkisi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. İstanbul, Türkiye: Haliç Üniversitesi; 2013.
- Arslantaş H, Dereboy F, Yüksel R, İnalkaç S. Duygusal yeme ölçeği’nin Türkçe çevirisinin geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2020;31(2):122-30.
- D’Zurilla TJ, Nezu AM, Maydeu-Olivares A. Manuel For The Social Problem Solving İnventory-Revised (SPSI-R), Multi-Health System. North Tonawanda; 2002.
- Eskin M, Aycan Z. Gözden geçirilmiş sosyal sorun çözme envanteri’nin Türkçe’ye (Tr SSÇE-G) uyarlanması güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları. 2009;12(23):1-10.
- Folkman S, Lazarus RS. An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. J Health Soc Behav. 1980;21(3):219-39.
- Şahin N, Durak A. Stresle başa çıkma tarzların ölçeği üniversite öğrencileri için uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Derneği. 1995;10(34):56-73.
- Arslantaş H, Dereboy F, İnalkaç S, Yüksel R. Sağlık eğitimi alan üniversite öğrencilerinde duygusal yeme ve etkileyen faktörler. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;6(1):105-111.
- Chamberlin A. Academic-Related Factors And Emotional Eating In Adolescents [Master of Science in Nutritional Sciences]. Long Beach- California, USA: California State University; 2015.
- İnalkaç S, Arslantaş H. Duygusal yeme. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi. 2018;27(1):70-82.
- Cotter EW, Kelly NR. Stress-related eating, mindfulness, and obesity. Health Psychol. 2018;37(6):516–25.
- Thompson SH, Romeo S. Gender and racial differences in emotional eating, food addiction symptoms, and body weight satisfaction among undergraduates. Journal of Diabetes and Obesity. 2015;2(2):1-6.
- Candan H, Küçük L. Lise öğrencilerinde yeme bağımlılığı ve etkileyen faktörler. J Psychiatric Nurs. 2019;10(1):12-19.
- Herle MP, Kan C, Jayaweera K, et al. The association between emotional eating and depressive symptoms: A population-based twin study in Sri Lanka. Glob Health Epidemiol Genom. 2019;4(e4):1-7.
- Nguyen-Rodrıguez ST, Unger JB, Spruijt-Metz D. Psychological determinants of emotional eating in adolescence. Eat Disord. 2009;17(3):221-24.
- Wallis DJ, Hetherington MM. Emotions and eating: Self-reported and experimentally induced changes in food intake under stress. Appetite. 2009;52(2):355-62.
- Macht M, Simons G. Emotions and eating in everyday life. Appetite. 2000;35(1):65-71.
- Konttinen H, Van Strien T, Männistö S, Jousilahti P, Haukkala A. Depression, emotional eating and long-term weight changes: A population-based prospective study. IntJ BehavNutr Phys Act. 2019;16(1):28.
- Young D, Limbers CA. Avoidant coping moderates the relationship between stress and depressive emotional eating in adolescents. Eat Weight Disord. 2017;22:683-91.
- Michopoulos V, Powers A, Moore C, Villarreal S, Ressler KJ, Bradley B. The mediating role of emotion dysregulation and depression on the relationship between childhood trauma exposure and emotional eating. Appetite. 2015;91:129-136.
- Wit L, Luppino F, Straten A, Penninx B, Zitman F, Cuijpers P. Depression and obesity: A meta-analysis of community-based studies. Psychiatry Research. 2010; 178(2): 230-35.
- Hemmingsson E, Johansson K, Reynisdottir S. Effects of childhood abuse on adult obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews. 2014; 15(11): 882-93.
- Pagoto SL, Schneider KL, Bodenlos JS, et al. Association of post-traumatic stress disorder and obesity in a nationally representative sample. Obesity. 2012; 20(1): 200-5.
- Rosmond R. Obesity and depression: same disease, different names? Medical Hypotheses. 2004; 62 (6): 976-79.
- Talbot LS, Maguen S, Epel ES, Metzler TJ, Neylan TC. Posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with emotional eating. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2013; 26(4): 521-25.
- Khosravi M. Eating disorders among patients with borderline personality disorder: understanding the prevalence and psychopathology. Journal of Eating Disorders. 2020; 8:38.
- Maner F. Yeme bozuklukları. Psikiyatri Dünyası. 2001;5:130–39.
- Evers C, Adriaanse M, de Ridder DT, de Witt Huberts JC. Good mood food. Positive emotion as a neglected trigger for food intake. Appetite. 2013;68:1-7.
- Braden A, Musher-Eizenman D, Watford T, Emley E. Eating when depressed, anxious, bored, or happy: Are emotional eating types associated with unique psychological and physical health correlates? Appetite. 2018; 125: 410-17.
- Soukup VM, Beiler ME, Terrell F. Stress, coping style, and problem solving ability among eating-disordered inpatients. J Clin Psychol. 1990;46(5):592-99.
- Spoor ST, Bekker MH, Van Strien T, Van Heck GL. Relations between negative affect, coping, and emotional eating. Appetite. 2007;48(3):368-76.
- Svaldi J, Dorn C, Trentowska M. Effectiveness for interpersonal problem‐solving is reduced in women with binge eating disorder. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2011;19(4):331-41.
- Kuijer RG, Boyce JA. Emotional eating and its effect on eating behaviour after a natural disaster. Appetite. 2012;58(3):936-9.
- Geliebter A, Aversa A. Emotional eating in overweight, normal weight, and underweight individuals. Eat Behav. 2003;3(4):341-47.
- De Young KP, Zander M, Anderson DA. Beliefs about the emo¬tional consequences of eating and binge eating frequency. Eat Behav. 2014;15(1):31–6.
- Swanson H, Power K, Collin P, et al. The relationship between parental bonding, social problem solving and eating pathology in an anorexic inpatient sample. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2010;18(1):22-32.
- Ricca V, Castellini G, Fioravanti G, et al. Emotional eating in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Compr Psychiatry. 2012;53(3):245–51.
- Penaforte FR, Matta NC, Japur CC. Association between stress and eating behavior in college students. Demetra: Food, Nutrition & Health 2016;11(1):225-37.
- Van Strien T, Cebolla A, Etchemendy E, et al. Emotional eating and food intake after sadness and joy. Appetite. 2013;66(2013):20-5.
- Polivy J, Herman CP. Distress and eating: Why do dieters overeat? Int J Eat Disord. 1999;26(2):153-64.
- Temel E, Bahar A, Çuhadar D. Öğrenci hemşirelerin stresle baş etme tarzları ve depresyon düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Fırat Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi. 2007;2(5):107-118.
- Van Strien T, Konttinen H, Homberg JR, Engels RCME, Winkens LHH. Emotional eating as a mediator between depression and weight gain. Appetite. 2016;100:216-224.
- Konttinen H, Ma¨nnisto¨ S, Sarlio-La¨hteenkorva S, Silventoinen K, Haukkala A. Emotional eating, depressive symptoms and self-reported food consumption. A population-based study. Appetite. 2010;54:473–479
- Yılmaz HÖ, Köse G. How does emotional appetite and depression affect BMI and food consumption? Progress in Nutrition. 2020;22(4): e2020088.
- Aoun C, Nassar L, Soumi S, Osta NE, Papazian T, Khabbaz LR. The cognitive, behavioral, and emotional aspects of eating habits and association with impulsivity, chronotype, anxiety, and depression: A cross-sectional study. Front Behav Neurosci. 2019; 13:204.
- Kaplan HI, Kaplan HS. The psychosomatic concept of obesity. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1957;125:181-201.
- Lattimore P. Mindfulness-based emotional eating awareness training: taking the emotional out of eating. Eat Weight Disord. 2020; 25(3):649-57.
Emotional eating and affecting factors on depression diagnosed patients
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 243 - 257, 31.12.2021
Seher İnalkaç
,
Hülya Arslantaş
Öz
Aim: This study has been done for the purpose of determining emotional eating and affecting factors on depression diagnosed patients.
Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 240 patients with a diagnosis of depression who applied to psychiatry outpatient clinics between December 2017 and October 2018. Data were collected by using Personal Information Form, Revised Social Problem Solving Scale, Styles of Coping with Stress Scale and Emotional Eating Scale.
Results: %54.2 of the patients in this research were women and their average age was (27.52±12.28). In the study, a negative significant relationship was found between emotional eating and revised social problem solving (p<0.01) and a positive significant relationship between emotional eating and coping styles (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It was determined that emotional eating increased as patients' problem solving and coping skills decreased. It would be appropriate to teach the patients problem solving skills and stress coping techniques.
Kaynakça
- Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği. DSM-5 Tanı Ölçütleri Başvuru Elkitabı. Köroğlu E, Çev-ed. Ankara, Türkiye: HYB Yayınları; 2013.
- Küey L. Birinci basamakta depresyon: Tanıma, ele alma, yönlendirme. Psikiyatri Dünyası. 1998;2(1):5-12.
- Öztürk O, Uluşahin A. Ruh Sağlığı ve Bozuklukları. 15. Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri; 2018.
- Işık E, Işık U, Taner Y. Çocuk, Ergen, Erişkin ve Yaşlılarda Depresif ve Bipolar Bozukluklar. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Ziraat Grup Matbaacılık; 2013.
- Baysal A. Beslenme. 18. Baskı. Ankara: Hatiboğlu Basım ve Yayınevi: 2007.
- Konttinen H. Dietary Habits and Obesity: The Role of Emotional and Cognitive Factors [Academic Dissertation]. Helsinki, Finland: Helsinki University; 2012.
- Tariq AA, Sawsan JH, Alaa MM, Maryam AA, Qaher AM. Emotional eating behavior among University of Bahrain students: A cross-sectional study. Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2019;26(1):424-32.
- Fairburn CG, Harrison PJ. Eating disorders. Lancet. 2003;361(9355):407-16.
- De Lauzon-Guillain B, Basdevant A, Romon M, Karlsson J, Borys JM, Charles MA. Is restrained eating a risk factor for weight gain in a general population? Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(1):132-8.
- Macht M. How emotions affect eating: A five-way model. Appetite. 2008; 50(1): 1-11.
- Macht M, Roth S, Ellgring H. Chocolate eating in healthy men during experimentally induced sadness and joy. Appetite. 2002;39(2):147-158.
- Laitinen J, Ek E, Sovio U. Stress-related eating and drinking behavior and body mass index and predictors of this behavior. Prev Med. 2002;34(1):29-39.
- Khodabakhsh MR, Kiani F. Effects of emotional eating on eating behaviors disorder in students: The effects of anxious mood and emotion expression. International Journal of Pediatrics. 2014;2(4):295-303.
- Liu H, Yang Q, Luo J, et al. Association between emotional eating, depressive symptoms and laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms in college students: A cross-sectional study in Hunan. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1595.
- Cecchetto C, Aiello M, Gentili C, Ionta S, Osimo SA. Increased emotional eating during COVID-19 associated with lockdown, psychological and social distress. Appetite. 2021;160:105122.
- Van Strien T. Causes of emotional eating and matched treatment of obesity. Current Diabetes Report. 2018;18(6):35.
- Jhen-da P. Depression, emotional eating and food choice. Honors College. 2014: 163. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/163. 01 Şubat 2021’de erişildi.
- Al-Musharaf S. Prevalence and predictors of emotional eating among healthy young Saudi women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrients. 2020;12:(2923):1-17.
- Paans NPG, Bot M, Brouwer IA, et al. The association between depression and eating styles in four European countries: The MooDFOOD prevention study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2018;108:85–92
- Rosenbaum DL, White KS. The relation of anxiety, depression, and stress to binge eating behavior. Journal of Health Psychology. 2015;20(6):887-98.
- Hawks SR, Gast JA. Weight loss education: A path lit darkly. Health Education and Behavior. 1998;25(3):371-82.
- Desmet P, Schifferstein H. Sources of positive and negative emotions in food experience. Appetite. 2008;50(2-3):290-301.
- Levitan RD, Davis C. Emotions and eating behavior: Implications for the current obesity epidemic. University of Toronto Quarterly. 2010;79(2):783-99.
- Blackman MC, Kvaska CA. Nutrition Psychology İmproving Dietary Adherence. 1st ed. Massachusetts, Sudbury, Jones and Bartlett Publishers; 2011.
- Zellner DA, Loaiza S, Gonzalez Z, et al. Food selection changes under stress. Physiol Behav. 2006;87(4):789-93.
- Ouwens MA, Van Strien T, Van Leeuwe JFJ, Van der Staak CPF. The dual pathway model of overeating. Replication and extension with actual food consumption. Appetite. 2009;52(1):234-7.
- İnalkaç S, Arslantaş H, Yüksel R. Bir grup ebelik öğrencisinde duygusal yeme ve etkileyen faktörler. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi 1. Uluslararası Sağlık Bilimleri Kongresi, Aydın; 1 Temmuz, 2017; Aydın, Türkiye.
- Garaulet M, Canteras M, Morales E, López-Guimera G, Sánchez-Carracedo D, Corbalán-Tutau MD. Validation of a questionnaire on emotional eating for use in cases of obesity; the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ). Nutr Hosp. 2012;27(2):645-51.
- Seven H. Yetişkinlerde Duygusal Yeme Davranışının Beslenme Durumuna Etkisi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. İstanbul, Türkiye: Haliç Üniversitesi; 2013.
- Arslantaş H, Dereboy F, Yüksel R, İnalkaç S. Duygusal yeme ölçeği’nin Türkçe çevirisinin geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2020;31(2):122-30.
- D’Zurilla TJ, Nezu AM, Maydeu-Olivares A. Manuel For The Social Problem Solving İnventory-Revised (SPSI-R), Multi-Health System. North Tonawanda; 2002.
- Eskin M, Aycan Z. Gözden geçirilmiş sosyal sorun çözme envanteri’nin Türkçe’ye (Tr SSÇE-G) uyarlanması güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları. 2009;12(23):1-10.
- Folkman S, Lazarus RS. An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. J Health Soc Behav. 1980;21(3):219-39.
- Şahin N, Durak A. Stresle başa çıkma tarzların ölçeği üniversite öğrencileri için uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Derneği. 1995;10(34):56-73.
- Arslantaş H, Dereboy F, İnalkaç S, Yüksel R. Sağlık eğitimi alan üniversite öğrencilerinde duygusal yeme ve etkileyen faktörler. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;6(1):105-111.
- Chamberlin A. Academic-Related Factors And Emotional Eating In Adolescents [Master of Science in Nutritional Sciences]. Long Beach- California, USA: California State University; 2015.
- İnalkaç S, Arslantaş H. Duygusal yeme. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi. 2018;27(1):70-82.
- Cotter EW, Kelly NR. Stress-related eating, mindfulness, and obesity. Health Psychol. 2018;37(6):516–25.
- Thompson SH, Romeo S. Gender and racial differences in emotional eating, food addiction symptoms, and body weight satisfaction among undergraduates. Journal of Diabetes and Obesity. 2015;2(2):1-6.
- Candan H, Küçük L. Lise öğrencilerinde yeme bağımlılığı ve etkileyen faktörler. J Psychiatric Nurs. 2019;10(1):12-19.
- Herle MP, Kan C, Jayaweera K, et al. The association between emotional eating and depressive symptoms: A population-based twin study in Sri Lanka. Glob Health Epidemiol Genom. 2019;4(e4):1-7.
- Nguyen-Rodrıguez ST, Unger JB, Spruijt-Metz D. Psychological determinants of emotional eating in adolescence. Eat Disord. 2009;17(3):221-24.
- Wallis DJ, Hetherington MM. Emotions and eating: Self-reported and experimentally induced changes in food intake under stress. Appetite. 2009;52(2):355-62.
- Macht M, Simons G. Emotions and eating in everyday life. Appetite. 2000;35(1):65-71.
- Konttinen H, Van Strien T, Männistö S, Jousilahti P, Haukkala A. Depression, emotional eating and long-term weight changes: A population-based prospective study. IntJ BehavNutr Phys Act. 2019;16(1):28.
- Young D, Limbers CA. Avoidant coping moderates the relationship between stress and depressive emotional eating in adolescents. Eat Weight Disord. 2017;22:683-91.
- Michopoulos V, Powers A, Moore C, Villarreal S, Ressler KJ, Bradley B. The mediating role of emotion dysregulation and depression on the relationship between childhood trauma exposure and emotional eating. Appetite. 2015;91:129-136.
- Wit L, Luppino F, Straten A, Penninx B, Zitman F, Cuijpers P. Depression and obesity: A meta-analysis of community-based studies. Psychiatry Research. 2010; 178(2): 230-35.
- Hemmingsson E, Johansson K, Reynisdottir S. Effects of childhood abuse on adult obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews. 2014; 15(11): 882-93.
- Pagoto SL, Schneider KL, Bodenlos JS, et al. Association of post-traumatic stress disorder and obesity in a nationally representative sample. Obesity. 2012; 20(1): 200-5.
- Rosmond R. Obesity and depression: same disease, different names? Medical Hypotheses. 2004; 62 (6): 976-79.
- Talbot LS, Maguen S, Epel ES, Metzler TJ, Neylan TC. Posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with emotional eating. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2013; 26(4): 521-25.
- Khosravi M. Eating disorders among patients with borderline personality disorder: understanding the prevalence and psychopathology. Journal of Eating Disorders. 2020; 8:38.
- Maner F. Yeme bozuklukları. Psikiyatri Dünyası. 2001;5:130–39.
- Evers C, Adriaanse M, de Ridder DT, de Witt Huberts JC. Good mood food. Positive emotion as a neglected trigger for food intake. Appetite. 2013;68:1-7.
- Braden A, Musher-Eizenman D, Watford T, Emley E. Eating when depressed, anxious, bored, or happy: Are emotional eating types associated with unique psychological and physical health correlates? Appetite. 2018; 125: 410-17.
- Soukup VM, Beiler ME, Terrell F. Stress, coping style, and problem solving ability among eating-disordered inpatients. J Clin Psychol. 1990;46(5):592-99.
- Spoor ST, Bekker MH, Van Strien T, Van Heck GL. Relations between negative affect, coping, and emotional eating. Appetite. 2007;48(3):368-76.
- Svaldi J, Dorn C, Trentowska M. Effectiveness for interpersonal problem‐solving is reduced in women with binge eating disorder. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2011;19(4):331-41.
- Kuijer RG, Boyce JA. Emotional eating and its effect on eating behaviour after a natural disaster. Appetite. 2012;58(3):936-9.
- Geliebter A, Aversa A. Emotional eating in overweight, normal weight, and underweight individuals. Eat Behav. 2003;3(4):341-47.
- De Young KP, Zander M, Anderson DA. Beliefs about the emo¬tional consequences of eating and binge eating frequency. Eat Behav. 2014;15(1):31–6.
- Swanson H, Power K, Collin P, et al. The relationship between parental bonding, social problem solving and eating pathology in an anorexic inpatient sample. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2010;18(1):22-32.
- Ricca V, Castellini G, Fioravanti G, et al. Emotional eating in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Compr Psychiatry. 2012;53(3):245–51.
- Penaforte FR, Matta NC, Japur CC. Association between stress and eating behavior in college students. Demetra: Food, Nutrition & Health 2016;11(1):225-37.
- Van Strien T, Cebolla A, Etchemendy E, et al. Emotional eating and food intake after sadness and joy. Appetite. 2013;66(2013):20-5.
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