Evaluation of the effect of a natural monoterpenic phenol on the cytotoxicity of carfilzomib

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 189 - 199, 31.12.2024

Ayşe Erdoğan

https://doi.org/10.30569/adiyamansaglik.1522904

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study was to reveal whether carfilzomib, proteasome inhibitor, and carvacrol, a natural monoterpenic phenol, causes cytotoxic and apoptotic effects and oxidative stress on A-549 cells.
Materials and Methods: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity test was used. Changes in caspase 3 and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities in cells were determined.
Results: It was determined that carfilzomib alone and together with carvacrol caused a raise in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione peroxidase and apoptotic enzyme, caspase-3 activity, compared to the control.
Conclusion: Our study showing that carfilzomib alone and together with carvacrol gave different responses may be guiding in determining new strategies to be applied in lung cancer treatment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Lung cancer, Carvacrol, Carfilzomib, Apoptotic effect

Etik Beyan

The study does not require ethics committee approval since it does not involve any human or animal subject.

Destekleyen Kurum

No sponsorship or funding from agencies in the commercial sectors were received for this research.

Teşekkür

The author wish to thanks to Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University for providing the necessary facilities to conduct this study

Doğal bir monoterpenik fenolün carfilzomibin sitotoksisitesine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir proteazom inhibitörü olan carfilzomib ile doğal bir monoterpenik fenol olan karvakrolün A-549 hücrelerinde sitotoksik ve apoptotik etkilere ve oksidatif strese neden olup olmadığını ortaya koymaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH) aktivite testi kullanılmıştır. Hücrelerdeki kaspaz 3 ve glutatyon peroksidaz enzim aktivitelerindeki değişiklikler belirlenmiştir.
Bulgular: Carfilzomib’in tek başına ve karvakrol ile birlikte laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH), glutatyon peroksidaz ve apoptotik enzim olan kaspaz-3 aktivitelerinde kontrole göre artışlara neden oldukları belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Carfilzomib’in tek başına ve karvakrol ile birlikte farklı yanıtlar verdiğini gösteren çalışmamız, akciğer kanseri tedavisinde uygulanacak yeni stratejilerin belirlenmesinde yol gösterici olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akciğer kanseri, Karvakrol, Carfilzomib, Apoptotik etki

Etik Beyan

The study does not require ethics committee approval since it does not involve any human or animal subject.

Destekleyen Kurum

No sponsorship or funding from agencies in the commercial sectors were received for this research.

Teşekkür

The author wish to thanks to Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University for providing the necessary facilities to conduct this study.

Kaynakça

• Greenlee RT, Murray T, Bolden S, Wingpo CA. Cancer statistics. Cancer J Clin. 2000;50: 7-33.
• Roberts AB, Wakefıeld LM. The two faces of transforming growth factor β in carcinogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2003;100:8621-8623.
• Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005;55: 74-108.
• Yurdakul AS, Çalışır HC, Demirağ F, Taci N, Öğretensoy M. Akciğer Kanserinin Histolojik Tiplerinin Dağılımı (2216 olgunun analizi). Toraks Dergisi. 2002;3:59-65.
• Bunn PA Jr, Franklin W. Epidermal growth factor receptor expression, signal pathway, and inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. Semin Oncol. 2002;29:38-44.
• Dellabona P, Moro M, Crosti MC, Casorati G, Corti A. Vascular attack and immunotherapy: a ‘two hits’ approach to improve biological treatment of cancer. Gene Therapy, 1999;6:153-154.
• Aktaş SH. Kemoterapinin Kolon Kanseri, M eme Kanseri ve Mide Kanserinde VEGF Düzeylerine Etkisinin İn Vivo Ve İn Vitro İncelemesi. Biyoteknoloji Enstitüsü, Temel Biyoteknoloji Anabilm Dalı. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi, 2010.
• Jung T, Catalgol B, Grune T. The proteasomal system. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 2009; 30:191-296.
• Crawford LJ, Walker B, Irvine AE. Proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapy. Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling, 2011;5;101-110.
• Richardson PG, Briemberg H, Jagannath S, Wen PY, Barlogie B, Berenson J, et al. Frequency, characteristics, and reversibility of peripheral neuropathy during treatment of advanced multiple myeloma with bortezomib. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2006;24:3113-3120.
• Manasanch EE, Orlowski RZ. Proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapy. Nature reviews Clinical oncology, 2017; 14:417-433.
• Kortuem KM, Stewart AK. Carfilzomib. Blood, 2013;121:893-897.
• Teicher BA, Tomaszewski JE. Proteasome inhibitors. Biochemical pharmacology, 2015;96:1-9.
• Sivropoulou A, Papanikolaou E, Nikolaou C, Kokkini S, Lanaras T, Arsenakis M. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Origanum essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1996;44:1202-1205.
• Aligiannis N, Kalpoutzakis E, Mitaku S, Chinou IB. Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of two Origanum species. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2001;49:4168-4170.
• Sahin F, Gulluce M, Daferera D, Sokmen A, Sokmen M, Polissiou M, et al. Biological activities of the essential oils and methanol extract of Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Food Control, 2003;15:549-557.
• Aydın S, Öztürk Y, Beis R, Başer KHC. Investigation of Origanum onites, Sideritis congesta, Satureja cuneifolia essential oils for analgesic activity. Phytotherapy Research, 1998;10:342-344.
• Vincenzi MD, Stammati A, Vincenzic AD, Silanoa M. Constituents of aromatic plants: Carvacrol. Fitoterapia, 2004;75:801-804.
• Choriannopoulos N, Kalpoutzakis E, Aligiannis N, Mitaku N, Nychas GJ, Haroutounian SA. Essential oils of Satureja, Origanum, and Thymus species: chemical composition and antibacterial activities against foodborne pathogens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004;52:8261-8267.
• Bakkali F, Averbeck S, Averbeck D, Idaomar M. Biological effects of essential oils-A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2008;46:446-475.
• Aslim B, Yucel N. In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oil from endemic Origanum minutiflorum on ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter spp. Food and Chemical, 2008;107:602-606.
• Kordali S, Cakir A, Ozer H, Cakmakci R, Kesdek M. Antifungal, phytotoxic and insecticidal properties of essential oil isolated from Turkish Origanum acutidens and its three components, carvacrol, thymol and p-cymene. Bioresource Technology, 2008;99:8788-8795.
• Karpouhtsis I, Pardali E, Feggou E, Kokkini S, Scouras ZG, Tsipidou PM. Insecticidal and genotoxic activities of oregano essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1998;46:1111-1115.
• Aydin S, Cakmak A, Arslan R. Role of carvacrol on the analgesic actions of natural products. Journal of Physiological Sciences, 2009;59:381-381.
• Govaris A, Solomakos N, Pexara A, Chatzopoulou PS. The antimicrobial effect of oregano essential oil, nisin and their combination against Salmonella enteritidis in minced sheep meat during refrigerated storage. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2010;137:175-180.
• Ding HY, Chou TH, Liang CH. Antioxidant and antimelanogenic properties of rosmarinic acid methyl ester from Origanum vulgare. Food Chemistry, 2010;123:254-262.
• Fuentes AO, Gutiérrez EA, Señorans FJ, Reglero G. Supercritical fluid extraction of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essentials oils: Anti-inflammatory properties based on cytokine response on THP-1 macrophages. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2010;48:1568-1575.
• Rivas L, McDonnell MJ, Burgess CM, O'Brien M, Villa AN, Fanning S, et al. Inhibition of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli in model broth and rumen systems by carvacrol and thymol. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2010;139:70-78.
• Terenina MB, Misharina TA, Krikunova NI, Alinkina ES, Fatkulina LD, Vorob'yova AK. Oregano essential oil as an inhibitor of higher fatty acid oxidatio. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2011;47:445-449.
• Guarda A, Rubilar JF, Miltz J, Galotto MJ. The antimicrobial activity of microencapsulated thymol and carvacrol. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2011;146:144-150.
• Monzote L, Stamberg W, Staniek K, Gille L. Toxic effects of carvacrol, caryophyllene oxide, and ascaridole from essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides on mitochondri. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2009;240:337-347.
• Ündeger Ü, Basaran A, Degen GH, Basaran N. Antioxidant activities of major thyme ingredients and lack of (oxidative) DNA damage in V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells at low levels of carvacrol and thymol. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2009;47:2037-2043.
• Ghomi JS, Ebrahimabadi AH, Bidgoli ZD, Batooli H. GC/MS analysis and in vitro antioxidant activity of essential oil and methanol extracts of Thymus caramanicus jalas and its main constituent carvacrol. Food Chemistry, 2009;115:1524-1528.
• Landa P, Kokoska L, Pribylova M, Vanek T, Marsik P. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of carvacrol: lnhibitory effect on COX-2 catalyzed prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 2009;32:75-78.
• Burt SA, Fledderman MJ, Haagsman HP, Knapen F, Veldhuizen EJA. Inhibition of Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis on agar and raw chicken by carvacrol vapour. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2007;119:346-350.
• Tepe B, Sökmen M, Akpulat HA, Daferera D, Polissiou M, Sökmen A. Antioxidative activity of the essential oils of Thymus sipyleus subsp. sipyleus var. Sipyleus and Thymus sipyleus subsp. sipyleus var rosulans. Journal of Food Engineering, 2005;66:447-454.
• Yanishlieva NV, Marinova EM, Gordon MH, Raneva VG. Antioxidant activity and mechanism of action of thymol and carvacrol in two lipid systems. Food Chemistry, 1999;64: 59-66.
• Ultee A, Gorris LGM, Smid EJ. Bactericidal activity of carvacrol towards the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 1998;85:211-218.
• Aeschbach R, Löliger J, Scott BC, Murcia A, Butler J, Halliwell B, Aruoma OI. Antioxidant actions of thymol, carvacrol, 6-gingerol, zingerone and hydroxytyrosol. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 1994;26:31-36.
• Didry N, Dubreuil L, Pinkas M. Activity of thymol, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on oral bacteria. Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae, 1994;69:25-28.
• He L, Mo H, Hadisusilo S, Qureshi AA, Elson CE. Isoprenoids suppress the growth of murine B16 melanomas in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Nutrition, 1997;127:668-674.
• Stammati A, Bonsi P, Zucco F, Moezelaar R, Alakomi HL, Wright A. Toxicity of selected plant volatiles in microbial and mammalian short-term assays. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 1999;37:813-823.
• Zeytinoğlu H, İncesu Z, Başer KHC. Inhibition of DNA synthesis by carvacrol in mouse myoblast cells bearing a human N-RAS oncogene. Phytomedicine, 2003;10:292-299.
• Koparal AT, Zeytinoglu M. Effects of carvacrol on a human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line, A549. Cytotechnology, 2003;43:149-154.
• Karkabounas S, Kostoula OK, Daskalou T, Veltsistas P, Karamouzis M, Zelovitis I, et al. Anticarcinogenic and antiplatelet effects of carvacrol. Experimental Oncology, 2006;28:121-125.
• Lampronti I, Saab AM, Gambari R. Antiproliferative activity of essential oils derived from plants belonging to the Magnoliophyta division. International Journal of Oncology, 2006;29: 989-995.
• Horvathova E, Turcaniova V, Slamenova D. “Comparative study of DNA-damaging and DNA-protective effects of selected components of essential plant oils in human leukemic cells K56. Neoplasma, 2007;54:478-483.
• Arunasree KM. Anti-proliferative effects of carvacrol on a human metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB 231. Phytomedicine, 2010;17(8–9):581-588.
• Mehdi SJ, Ahmad A, Irshad M, Manzoor N, Rizvi MMA. Cytotoxic effects of carvacrol on human cervical cancer cells. Biology and Medicine, 2011;3(2):307-312.
• Storia A, Ercolini D, Marinello F, Pasqua R, Villani F, Mauriello G. Atomic force microscopy analysis shows surface structure changes in carvacrol-treated bacterial cell. Research in Microbiology, 2011;162:164-172.
• Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods., 1983; 65:55-63.
• Huang F, Wu XN, Chen J I E, Wang W X, Lu ZF. Resveratrol reverses multidrug resistance in human breast cancer doxorubicin-resistant cells. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2014;7(6):1611-1616.
• Flohe L, Gunzler WA. Glutathione peroxidase. Methods Enzymol., 1984;105:115-121.
• Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantization of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding. Anal Biochem., 1976;72:248-254.
• Kirkman TW. Statistics to Use [Online]. 1996. Retrieved August 17, 2008, from http://www.physics.csbsju.edu/stats/1996
• Nelson DL, Cox MM. Lehninger Biyokimyanın İlkeleri (Çev. Edit. Kılıç N.). Ankara: Palme yayıncılık, 2005;130-152.
• Thandra KC, Barsouk A, Saginala K, Aluru JS, Barsouk A. Epidemiology of lung cancer. Wspolczesna Onkologia, 2021;25:45-52.
• Güveli H, Uzsoy A, Özlü T, Kenger EB, Ergün C. Onkoloji hastalarında tamamlayıcı ve alternatı̇f tıp kullanım sıklığının ve diyet yaklaşımlarının belı̇rlenmesı̇. European Journal of Science and Technology, 2021;21:307-312.
• Nigro E, Formato M, Crescente G, Daniele A. Cancer initiation, progression and resistance: are phytocannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L. promising compounds? Molecules, 2021;26:20.
• Arunasree K, Anti-proliferative effects of carvacrol on a human metastatic breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB 231. Phytomedicine, 2010;17:581-588.
• Bozdemir Ç. Türkiye’de yetişen kekik türleri, ekonomik önemi ve kullanım alanları. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 2019;29:583-594.
• Salehi B, Mishra AP, Shukla I, Sharifi‐Rad M, Contreras MdM, Segura‐Carretero A, et al. Thymol, thyme, and other plant sources: Health and potential uses. Phytotherapy Research, 2018;32:1688-1706.
• Suntres ZE, Coccimiglio J, Alipour M. The bioactivity and toxicological actions of carvacrol. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2015;55;304-318.
• Mbese Z, Aderibigbe BA. Biological Efficacy of Carvacrol Analogues. Recent Patents on Anti-infective Drug Discovery, 2018;13:207-216.
• Sharifi‐Rad M, Varoni EM, Iriti M, Martorell M, Setzer WN, del Mar Contreras M, et al. Carvacrol and human health: A comprehensive review. Phytotherapy Research, 2018;32:1675-1687.
• Robak P, Drozdz I, Szemraj J, Robak T. Drug resistance in multiple myeloma. Cancer Treatment Reviews, 2018;70:199-208.
• Besse A, Stolze SC, Rasche L, Weinhold N, Morgan GJ, Kraus M, et al. Carfilzomib resistance due to ABCB1/MDR1 overexpression is overcome by nelfinavir and lopinavir in multiple myeloma. Leukemia, 2018;32:391-401.
• Barani M, Hajinezhad MR, Shahraki S, Mirinejad S, Razlansari M, Sargazi S, et al. Preparation, characterization, and toxicity assessment of carfilzomib-loaded nickel-based metal-organic framework: Evidence from in-vivo and in-vitro experiments. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2023;81:104268.
• Hanke NT, Garland LL, Baker AF. Carfilzomib combined with suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) synergistically promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2016;142:549-560.
• Hanke NT, Imler E, Marron MT, Seligmann BE, Garland LL, Baker AF. Characterization of carfilzomib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 2018;144:1317-1327.
• Castillo Herrera GA, Espinosa ME, Haro González JN, García Fajardo JA, Andrews HE, Velázquez MM. Impact of fractional distillation on physicochemical and biological properties of oregano essential oil of Lippia graveolens HBK grown wild in Mexico. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2023;26:1515-1525.