Geç dönem kadin ergenlerde dindarlik, içselleştirilmiş cinsiyetçilik ve cinsel tutumlar: Yapisal eşitlik modellemesi
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 246 - 256, 31.12.2024
Mahmut Evli
Öz
Amaç: Adölesan dönem pekçok alanda olduğu gibi fiziksel ve cinsel değişimlerinde hız kazanmasına ek olarak toplumsal normlarında içselleştirildiği bir dönem olmasına rağmen cinsel tutum ve dindarlığa ilişkin sonuçlar tutarsız iken, cinsiyetçilikle ilgili çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, geç ergenlik dönemindeki kadınlarda dindarlığın içselleştirilmiş cinsiyetçilik ve cinsel tutumlar üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma geç dönem ergen kadınlarda dindarlığın içselleştirilmiş cinsiyetçilik ve cinsel tutumlar üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla Türkiye’de yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın örneklemini 18-25 yaş arası 670 kadın ergen oluşturmuştur.
Bulgular: Geç dönem adölesan kadınlarda dindarlık, cinsel tutum ve içselleştirilmiş cinsiyetçiliği direkt etkilemektedir. Ayrıca dindarlık ile cinsel tutumlar arasındaki ilişkide içselleştirilmiş cinsiyetçilik aracı role sahiptir.
Sonuç: Doğru kaynaklardan edinilen din bilgisinin uygun yorumlanması ile kadın ergenlerin cinsiyetçiliğe ve cinselliğe yönelik tutumlarını olumlu etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu bağlamda sağlık profesyonellerinin ergenlere yönelik multidisipliner ekiple birlikte çalışmalar yapmalarının riskli cinsel davranışlara karşı koruyucu etkisinin olacağı varsayılmaktadır.
Etik Beyan
Ethics committee approval for our study was received from Erciyes University, Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee (Approval No:473/Date:28.12.2021). All procedures were utilized in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Destekleyen Kurum
No sponsorship or funding from agencies in the commercial sectors were received for this research.
Teşekkür
Thank you to all the volunteers who participated in the study.
Kaynakça
- World Health Organization (WHO). Promoting the health of young people in custody. Available at: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/107532/WHO-EURO-2003-8528-48300-71717-eng.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y. Published, 2003.Accessed 08 March, 2022.
- Pawlowski W, Hamilton G. Talking to your adolescent about STDs, HIV, & Sex. Stages of Adolescent Development. Available at: http://www.proyectoideas.jsi.com/Docs/OCC%20Notes%20Feb.%202008.pdf. Published, 2008.Accessed 08 March, 2022.
- Arnett JJ. Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist. 2000:55(5):469–480. doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469
- Dilbaz N. Risk of substance use and protection from substance addiction, 1st Edition, TR Ministry of Family and Social Policies, General Directorate of Family and Community Services, Ankara. 2013:19-45.
- World Health Organization (WHO) (2017). Sexual and reproductive health. [Cited 22 March 2023]. Available from: http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/sexual_health/sh_definitions/en/
- Abay KC. A research on 'religious development in adolescence' literature (1963-2020) in Turkish psychology of religion studies. Turkish Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 2020:2:161-220. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1381587
- Akbaş E, Yiğitoğlu G. Psychosocial problems in adolescence. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches. 2021:18(43):7277-7299. doi.org/10.26466/opus.906824
- Turkish Statistical Institute. Youth with statistics, 2020. Available at: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Genclik-2020-37242. Published, 2020.Accessed 09 March, 2022.
- United Nations Population Fund. World population indicator 2020. Available at: https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population-dashboard. Published, 2020.Accessed 09 March, 2022.
- Zuckerman P. Introduction to the sociology of religion. Trans: İhsan Çapçıoğlu, Halil Aydınalp, Istanbul: United Bookstore, 2020:52.
- Çiğdem R. The approach of Islam to sexual life. Journal of Islamic Law Studies. 2016:28:117-135.
- Orenstein GA, Lewis L. Eriksons stages of psychosocial development. 2020. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556096/. Published, 2020.Accessed 08 March, 2022.
- Kogan I, Weißmann M. Religion and sexuality: Between-and within-individual differences in attitudes to pre-marital cohabitation among adolescents in four European countries. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2020:46(17):3630- 3354. doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2019.1620416
- Longest KC, Uecker JE. Moral communities and sex: The religious ınfluence on young adult sexual behavior and regret. Sociological Perspectives. 2018:61(3):361-382. doi.org/10.1177/0731121417730015
- Somefun OD. Religiosity and sexual abstinence among Nigerian youths: Does parent religion matter?. BMC Public Health. 2019:19:416. doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6732-2
- Taggart T, Gottfredson N, Powell W, et al. The role of religious socialization and religiosity in african american and caribbean black adolescents' sexual ınitiation. Journal of Religion and Health. 2018:57(5):1889–1904. doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-0605-3
- Miller L, Gur M. Religiousness and sexual responsibility in adolescent girls. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2002:31(5):401-406. doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00403-2
- Erdoğan HNÖ. Relıgıous and social development of adolescence. Abant İzzet Baysal University Journal of Social Sciences Institute. 2014:14(1):153-166.
- Şimşek H. Effects of gender ınequalıtıes on women’s reproductıve health: The case of Türkiye. Journal of Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, 2011:25(2):119-126. https://tip.deu.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/10_h_simsek-cinsiyet-esitsizligi_11-126.pdf
- Değer VB, Balcı E. Reproductive health, sexuality and ımportance of sex education in adolescence. Turkish Studies (Electronics). 2018:13(4):1423-1448.
- Kansu ÇH, Özel Ş, Engin ÜY. Sexual and reproductive health in adolescents. Journal of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Neonatology Medicine. 2018:15(4):184-188. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jgon/issue/51868/675186
- Komut S. Women, sexuality and abortion in Türkiye. Journal of Social and Human Sciences. 2011:3(1):87-95. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/117256
- David, E.J.R. (Ed.). Internalized oppression: The psychology of marginalized groups. New York, NY: Springer. 2014:1-30.
- Bearman S, Amrhein M. Girls, women, and internalized sexism. Internalized Oppression: The Psychology of Marginalized Groups, EJR David, ed. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company. 2014:191-225.
- Kaval M. The problem of women's value in divine religions. Academic Perspective International Refereed Journal of Social Sciences. 2016:55:306-324.
- Pheterson G. Alliances between women: Overcoming internalized oppression and internalized domination. In L. Albrecht & R. Brewer (Eds.), Bridges of power: Women’s multicultural alliances. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers. 1990:34-48.
- Register JD, Katrevich, AV, Aruguete MS, Edman JL. Effects of self-objectification on self-reported eating pathology and depression. The American Journal of Psychology. 2015:128(1):107-113. doi.org/10.5406/amerjpsyc.128.1.0107
- Szymanski DM, Ikizler AS, Dunn TL. Sexual minority women’s relationship quality: Examining the roles of multiple oppressions and silencing the self. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity. 2016:3(1):1–10. doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000145
- Impett EA, Schooler D, Tolman DL. To be seen and not heard: femininity ideology and adolescent girls' sexual health. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2006:35(2):131-44. doi.org/ 10.1007/s10508-005-9016-0
- Yağcı F, Gurbuz MD, Sezgin E. Investigation of the relationship between adolescent children's attitudes towards sex education and their parents' perceptions of gender. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences. 2021:23(4):1211-1225. doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.889239
- Yağan Güder S, Alabay E. Children’s questions and answers of parents: sexual education dilemma. International Journal of Progressive Education. 2018:14(6):138–151. doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2018.179.11
- Fennell R, Grant B. Discussing sexuality in health care: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2019:28(17-18):3065-3076. doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14900
- İlkkaracan P. Women and sexuality in muslim societies. Güney T (Edt). Communication Publications, İstanbul. 2018:11-21.
- Gürbüz S, Şahin F. Research Methods in Social Sciences: Philosophy-Methods-Analysis. (Exploratory Factor Analysis and Reliability Analysis.). Ankara, Seçkin Publishing, 2018.
- Karaçam Ö, Totan T, Korkmaz YB, Koyuncu M. Turkish adaptation of the Hendrick Brief Sexual Attitudes Scale, validity and reliability study. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry. 2012:13:138-144.
- Ayten A, Hussain AM. The Relationship between religiosity, environmental orientation and environmental behaviors: An empirical study with turkish and british muslim samples. Journal of Marmara University Faculty of Theology. 2017:53(2017):27-44. doi.org/10.15370/maruifd.405066
- Bozkur B. Developing internalized sexism scale for women: A validity and reliability study. International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture. 2020:11:1981-2028. doi.org/10.35826/ijoecc.289
- Kim HY. Statistical notes for clinical researchers: Assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restor Dent Endod. 2013;38:52–4. doi: 10.5395/rde.2013.38.1.52.
- Doğan S, Küçükgöncü S. Sexuality studies from past to present. Neuropsychiatry Archive. 2009:46(3):102-109.
- Maynard RA. Kids having kids: Economic costs and social consequences of teen pregnancy. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press. 1997.
- Cueto S, Leon J. Early sexual initiation among adolescents: A longitudinal analysis for 15-year-olds in Peru. Interamerican Journal of Psychology. 2016:50(2):186-203. doi.org/10.30849/rip/ijp.v50i2.2
- Merghati KE, Whelan A, Cohen J. Sharing beliefs: what sexuality means to Muslim Iranian women living in Australia. Culture, Health & Sexuality. 2008:10(3):237-248. doi.org/10.1080/13691050701740039.
- Mir-hosseini Z. The construction of gender in Islamic legal theory. 2006. Available at: https://www.sistersinislam.org. Published, 2006. Accessed 25 Febr 2022.
- Sucu A. Women's religiosity and its social consequences from a sexist perspective. Women on the Threshold of the 21st Century, International Multidisciplinary Women's Congress, 2010:7-13.
- Baseri A. Research about comparison violence and respect to woman divine religions (Juadism, Christianity, Islam). Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University Journal of Social and Economic Research. 2014:(3):123-127. doi.org/10.18493/kmusekad.03014
- Anık Y, Ege E. Nursing approach in early marriages and adolescent pregnancies. Celebioglu, A. (Edt). Adolescent Health and Nursing Approaches. 1st Edition. Ankara: Türkiye Clinics; 2019:46-55.
Religiosity, internalized sexism, and sexual attitudes in late female adolescents: A structural equality modeling
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 246 - 256, 31.12.2024
Mahmut Evli
Öz
Aim: Adolescence is a period marked by rapid physical and sexual changes, as well as the internalization of societal norms. However, while studies on sexual attitudes and religiosity yield inconsistent results, research on sexism remains limited. This study aims to examine the impact of religiosity on internalized sexism and sexual attitudes in late-adolescent women.
Materials and Methods: Conducted in Turkey, this study explores the effects of religiosity on internalized sexism and sexual attitudes among late-adolescent women. The sample consists of 670 women aged 18-25 years.
Results: Religiosity directly influences sexual attitudes and internalized sexism in late-adolescent women. Moreover, internalized sexism plays a mediating role in the relationship between religiosity and sexual attitudes.
Conclusion: Appropriately interpreting religious knowledge acquired from reliable sources positively influences adolescent women's attitudes toward sexism and sexuality. In this context, multidisciplinary collaborations among healthcare professionals are assumed to have a protective effect against risky sexual behaviors.
Etik Beyan
Ethics committee approval for our study was received from Erciyes University, Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee (Approval No:473/Date:28.12.2021). All procedures were utilized in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Destekleyen Kurum
No sponsorship or funding from agencies in the commercial sectors were received for this research.
Teşekkür
No sponsorship or funding from agencies in the commercial sectors were received for this research.
Kaynakça
- World Health Organization (WHO). Promoting the health of young people in custody. Available at: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/107532/WHO-EURO-2003-8528-48300-71717-eng.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y. Published, 2003.Accessed 08 March, 2022.
- Pawlowski W, Hamilton G. Talking to your adolescent about STDs, HIV, & Sex. Stages of Adolescent Development. Available at: http://www.proyectoideas.jsi.com/Docs/OCC%20Notes%20Feb.%202008.pdf. Published, 2008.Accessed 08 March, 2022.
- Arnett JJ. Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist. 2000:55(5):469–480. doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469
- Dilbaz N. Risk of substance use and protection from substance addiction, 1st Edition, TR Ministry of Family and Social Policies, General Directorate of Family and Community Services, Ankara. 2013:19-45.
- World Health Organization (WHO) (2017). Sexual and reproductive health. [Cited 22 March 2023]. Available from: http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/sexual_health/sh_definitions/en/
- Abay KC. A research on 'religious development in adolescence' literature (1963-2020) in Turkish psychology of religion studies. Turkish Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 2020:2:161-220. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1381587
- Akbaş E, Yiğitoğlu G. Psychosocial problems in adolescence. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches. 2021:18(43):7277-7299. doi.org/10.26466/opus.906824
- Turkish Statistical Institute. Youth with statistics, 2020. Available at: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Genclik-2020-37242. Published, 2020.Accessed 09 March, 2022.
- United Nations Population Fund. World population indicator 2020. Available at: https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population-dashboard. Published, 2020.Accessed 09 March, 2022.
- Zuckerman P. Introduction to the sociology of religion. Trans: İhsan Çapçıoğlu, Halil Aydınalp, Istanbul: United Bookstore, 2020:52.
- Çiğdem R. The approach of Islam to sexual life. Journal of Islamic Law Studies. 2016:28:117-135.
- Orenstein GA, Lewis L. Eriksons stages of psychosocial development. 2020. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556096/. Published, 2020.Accessed 08 March, 2022.
- Kogan I, Weißmann M. Religion and sexuality: Between-and within-individual differences in attitudes to pre-marital cohabitation among adolescents in four European countries. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2020:46(17):3630- 3354. doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2019.1620416
- Longest KC, Uecker JE. Moral communities and sex: The religious ınfluence on young adult sexual behavior and regret. Sociological Perspectives. 2018:61(3):361-382. doi.org/10.1177/0731121417730015
- Somefun OD. Religiosity and sexual abstinence among Nigerian youths: Does parent religion matter?. BMC Public Health. 2019:19:416. doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6732-2
- Taggart T, Gottfredson N, Powell W, et al. The role of religious socialization and religiosity in african american and caribbean black adolescents' sexual ınitiation. Journal of Religion and Health. 2018:57(5):1889–1904. doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-0605-3
- Miller L, Gur M. Religiousness and sexual responsibility in adolescent girls. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2002:31(5):401-406. doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00403-2
- Erdoğan HNÖ. Relıgıous and social development of adolescence. Abant İzzet Baysal University Journal of Social Sciences Institute. 2014:14(1):153-166.
- Şimşek H. Effects of gender ınequalıtıes on women’s reproductıve health: The case of Türkiye. Journal of Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, 2011:25(2):119-126. https://tip.deu.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/10_h_simsek-cinsiyet-esitsizligi_11-126.pdf
- Değer VB, Balcı E. Reproductive health, sexuality and ımportance of sex education in adolescence. Turkish Studies (Electronics). 2018:13(4):1423-1448.
- Kansu ÇH, Özel Ş, Engin ÜY. Sexual and reproductive health in adolescents. Journal of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Neonatology Medicine. 2018:15(4):184-188. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jgon/issue/51868/675186
- Komut S. Women, sexuality and abortion in Türkiye. Journal of Social and Human Sciences. 2011:3(1):87-95. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/117256
- David, E.J.R. (Ed.). Internalized oppression: The psychology of marginalized groups. New York, NY: Springer. 2014:1-30.
- Bearman S, Amrhein M. Girls, women, and internalized sexism. Internalized Oppression: The Psychology of Marginalized Groups, EJR David, ed. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company. 2014:191-225.
- Kaval M. The problem of women's value in divine religions. Academic Perspective International Refereed Journal of Social Sciences. 2016:55:306-324.
- Pheterson G. Alliances between women: Overcoming internalized oppression and internalized domination. In L. Albrecht & R. Brewer (Eds.), Bridges of power: Women’s multicultural alliances. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers. 1990:34-48.
- Register JD, Katrevich, AV, Aruguete MS, Edman JL. Effects of self-objectification on self-reported eating pathology and depression. The American Journal of Psychology. 2015:128(1):107-113. doi.org/10.5406/amerjpsyc.128.1.0107
- Szymanski DM, Ikizler AS, Dunn TL. Sexual minority women’s relationship quality: Examining the roles of multiple oppressions and silencing the self. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity. 2016:3(1):1–10. doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000145
- Impett EA, Schooler D, Tolman DL. To be seen and not heard: femininity ideology and adolescent girls' sexual health. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2006:35(2):131-44. doi.org/ 10.1007/s10508-005-9016-0
- Yağcı F, Gurbuz MD, Sezgin E. Investigation of the relationship between adolescent children's attitudes towards sex education and their parents' perceptions of gender. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences. 2021:23(4):1211-1225. doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.889239
- Yağan Güder S, Alabay E. Children’s questions and answers of parents: sexual education dilemma. International Journal of Progressive Education. 2018:14(6):138–151. doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2018.179.11
- Fennell R, Grant B. Discussing sexuality in health care: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2019:28(17-18):3065-3076. doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14900
- İlkkaracan P. Women and sexuality in muslim societies. Güney T (Edt). Communication Publications, İstanbul. 2018:11-21.
- Gürbüz S, Şahin F. Research Methods in Social Sciences: Philosophy-Methods-Analysis. (Exploratory Factor Analysis and Reliability Analysis.). Ankara, Seçkin Publishing, 2018.
- Karaçam Ö, Totan T, Korkmaz YB, Koyuncu M. Turkish adaptation of the Hendrick Brief Sexual Attitudes Scale, validity and reliability study. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry. 2012:13:138-144.
- Ayten A, Hussain AM. The Relationship between religiosity, environmental orientation and environmental behaviors: An empirical study with turkish and british muslim samples. Journal of Marmara University Faculty of Theology. 2017:53(2017):27-44. doi.org/10.15370/maruifd.405066
- Bozkur B. Developing internalized sexism scale for women: A validity and reliability study. International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture. 2020:11:1981-2028. doi.org/10.35826/ijoecc.289
- Kim HY. Statistical notes for clinical researchers: Assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restor Dent Endod. 2013;38:52–4. doi: 10.5395/rde.2013.38.1.52.
- Doğan S, Küçükgöncü S. Sexuality studies from past to present. Neuropsychiatry Archive. 2009:46(3):102-109.
- Maynard RA. Kids having kids: Economic costs and social consequences of teen pregnancy. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press. 1997.
- Cueto S, Leon J. Early sexual initiation among adolescents: A longitudinal analysis for 15-year-olds in Peru. Interamerican Journal of Psychology. 2016:50(2):186-203. doi.org/10.30849/rip/ijp.v50i2.2
- Merghati KE, Whelan A, Cohen J. Sharing beliefs: what sexuality means to Muslim Iranian women living in Australia. Culture, Health & Sexuality. 2008:10(3):237-248. doi.org/10.1080/13691050701740039.
- Mir-hosseini Z. The construction of gender in Islamic legal theory. 2006. Available at: https://www.sistersinislam.org. Published, 2006. Accessed 25 Febr 2022.
- Sucu A. Women's religiosity and its social consequences from a sexist perspective. Women on the Threshold of the 21st Century, International Multidisciplinary Women's Congress, 2010:7-13.
- Baseri A. Research about comparison violence and respect to woman divine religions (Juadism, Christianity, Islam). Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University Journal of Social and Economic Research. 2014:(3):123-127. doi.org/10.18493/kmusekad.03014
- Anık Y, Ege E. Nursing approach in early marriages and adolescent pregnancies. Celebioglu, A. (Edt). Adolescent Health and Nursing Approaches. 1st Edition. Ankara: Türkiye Clinics; 2019:46-55.