Yasal Psikoaktif Maddelerin Suistimalinde Güncel Durum: Mesleki Eğilim Yönünden Bir Bakış

Öz

Madde bağımlılığı ve suistimali, günümüzde önemli bir halk sağlığı sorununu teşkil etmekte ve çeşitli meslek gruplarına özgü risk dinamikleriyle karmaşık bir boyut kazanmaktadır. Reçeteli ilaçların terapötik endikasyonların ötesinde giderek daha sık kullanılmaya başlandığı bildirilmektedir. Mesleğe özgü kalıpları ve motivasyonları anlamak, etkili önleme ve politika geliştirme için çok önemlidir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, meslek gruplarına özgü madde istismar eğilimleri ve risk faktörleri de dikkate alınarak, reçeteli ilaç suistimalinde güncel durumun araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Sistematik derleme şeklinde yapılandırılan bu çalışmada, PubMed veritabanı kullanılarak reçeteli ilaçların suistimali, psikoaktif maddeler ve mesleki risk ile ilgili önceden tanımlanmış anahtar kelimeler (“prescription drug misuse”, “prescription drug abuse”, “occupational risk”, “legal drugs”, “prescription medication”, “workplace drug use” ve “occupational substance abuse”) kullanılarak 2015 ile 2025 yılları arasında yayınlanan çalışmalar taranmıştır. Toplam 411 literatür arasından belirlenen dahil edilme kriterlerine göre 25 çalışma incelenmiş ve ayrıntılı ele alınmıştır. İncelenen çalışmalar, sağlık çalışanları, tıp eğitimi gören öğrenciler, ulaşım sektöründe çalışanlar, güvenlik ile ilgili meslekler ve diğer meslekler şeklinde kategorize edilmiştir. Benzodiazepinler, opioid analjezikler, reçeteli uyarıcılar ve sedatif-hipnotikler en sık suistimal edilen ilaç grupları olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Suistimal sebepleri arasında stres azaltma, yorgunluk ve zaman yönetimi, performans artırma, fiziksel veya psikolojik semptomların kendi kendine tedavisinin yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmaların bazıları, reçeteli ilaçların suistimali ile eşzamanlı alkol veya yasa dışı madde kullanımını da bildirmiştir. Reçeteli ilaç suistimali, araştırılan diğer meslek gruplarına kıyasla sağlık meslek grubunda daha yaygın olarak görülmekte ve suistimal sebepleri mesleki faktörlerden güçlü bir şekilde etkilenmektedir. Bu bulgular, iş gücünde tıbbi olmayan ilaç kullanımıyla ilişkili riskleri azaltmak için hedefe yönelik iş sağlığı müdahalelerinin, reçete izlemenin iyileştirilmesinin ve farkındalığın artırılmasının gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psikotrop madde
• Mesleki suistimal
• Bağımlılık
• Reçeteli ilaçların kötüye kullanımı

Current Situation in the Abuse of Legal Psychoactive Substances: A Perspective on Professional Trends

Öz

Substance dependence and misuse constitute a significant public health problem today and gain additional complexity due to risk dynamics specific to different occupational groups. Prescription drugs have increasingly been used beyond their therapeutic indications. Understanding occupation-specific patterns and motivations is crucial for effective prevention and policy development. This review study aims to investigate the current situation of prescription drug misuse while considering occupation-specific substance misuse tendencies and risk factors. Using the PubMed literature database, studies published between 2015 and 2025 were searched using predefined keywords (‘prescription drug misuse’, ‘prescription drug abuse’, ‘occupational risk’, ‘legal drugs’, ‘prescription medication’, ‘workplace drug use’, ‘occupational substance abuse’). Among 411 studies identified according to the defined criteria, 25 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. The reviewed studies were categorized into healthcare professionals, medical students, transportation sector workers, security- related professions, and other occupational groups. Benzodiazepines, opioid analgesics, prescription stimulants, and sedative-hypnotics emerged as the most commonly misused drug groups. Reasons for misuse included stress reduction, fatigue management, performance enhancement, and self-treatment of physical or psychological symptoms. Some studies also reported concurrent use of alcohol or illicit substances alongside prescription drug misuse. Prescription drug misuse appears to be more prevalent among healthcare professionals compared with other occupational groups examined, and the reasons for misuse are strongly influenced by occupational factors. These findings highlight the need for targeted occupational health interventions, improved prescription monitoring, and increased awareness to reduce risks associated with non-medical drug use in the workforce.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Addiction
• Occupational misuse
• Psychotropic substance
• Prescription drug abuse

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