Tip 2 diyabet hastalarında ölüm kayısının otoreksiya nevroza eğilimleri üzerine etkisi
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 236 - 245, 31.12.2024
Zeynep Öztürk
,
Gülcan Bahçecioğlu Turan
,
Meyreme Aksoy
Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışma Tip 2 diyabetli hastalarında ölüm kaygısının ortoreksiya nervoza eğilimleri üzerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin doğusunda yer alan Elazığ ilinde bir üniversite hastanesinin dahiliye polikliniğine başvuran 200 Tip 2 diyabet hastası ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler “Tanımlayıcı Bilgi Formu”, “Ölüm Kaygısı Ölçeği (DAÖ)” ve “Ortoreksiya-11 Ölçeği (ORTO-11)” kullanılarak toplandı.
Bulgular: Hastaların DAS puanı ortalaması 11,41±2,09, ORTO-11 puanı ortalaması ise 23,69±6,09 olarak belirlendi. DAS toplam puanının anlamlı ve negatif bir yordayıcı olduğu (β= -.540, p<0,001) ve ORTO-11 toplam puanının % 29'unu açıkladığı belirlendi.
Sonuç: Tip 2 diyabetli hastaların yüksek düzeyde ölüm kaygısı ve orta düzeyde ortoreksiya nervoza eğilimine sahip oldukları belirlendi. Ölüm kaygısı arttıkça ortoreksiya nervoza eğiliminin arttığı belirlendi.
Etik Beyan
Before starting the study, approval was taken from the Non-interventional Research Ethics Committee (29.09.2021 dated and E-97132852-050.01.04-90384 numbered) of a university and permission was taken from the institution where the study was conducted. The patients included in the study were provided with the required explanations about the purpose and method of the study and their verbal consent was taken. The study was carried out in line with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. Individuals who volunteered to participate were included in the study and their personal identity information was kept confidential.
Destekleyen Kurum
No person/organization is supporting this study financially.
Teşekkür
We thank all patients who participated in this study.
Kaynakça
- Deshpande AD, Harris-Hayes M, Schootman M. Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Physical Therapy. 2008;88(11):1254-1264.
- American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(1):81-90.
- WHO. Diabetes, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes Access date: January 2023.
- Singh C. An analytic study of death anxiety among type 2 diabetes. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 2013;4(11):205-217.
- Doğan R, Arslantas D, Ünsal A. Assessment of depression and death anxiety level in diabetic patients in Eskisehir, Turkey. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries. 2015;35(3):242-149.
- Rahrovi G, Nouhi S, Khastar H. The comparison of self-concept and death anxiety between women affected by Type 1 and 2 diabetes and healthy women. International Journal of Health Studies. 2018;3(4):11-15.
- Karakuş G, Öztürk Z, Tamam L. Ölüm ve ölüm kaygısı. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi. 2012;21(1):42-79.
- Bickett A, Tapp H. Anxiety and diabetes: innovative approaches to management in primary care. Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2016;241(15):1724-1731.
- Masmoudi J, Damak R, Zouari H, et al. Prevalence and impact of anxiety and depression on type 2 diabetes in Tunisian patients over sixty years old. Depression Research and Treatment. 2013;(1):1-6.
- Ackley BJ, Ladwig GB, Makic MBF, Martinez-Kratz M, Zanotti M. Nursing diagnosis handbook E-book: An evidence-based guide to planning care. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2019.
- Abdelhafiz AH, Sinclair AJ. Diabetes, nutrition, and exercise. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 2015;31(3):439-51.
- Franz MJ, Powers MA, Leontos C, et al. The evidence for medical nutrition therapy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes in adults. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2010;110(12):1852-1889.
- Grammatikopoulou MG, Gkiouras K, Polychronidou G, et al. Obsessed with Healthy Eating: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies Assessing Orthorexia Nervosa in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients. 2021;13(11):3823-3837.
- Taş D, Mengen E, Kocaay P, Uçaktürk SA. The Effects of Risk Behaviors and Orthorexic Behavior on Glycemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology. 2020;12(3):233-240.
- Kamanlı B. Assessment of Relationship Between The Nutritional Status and Orthorexia Nervosa of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Ankara: Institute of Health Sciences,The Community Nutrition Program M.Sc., Hacettepe University; 2017.
- Özdemir A. Less known eating disorders. International Journal of Caring Sciences. 2015;8(3):853-859.
- Arusoğlu G, Kabakçi E, Köksal G, Merdol TK. Orthorexia Nervosa and Adaptation of ORTO-11 into Turkish. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;19(3):283-291.
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
- Donini LM, Marsili D, Graziani MP, Imbriale M, Cannella C. Orthorexia nervosa: validation of a diagnosis questionnaire. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2005;10(2):28-32.
- Templer DI. The construction and validation of a death anxiety scale. The Journal of General Psychology 1970;82(2):165-177.
- Akça F, Köse İA. Ölüm Kaygısı Ölçeğinin Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2008;11(1):7-16.
- Karahan FŞ, Hamarta E. Geriatrik olgularda kronik hastalıkların ve polifarmasinin ölüm kaygısı ve anksiyete üzerine etkisi. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;2(1):8-13.
- Khawar M, Aslam N, Aamir S. Perceived social support and death anxiety among patients with chronic diseases. Pakistan Journal of Medical Research. 2013;52(3):75-79.
- Ezazi BE, Ghadampour S, Moradı SA. Predicting corona anxiety based on cognitive emotion regulation strategies, health hardiness and death anxiety in diabetic patients. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing. 2020;(2):34-44.
- Missler M, Stroebe M, Geurtsen L, Mastenbroek M, Chmoun S, Van Der Houwen K. Exploring death anxiety among elderly people: A literature review and empirical investigation. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying. 2012;64(4):357-379.
- Sun N, Lou P, Shang Y, et al. Prevalence and determinants of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adults with type 2 diabetes in China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(8):012540.
- Russac R, Gatliff C, Reece M, Spottswood D. Death anxiety across the adult years: An examination of age and gender effects. Death Studies. 2007;31(6):549-561.
- Edwards LE, Mezuk B. Anxiety and risk of type 2 diabetes: evidence from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2012;73(6):418-423.
- Kastenbaum R, Moreman C. Death, Society, and Human Experience. Routledge; 2018.
- Hanif R, Jami H, Masood S, Zubair A, Kamal A. Psychosocial Explorations of Gender in Society. Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 2020.
- Walter T. Why different countries manage death differently: a comparative analysis of modern urban societies 1. The British Journal of Sociology. 2012;63(1):123-145.
- Bjelland I, Krokstad S, Mykletun A, Dahl AA, Tell GS, Tambs K. Does a higher educational level protect against anxiety and depression? The HUNT study. Social Science & Medicine. 2008;66(6):1334-1345.
- Ganasegeran K, Renganathan P, Manaf RA, Al-Dubai SAR. Factors associated with anxiety and depression among type 2 diabetes outpatients in Malaysia: a descriptive cross-sectional single-centre study. BMJ Open. 2014;4(4):e004794.
- Petroni ML, Barbanti FA, Bonadonna R et al. Dysfunctional eating in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter Italian study of socio-demographic and clinical associations. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Di.s 2019;29:983-990.
- Jalali N, Taghavi Kojidi H, Badrfam R, Zandifar A. The relationship between personality disorder, depression and eating disorder with treatment adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes; a cross-sectional study in diabetic patients in Iran. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2021;20:153-159.
- Winston AP. Eating disorders and diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 2020;20:32.
- Nieto-Martínez R, González-Rivas JP, Medina-Inojosa JR, Florez H. Are eating disorders risk factors for type 2 diabetes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Diab Rep. 2017;17:138.
- Kamarli Altun H, Özyildirim C, Koç Ş, Aksoy HN, Sağir B, Bozkurt MS, Karasu, H. The factors associated with orthorexia nervosa in type 2 diabetes and their effect on diabetes self-management scores. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2023;28(1):22-31.
- Barbanti FA, Trento M, Bruno G, Bonadonna R, Croci M, D’Eusebio C, Petroni ML. Prevalence of orthorexic traits in type 2 diabetes mellitus: at the crossroads between nutritional counseling and eating disorders. Acta Diabetologica. 2020;57:1117-1119.
- Le Marne KM, Harris LM. Death anxiety, perfectionism and disordered eating. Behaviour Change. 2016;33(4):193-211.
- Farber SK, Jackson CC, Tabin JK, Bachar E. Death and annihilation anxieties in anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and self-mutilation. Psychoanalytic Psychology 2007;24(2):289-305.
- Forrester, M., Sharpe, L., & Menzies, R. E. (2024). Starving off death: Mortality salience impacts women’s body image and disordered eating. Death Studies, 1-10.
- Wisting L, Skrivarhaug T, Dahl-Jørgensen K, Rø Ø. Prevalence of disturbed eating behavior and associated symptoms of anxiety and depression among adult males and females with type 1 diabetes. Journal of Eating Disorders. 2018;6:1-10.
- Papelbaum M, Appolinário JC, Moreira RDO, Ellinger VCM, Kupfer R, Coutinho WF. Prevalence of eating disorders and psychiatric comorbidity in a clinical sample of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;27:135-138.
- Swinbourne J, Hunt C, Abbott M, Russell J, St Clare T, Touyz S. The comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders: Prevalence in an eating disorder sample and anxiety disorder sample. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2012;46(2):118-131.
- Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Bardone-Cone AM, Brownstone LM, Harney MB. Evaluating the roles of anxiety and dimensions of perfectionism in dieting and binge eating using weekly diary methodology. Eat. Behav. 2012;13:418-422.
- Goebel-Fabbri A, Copeland P, Touyz S, Hay P. Eating disorders in diabetes: Discussion on issues relevant to type 1 diabetes and an overview of the Journal’s special issue. Journal of Eating Disorders. 2019;7:1-3.
- Dziewa M, Bańka B, Herbet M, Piątkowska-Chmiel I. Eating disorders and diabetes: Facing the dual challenge. Nutrients. 2023;15:3955.
- Menzies RE, Zuccala M, Sharpe L, Dar-Nimrod I. Subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder and their relationship to death anxiety. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. 2020;27:100572.
- Abramowitz JS, Olatunji BO, Deacon BJ. Health anxiety, hypochondriasis, and the anxiety disorders. Behavior Therapy. 2007;38:86-94.
- Maner JK, Richey JA, Cromer K, Mallott M, Lejuez CW, Joiner TE, Schmidt NB. Dispositional anxiety and risk-avoidant decision-making. Pers. Individ. Differ. 2007;42:665-675.
- Hall PA, Rodin GM, Vallis TM, Perkins BA. The consequences of anxious temperament for disease detection, self-management behavior, and quality of life in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2009;67: 297-305.
- Ezaka ES, Nassif RN, Chibuike OP, Okeke S, Chukwubuzo OT. Relationship between death anxiety and health-related quality of life among diabetic patients: The predictive roles of experiential avoidance. Glob J Obes Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2022;9(1):011-019.
- Aliche CJ, Ifeagwazi CM, Ezaka ES. Moderating role of meaning in life in the relationship of death anxiety, experiential avoidance and health-related quality of life among type 2 diabetes patients. South African Journal of Psychology. 2023;00812463231186328.
The effect of death anxiety on orthorexia nervosa tendencies in type 2 diabetes patients
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 236 - 245, 31.12.2024
Zeynep Öztürk
,
Gülcan Bahçecioğlu Turan
,
Meyreme Aksoy
Öz
Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of death anxiety on orthorexia nervosa tendencies in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with 200 Type 2 diabetes patients who referred to internal medicine outpatient clinics of a university hospital in Elazığ, a city in the east of Turkey. The data were collected by using “Descriptive Information Form”, “Death Anxiety Scale (DAS)” and “Orthorexia-11 Scale (ORTO-11)”.
Results: The mean DAS score of the patients was 11.41±2.09, while their mean ORTO-11 score was found as 23.69±6.09. It was found that DAS total score was a significant and negative predictor (β= -.540, p<0.001) and explained 29 % of ORTO-11 total score.
Conclusion: Patients with Type 2 diabetes were found to have high level of death anxiety and moderate level of orthorexia nervosa tendency. It was found that orthorexia nervosa tendency increased as death anxiety increased.
Etik Beyan
Before starting the study, approval was taken from the Non-interventional Research Ethics Committee (29.09.2021 dated and E-97132852-050.01.04-90384 numbered) of a university and permission was taken from the institution where the study was conducted. The patients included in the study were provided with the required explanations about the purpose and method of the study and their verbal consent was taken. The study was carried out in line with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. Individuals who volunteered to participate were included in the study and their personal identity information was kept confidential.
Destekleyen Kurum
No person/organization is supporting this study financially.
Teşekkür
We thank all patients who participated in this study.
Kaynakça
- Deshpande AD, Harris-Hayes M, Schootman M. Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Physical Therapy. 2008;88(11):1254-1264.
- American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(1):81-90.
- WHO. Diabetes, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes Access date: January 2023.
- Singh C. An analytic study of death anxiety among type 2 diabetes. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 2013;4(11):205-217.
- Doğan R, Arslantas D, Ünsal A. Assessment of depression and death anxiety level in diabetic patients in Eskisehir, Turkey. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries. 2015;35(3):242-149.
- Rahrovi G, Nouhi S, Khastar H. The comparison of self-concept and death anxiety between women affected by Type 1 and 2 diabetes and healthy women. International Journal of Health Studies. 2018;3(4):11-15.
- Karakuş G, Öztürk Z, Tamam L. Ölüm ve ölüm kaygısı. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi. 2012;21(1):42-79.
- Bickett A, Tapp H. Anxiety and diabetes: innovative approaches to management in primary care. Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2016;241(15):1724-1731.
- Masmoudi J, Damak R, Zouari H, et al. Prevalence and impact of anxiety and depression on type 2 diabetes in Tunisian patients over sixty years old. Depression Research and Treatment. 2013;(1):1-6.
- Ackley BJ, Ladwig GB, Makic MBF, Martinez-Kratz M, Zanotti M. Nursing diagnosis handbook E-book: An evidence-based guide to planning care. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2019.
- Abdelhafiz AH, Sinclair AJ. Diabetes, nutrition, and exercise. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 2015;31(3):439-51.
- Franz MJ, Powers MA, Leontos C, et al. The evidence for medical nutrition therapy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes in adults. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2010;110(12):1852-1889.
- Grammatikopoulou MG, Gkiouras K, Polychronidou G, et al. Obsessed with Healthy Eating: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies Assessing Orthorexia Nervosa in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients. 2021;13(11):3823-3837.
- Taş D, Mengen E, Kocaay P, Uçaktürk SA. The Effects of Risk Behaviors and Orthorexic Behavior on Glycemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology. 2020;12(3):233-240.
- Kamanlı B. Assessment of Relationship Between The Nutritional Status and Orthorexia Nervosa of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Ankara: Institute of Health Sciences,The Community Nutrition Program M.Sc., Hacettepe University; 2017.
- Özdemir A. Less known eating disorders. International Journal of Caring Sciences. 2015;8(3):853-859.
- Arusoğlu G, Kabakçi E, Köksal G, Merdol TK. Orthorexia Nervosa and Adaptation of ORTO-11 into Turkish. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;19(3):283-291.
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
- Donini LM, Marsili D, Graziani MP, Imbriale M, Cannella C. Orthorexia nervosa: validation of a diagnosis questionnaire. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2005;10(2):28-32.
- Templer DI. The construction and validation of a death anxiety scale. The Journal of General Psychology 1970;82(2):165-177.
- Akça F, Köse İA. Ölüm Kaygısı Ölçeğinin Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2008;11(1):7-16.
- Karahan FŞ, Hamarta E. Geriatrik olgularda kronik hastalıkların ve polifarmasinin ölüm kaygısı ve anksiyete üzerine etkisi. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;2(1):8-13.
- Khawar M, Aslam N, Aamir S. Perceived social support and death anxiety among patients with chronic diseases. Pakistan Journal of Medical Research. 2013;52(3):75-79.
- Ezazi BE, Ghadampour S, Moradı SA. Predicting corona anxiety based on cognitive emotion regulation strategies, health hardiness and death anxiety in diabetic patients. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing. 2020;(2):34-44.
- Missler M, Stroebe M, Geurtsen L, Mastenbroek M, Chmoun S, Van Der Houwen K. Exploring death anxiety among elderly people: A literature review and empirical investigation. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying. 2012;64(4):357-379.
- Sun N, Lou P, Shang Y, et al. Prevalence and determinants of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adults with type 2 diabetes in China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(8):012540.
- Russac R, Gatliff C, Reece M, Spottswood D. Death anxiety across the adult years: An examination of age and gender effects. Death Studies. 2007;31(6):549-561.
- Edwards LE, Mezuk B. Anxiety and risk of type 2 diabetes: evidence from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2012;73(6):418-423.
- Kastenbaum R, Moreman C. Death, Society, and Human Experience. Routledge; 2018.
- Hanif R, Jami H, Masood S, Zubair A, Kamal A. Psychosocial Explorations of Gender in Society. Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 2020.
- Walter T. Why different countries manage death differently: a comparative analysis of modern urban societies 1. The British Journal of Sociology. 2012;63(1):123-145.
- Bjelland I, Krokstad S, Mykletun A, Dahl AA, Tell GS, Tambs K. Does a higher educational level protect against anxiety and depression? The HUNT study. Social Science & Medicine. 2008;66(6):1334-1345.
- Ganasegeran K, Renganathan P, Manaf RA, Al-Dubai SAR. Factors associated with anxiety and depression among type 2 diabetes outpatients in Malaysia: a descriptive cross-sectional single-centre study. BMJ Open. 2014;4(4):e004794.
- Petroni ML, Barbanti FA, Bonadonna R et al. Dysfunctional eating in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter Italian study of socio-demographic and clinical associations. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Di.s 2019;29:983-990.
- Jalali N, Taghavi Kojidi H, Badrfam R, Zandifar A. The relationship between personality disorder, depression and eating disorder with treatment adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes; a cross-sectional study in diabetic patients in Iran. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2021;20:153-159.
- Winston AP. Eating disorders and diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 2020;20:32.
- Nieto-Martínez R, González-Rivas JP, Medina-Inojosa JR, Florez H. Are eating disorders risk factors for type 2 diabetes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Diab Rep. 2017;17:138.
- Kamarli Altun H, Özyildirim C, Koç Ş, Aksoy HN, Sağir B, Bozkurt MS, Karasu, H. The factors associated with orthorexia nervosa in type 2 diabetes and their effect on diabetes self-management scores. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2023;28(1):22-31.
- Barbanti FA, Trento M, Bruno G, Bonadonna R, Croci M, D’Eusebio C, Petroni ML. Prevalence of orthorexic traits in type 2 diabetes mellitus: at the crossroads between nutritional counseling and eating disorders. Acta Diabetologica. 2020;57:1117-1119.
- Le Marne KM, Harris LM. Death anxiety, perfectionism and disordered eating. Behaviour Change. 2016;33(4):193-211.
- Farber SK, Jackson CC, Tabin JK, Bachar E. Death and annihilation anxieties in anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and self-mutilation. Psychoanalytic Psychology 2007;24(2):289-305.
- Forrester, M., Sharpe, L., & Menzies, R. E. (2024). Starving off death: Mortality salience impacts women’s body image and disordered eating. Death Studies, 1-10.
- Wisting L, Skrivarhaug T, Dahl-Jørgensen K, Rø Ø. Prevalence of disturbed eating behavior and associated symptoms of anxiety and depression among adult males and females with type 1 diabetes. Journal of Eating Disorders. 2018;6:1-10.
- Papelbaum M, Appolinário JC, Moreira RDO, Ellinger VCM, Kupfer R, Coutinho WF. Prevalence of eating disorders and psychiatric comorbidity in a clinical sample of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;27:135-138.
- Swinbourne J, Hunt C, Abbott M, Russell J, St Clare T, Touyz S. The comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders: Prevalence in an eating disorder sample and anxiety disorder sample. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2012;46(2):118-131.
- Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Bardone-Cone AM, Brownstone LM, Harney MB. Evaluating the roles of anxiety and dimensions of perfectionism in dieting and binge eating using weekly diary methodology. Eat. Behav. 2012;13:418-422.
- Goebel-Fabbri A, Copeland P, Touyz S, Hay P. Eating disorders in diabetes: Discussion on issues relevant to type 1 diabetes and an overview of the Journal’s special issue. Journal of Eating Disorders. 2019;7:1-3.
- Dziewa M, Bańka B, Herbet M, Piątkowska-Chmiel I. Eating disorders and diabetes: Facing the dual challenge. Nutrients. 2023;15:3955.
- Menzies RE, Zuccala M, Sharpe L, Dar-Nimrod I. Subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder and their relationship to death anxiety. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. 2020;27:100572.
- Abramowitz JS, Olatunji BO, Deacon BJ. Health anxiety, hypochondriasis, and the anxiety disorders. Behavior Therapy. 2007;38:86-94.
- Maner JK, Richey JA, Cromer K, Mallott M, Lejuez CW, Joiner TE, Schmidt NB. Dispositional anxiety and risk-avoidant decision-making. Pers. Individ. Differ. 2007;42:665-675.
- Hall PA, Rodin GM, Vallis TM, Perkins BA. The consequences of anxious temperament for disease detection, self-management behavior, and quality of life in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2009;67: 297-305.
- Ezaka ES, Nassif RN, Chibuike OP, Okeke S, Chukwubuzo OT. Relationship between death anxiety and health-related quality of life among diabetic patients: The predictive roles of experiential avoidance. Glob J Obes Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2022;9(1):011-019.
- Aliche CJ, Ifeagwazi CM, Ezaka ES. Moderating role of meaning in life in the relationship of death anxiety, experiential avoidance and health-related quality of life among type 2 diabetes patients. South African Journal of Psychology. 2023;00812463231186328.