Farklı Yeşil Alan Oranlarının Dış Mekân Termal Konfora Etkisinin Envi-Met Analizi ile Belirlenmesi: Erzurum Örneği

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 1, 17 - 23, 30.06.2024

Başak Ertem Mutlu , Sevgi Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.25308/aduziraat.1315173

Öz

İklim değişikliğinin olumsuz etkilerinin daha da arttığı günümüzde bir kış kenti olan Erzurum için farklı yeşil alan oranlarının mikro-iklime ve dış mekân termal konforuna etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma alanı olarak Erzurum kentinin yeni yerleşim yerlerinden Yıldızkent semti belirlenmiştir. Alanda mikro-iklim verileri Davis Vantage Pro-2 iklim cihazı ile bir yıl süre ile saatlik olarak ölçülmüştür. Yıldızkent imar planı içindeki bu alanda 5 farklı oranda yeşil alan miktarını artırma senaryoları oluşturulmuştur. Bunlar; %10, %20, %30, %40 ve %50 yeşil alan oranını içermektedir. Mevcut durum ile toplamda 6 farklı senaryonun simülasyonu 2021 yılının en sıcak (yaz ayı) ve en soğuk (kış ayı) zaman dilimi için ENVI-met BIO+Science programı ile dış mekân termal konforu modellenmiştir. Yeşil alan senaryolarından hava sıcaklığı, bağıl nem ve rüzgâr hızı verileri tüm senaryolarda mevcut duruma göre farklılık göstermezken, ortalama radyan sıcaklık (Tmrt)’da %10 yeşil alan oranı senaryosu ve fizyolojik eşdeğer sıcaklık (FES)’da ise %30 yeşil alan oranı senaryosu hem kış hem de yaz aylarında olumlu sonuçlar vermiştir. %10 yeşil alan oranında Tmrt kış ayı için mevcut duruma göre 0.2 ℃ artmış, yaz ayı için de ortalama 0.2 ℃ düşmüştür. FES analizlerinde ise, kış ayı tüm senaryoları benzer sonuçlar verirken, yaz ayında %30 yeşil alan oranında FES mevcut duruma göre 0.3 ℃ azalmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda yeşil alan oranının artırılmasının mikro-iklim üzerinde pozitif katkı sağladığı ve dış mekân termal konforunda farklılıklar getirdiği belirlenmiştir. Ancak bu tip çalışmalarda sağlıklı sonuç elde edebilmek için mikro-iklim özelliği farklı olan her bir alan için ayrı ayrı simülasyon analizlerinin yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları mahalle ölçeğinde yapılacak çalışmalara yön gösterecek olup, peyzaj tasarımlarında %30 oranında yeşil alan yapılması iklim açısından olumlu sonuçlar vermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

FES, dış mekan termal konfor, ENVI-met, yeşil alan oranları

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

119O479

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma Başak ERTEM MUTLU'nun 794478 tez numaralı doktora tezinden üretilmiştir. Yazarlar, verilerini ücretsiz olarak paylaşan “Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) 'na, 119O479 Proje No'lu TÜBİTAK 1001-TOVAG'a ve Devlet Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü'ne (MGM) özel teşekkürlerini sunarlar.

Determining the Effect of Different Green Area Ratios on Outdoor Thermal Comfort By Envi-Met Analysis: The Example of Erzurum

Öz

Climate change has been intensifying its adverse effects, especially in today's world, prompting an examination of the impact of varying green space ratios on microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort for Erzurum, a winter city. The study area was determined as the Yıldızkent district, one of the new settlements in the city of Erzurum. Microclimate data in te area were measured hourly for one year using the Davis Vantage Pro-2 weather station. Within the Yıldızkent zoning plan, five scenarios were created to increase the green space ratio, namely 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Simulations for a total of six scenarios, including the existing situation, were modeled for the outdoor thermal comfort using the ENVI-met BIO+Science program for the hottest (summer) and coldest (winter) periods of 2021. While temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed did not differ across scenarios in the green space scenarios, the simulations indicated positive results for both winter and summer in terms of mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) in the 10% green space ratio scenario and physiological equivalent temperature (PET) in the 30% green space ratio scenario. For the 10% green space ratio, Tmrt increased by 0.2 ℃ in winter and decreased by an average of 0.2 ℃ in summer compared to the existing situation. In PET analyses, while winter showed similar results for all scenarios, in summer, the 30% green space ratio resulted in a 0.3 ℃ decrease compared to the existing situation. The study concludes that increasing the green space ratio has a positive contribution to the microclimate and brings about differences in outdoor thermal comfort. However, for accurate results in such studies, simulation analyses for each area with different microclimate characteristics are necessary. The results of this study will guide neighborhood-scale research, and incorporating a 30% green space ratio in landscape designs yields positive climate-related outcomes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

PET, outdoor thermal comfort, ENVI-met, green area ratios

Proje Numarası

119O479

Kaynakça

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