Retrospective Evaluation of Radiological Findings in Patients with Oral Malignancy

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 288 - 295, 20.05.2024

Ceyda Gizem Topal , Gülsün Akay , Özlem Üçok , İpek Atak Seçen

https://doi.org/10.54617/adoklinikbilimler.1367203

Öz

Aim: Oral cancer ranks among the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Imaging methods play a vital role in assessing patients. This study aimed to evaluate the age, sex, and localization distribution as well as panoramic and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image findings in patients with
oral malignancy with bone involvement.
Materials and Method: Patients who were histopathologically diagnosed with malignant oral lesions at Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology between 2009 and 2023 were reviewed. Patients with oral malignancies whose panoramic images or CBCT images were available in the radiology archive were included in this study. Age-sex distribution was recorded. Localization of lesions and radiological features such as internal structures, borders, and effects on surrounding tissues were evaluated.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 58.2 years; nine of them were female and thirteen were male. The incidence of malignancies included in this study was higher in men than in women, and the mandible/maxilla ratio was equal. The most common primary tumor was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n=12). SCC lesions caused destruction in the cortical borders of neighboring structures in the region where they were located and showed the potential to spread toward these regions. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was observed as an unilocular radiolucent lesion with clear borders, and it was determined that it destroyed the cortical bone.
Conclusion: Panoramic radiography and CBCT images are valuable imaging methods in the evaluation of bone involvement of oral malignancies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cone beam computed tomography, oral cancer, panoramic radiography, squamous cell carcinoma

Oral Maligniteye Sahip Hastaların Radyolojik Bulgularının Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Ağız kanseri dünyada en sık görülen kanserlerden biridir. Hastaların değerlendirilmesinde görüntüleme yöntemleri önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada kemik tutulumu olan oral maligniteli hastalarda yaş, cinsiyet ve lokalizasyon dağılımının yanı sıra panoramik ve konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) görüntü bulgularının değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Gazi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Oral Patoloji Anabilim Dalı arşivinden 2009-2023 yılları arasında histopatolojik olarak malignite tanısı alan hastalar incelendi. Bu çalışmaya panoramik görüntüleri veya KIBT görüntüleri radyoloji arşivine kayıtlı oral maligniteli hastalar dahil edildi. Yaş-cinsiyet dağılımı kaydedildi. Lezyonların lokalizasyonu ve iç yapıları, sınırları, çevre dokulara etkileri gibi radyolojik özellikleri değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 58.2 olup 9’u kadın, 13’ü erkekti. Bu çalışmaya dahil edilen malignitelerin erkeklerde görülme oranı kadınlara göre daha yüksekti ve mandibula/maksilla oranı eşitti. En sık görülen primer tümör skuamöz hücreli karsinomdu (SHK) (n=12). SHK lezyonları bulundukları bölgedeki komşu yapıların kortikal sınırlarında yıkıma neden olmuş ve bu bölgelere doğru yayılma potansiyeli göstermiştir. Mukoepidermoid karsinom uniloküler, radyolusent, sınırları belirgin bir lezyon olarak izlendi ve kortikal kemiği tahrip ettiği belirlendi.
Sonuç: Panoramik radyografi ve KIBT görüntüleri oral malignitelerin kemik tutulumlarının değerlendirilmesinde değerli görüntüleme yöntemleridir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ağız kanseri, konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi, panoramik radyografi, skuamöz hücreli karsinom

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma 04.02.2020 tarihinde Gazi Üniversitesi Etik Kurulunun 91610558-604.01.02 numaralı onayı ile yapılmıştır.

Kaynakça

• Patel RS, Clark JR, Dirven R, Wyten R, Gao K, O’Brien CJ. Prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of patients with oral carcinoma. ANZ J Surg 2009;79:19-22.
• Jiang X, Wu J, Wang J, Huang R. Tobacco and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A review of carcinogenic pathways. Tob Induc Dis 2019;17:29.
• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin 2019;69:7-34.
• Arya S, Rane P, Deshmukh A. Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: role of pretreatment imaging and its influence on management. Clin Radiol 2014;69:916-30.
• Dhanuthai K, Rojanawatsirivej S, Thosaporn W, Kintarak S, Subarnbhesaj A, Darling M, et al. Oral cancer: A multicenter study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2018;23:e23-e29.
• Nishimura Y, Yakata H, Kawasaki T, Nakajima T. Metastatic tumours of the mouth and jaws. A review of the Japanese literature. J Maxillofac Surg 1982;10:253-8.
• Hirshberg A, Leibovich P, Buchner A. Metastatic tumors to the jawbones: analysis of 390 cases. J Oral Pathol Med 1994;23:337-41.
• Rivera C. Essentials of oral cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015;8:11884-94.
• Kumar G, Manjunatha B. Metastatic tumors to the jaws and oral cavity. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2013;17:71-5.
• Sagheb K, Blatt S, Rahimi-Nedjat RK, Eigenbrodt S, Al-Nawas B, Walter C. Cervical metastases behavior of T1-2 squamous cell cancer of the oral mucosa. Clin Oral Investig 2017;21:931-5.
• Hendrikx AW, Maal T, Dieleman F, Van Cann EM, Merkx MA. Cone-beam CT in the assessment of mandibular invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma: results of the preliminary study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;39:436-9.
• Linz C, Muller-Richter UD, Kircher S, Lapa C, Bluemel C. Value of FDG PET/CT in staging of oral cancer: four simultaneous primary malignancies. Clin Nucl Med 2015;40:455-7.
• Qiao X, Liu W, Cao Y, Miao C, Yang W, Su N, et al. Performance of different imaging techniques in the diagnosis of head and neck cancer mandibular invasion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2018;86:150-64.
• Mallya S, Lam E. White and Pharoah's oral radiology: principles and interpretation: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2018.
• Kolk A, Schuster T, Chlebowski A, Lange P, Scheidhauer K, Kesting M, et al. Combined SPECT/CT improves detection of initial bone invasion and determination of resection margins in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck compared to conventional imaging modalities. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014;41:1363-74.
• Bouhir S, Mortuaire G, Dubrulle-Berthelot F, Leroy X, Deken-Delannoy V, Rysman B, et al. Radiological assessment of mandibular invasion in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2019;136:361-6.
• Rao LP, Das SR, Mathews A, Naik BR, Chacko E, Pandey M. Mandibular invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma: investigation by clinical examination and orthopantomogram. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;33:454-7.
• Shah PH, Venkatesh R, More CB, Vassandacoumara V. A retrospective radiographic analysis of osseous changes in oral malignancy. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2016;28:236-41.
• Marocchio LS, Lima J, Sperandio FF, Correa L, de Sousa SO. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: an analysis of 1,564 cases showing advances in early detection. J Oral Sci 2010;52:267-73.
• D'Silva NJ, Summerlin D-J, Cordell KG, Abdelsayed RA, Tomich CE, Hanks CT, et al. Metastatic tumors in the jaws: a retrospective study of 114 cases. J Am Dent Assoc 2006;137:1667-72.
• Seoane J, Van der Waal I, Van der Waal RI, Cameselle-Teijeiro J, Anton I, Tardio A, et al. Metastatic tumours to the oral cavity: a survival study with a special focus on gingival metastases. J Clin Periodontol 2009;36:488-92.
• van der Waal RI, Buter J, van der Waal I. Oral metastases: report of 24 cases. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003;41:3-6.
• Hirshberg A, Shnaiderman-Shapiro A, Kaplan I, Berger R. Metastatic tumours to the oral cavity–pathogenesis and analysis of 673 cases. Oral Oncol 2008;44:743-52.
• Slieker FJB, Van Gemert JTM, Seydani MG, Farsai S, Breimer GE, Forouzanfar T, et al. Value of cone beam computed tomography for detecting bone invasion in squamous cell carcinoma of the maxilla. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022;134:102-9.
• Bell D, Lewis C, El-Naggar AK, Weber RS. Primary intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the jaw: Reappraisal of The MD Anderson Cancer Center experience. Head Neck 2016;38 Suppl 1:E1312-7.
• Eversole LR, Sabes WR, Rovin S. Aggressive growth and neoplastic potential of odontogenic cysts: with special reference to central epidermoid and mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Cancer 1975;35:270-82.
• Weber AL, Bui C, Kaneda T. Malignant tumors of the mandible and maxilla. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2003;13:509-24.
• Manoharan M, Othman NH, Samsudin A. Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma of minor salivary gland: case report. Brazilian Dent J 2002;13:66-70.
• Sun Z-J, Zhao Y-F, Zhang L, Zhang W-F, Chen X-M, He S-g. Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma in minor salivary glands of maxillary tuberosity. Oral Oncology Extra 2005;41:306-10.