İşgücü Piyasaları Bağlamında Endüstri 4.0 Kavramına İlişkin Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Metaforik Görüşleri

Öz

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, işgücü piyasaları bağlamında Endüstri 4.0 kavramına ilişkin üniversite öğrencilerinin sahip oldukları görüşleri, metaforlar aracılığıyla analiz etmektir. Araştırma; nitel araştırma metodolojisine uygun olarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma alanı, Atatürk Üniversitesi’dir. Katılımcılar, kriter örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. İşgücü piyasana yönelik müfredata sahip ve yakın zamanda işgücü piyasasına katılacak olmaları nedeniyle Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri Bölümü öğrencilerinden dördüncü sınıflar, çalışmanın katılımcıları olarak belirlenmiştir. Katılımcılara metaforlar oluşturmaları için, “Bana göre Endüstri 4.0 işgücü piyasası için …………… gibidir, çünkü……………” ifadesinin yazılı bulunduğu formlar çevrimiçi ortamda gönderilmiş ve boşlukları doldurmaları istenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda 33 geçerli metafor oluşturulmuş ve bu metaforlar 3 farklı kategori altında toplanmıştır. Buna göre, üniversite öğrencileri; Endüstri 4.0 kavramını işgücü piyasaları bağlamında bir fırsat, tehdit ve belirsizlik olarak algılamaktadır. Temalar, cinsiyetlere göre ayrıca değerlendirilerek, kadın öğrenciler özelinde incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak öğrencilerin, Endüstri 4.0 ile ilgili fırsatlar ve tehditler bakımından tutarlı görüşlere sahip olduğu ancak yeterli düzeyde farkındalık geliştirmedikleri belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Endüstri 4.0
• işgücü piyasaları
• metafor
• eğitim

The Metaphoric Opinions of University Students in The Context of Labor Markets Regarding The Concept of Industry 4.0

Öz

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the opinions of university students regarding the concept of Industry 4.0 in the context of labor markets by using metaphors. The research was designed in the qualitative research methodology. Participants were determined using the criterion sampling method. Fourth-grade students in the Department of Labor Economics and Industrial Relations were participants of the research. To create metaphors, they were sent semi-structured forms online and they were asked to fill in the blanks “I think, Industry 4.0 is like …………… for the labor market, because ……………”. At the end of the research, 33 metaphors were produced and these metaphors were collected in three different categories. Accordingly, university students perceive the Industry 4.0 concept as an opportunity, threat, and uncertainty in the context of labor markets. The themes were evaluated with genders and examined in particular for female students. As a result, students have consistent opinions but; have not a sufficient level of awareness, about Industry 4.0.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Industry 4.0
• labor market
• metaphor
• education

Kaynakça

1. ACEMOGLU, D., & RESTREPO, P. (2020). Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor Markets. Journal of Political Economy, 128(6), 2188-2244.
2. ARNTZ, M., GREGORY, T., & ZIERAHN, U. (2016). The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries: A Comparative Analysis. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 189. Paris: OECD Publishing.
3. AUTOR D.H., & DORN, D. (2013). The growth of low-skill service jobs and the polarization of the US labor market. The American Economic Review, 103(5), 1553–1597.
4. AUTOR, D. (2015). Why are there still so many jobs: The history and future of workplace automation. Journal of Economic Literature, 29(3), 3–30.
5. AUTOR, D., & SALOMONS, A. (2018). Is Automation Labor ShareDisplacing? Productivity Growth, Employment, and the Labor Share. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1-87.
6. BAUER, W., HÄMMERLE, M., SCHLUND, S., & VOCKE, C. (2015). Transforming to a hyper-connected society and economy – towards an “industry 4.0”. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 417-424.
7. BIRKEL, H.S., VEILE, J.W., MULLER, J.M., HARTMANN, E., & VOIGT, K.I. (2019). Development of a risk framework for Industry 4.0 in the context of sustainability for established manufacturers. Sustainability, 11(2), 1-27.
8. DEMING, D. J. (2017). The growing importance of social skills in the labour market. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 132(4), 1593–1640.

9. DOWNE-WAMBOLT, B. (1992). Content analysis: method, applications and issues. Health Care for Women International, 13, 313-321.
10. EAGLETON, T. (1983). Literary theory: An introduction. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
11. FESSAKIS, G., GOULI, E., & MAVROUDI, E. (2013). Problem solving by 5-6 year old kindergarten children in a computer programming environment: A case study. Computers & Education, 63, 87-97.
12. FREDDI, D. (2018). Digitalisation and employment in manufacturing. AI & Soc, 33, 393–403.
13. FREY, C.B., & OSBORNE, M.A. (2017). The future of employment: how susceptible are jobs to computerisation?. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 254-280.
14. FUJIWARA, I. & ZHU, F. (2020). Robots and Labour: Implications for Inflation Dynamics. In Bank for International Settlements (Eds.), Inflation dynamics in Asia and the Pacific (pp. 41-49). Basel, Switzerland: Monetary and Economic Department, ISBN 978-92-9259-342-1.
15. GABRIEL, M., & PESSL, E. (2016). Industry 4.0 and sustainability impacts: critical discussion of sustainability aspects with a special focus on future of work and ecological consequences. International Journal of Engineering, 14, 131-136.
16. GRAETZ, G., & MICHAELS G., (2018). Robots at work. Review of Economics and Statistics. 100(5), 753-768.
17. LAKOFF, G., & JOHNSON, M. (1980). Metaphors we live. Chicago: University Press.
18. LASI, H., FETTKE, P., KEMPER, H.G., FELD, T., & HOFFMANN, M. (2014). Industry 4.0. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 6, 239-242.
19. MANYIKA, J., CHUI M., BUGHIN, J., DOBBS, R., BISSON, P., & MARRS, A. (2013). Disruptive technologies: advances that will transform life, business, and the global economy. San Francisco: McKinsey Global Institute.
20. MOKYR, J., VICKERS, C. & ZIEBARTH, N. (2015). The History of Technological Anxiety and the Future of Economic Growth: Is this Time Different?. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(3), 31-50.
21. PATTON, M. Q. (2001). Qualitative research and evaluation and methods (3rd ed.). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
22. PEETZ, D., & MURRAY, G. (2017). Women, Labor Segmentation and Regulation: Varieties of Gender Gaps. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
23. PIANTA, M. (2018). Technology and employment: Twelve stylized facts for the digital age. The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 61(2), 189–225.
24. RICHERT, A., SHEHADEH, M., PLUMANNS, L., GROß, K., SCHUSTER, K., & JESCHKE, S. (2016, April). Educating Engineers for Industry 4.0: Virtual Worlds and Human-Robot-Teams: Empirical studies towards a new educational age. 2016 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 142- 149, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
25. SCHWAB, K. (2016). “The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means, how to respond”, World Economic Forum, [Weblog post]. Retrieved from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond/, 10.01.2021.
26. SCHMITT, R. (2000). Notes Towards the Analysis of Metaphor. Qualitative Research: National, Disciplinary, Methodical and Empirical Examples, 1(1).
27. SCHUMACHER, A., EROL, S., & SIHN, W. (2016). A maturity model for assessing industry 4.0 readiness and maturity of manufacturing enterprises. Procedia CIRP, 52, 161-166.
28. OESTERREICH, T. & TEUTEBERG, F. (2016). Understanding the implications of digitisation and automation in the context of Industry 4.0: A triangulation approach and elements of a research agenda for the construction industry. Computers in Industry, 83, 121-139.
29. TEHERANI, A., MARTIMIANAKIS, T., STENFORS-HAYES, T., WADHWA, A., & VARPIO, L. (2015). Choosing a qualitative research approach. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 7, 669–70.
30. THOBEN, S., WIESNER, A., & WUEST, T. (2017). Industrie 4.0 and smart manufacturing - a review of research issues and application examples. International Journal of Automation Technology, 11(1), 1-12.
31. VIEIRA ALVES, A. P. S. (2020). Achieving the right to work in the face of technological advances: Reflections on the occasion of the ilo's centenary, Bologna Law Review, 5(1), 226-233.
32. WEF (World Economic Forum). (2016). The future of jobs: Employment, skills and workforce strategy for the fourth industrial revolution. Geneva: World Economic Forum.