Educational Objectives in Ottoman Military Lower Secondary Schools: A Cognitive Level Analysis Based on the Revised Bloom Taxonomy
Öz
The first seeds of modern education in the Ottoman Empire emerged in military technical schools due to the necessity of army reform. Because traditional schools were inadequate in preparing students for higher education, military middle schools were established on January 9, 1875. Renowned for discipline and modern curricula, these schools surpassed civilian counterparts and played a critical role in training the Republic’s founding generation, notably Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. This study presents a cognitive analysis of objectives in the 1905 military lower secondary schools curriculum using the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy (RBT). Through document analysis, 849 objectives were coded across RBT’s knowledge and cognitive process dimensions. Findings reveal that instructional objectives focused primarily on conceptual (56,90%) and procedural (32,86%) knowledge; understanding (53,00%) and application (19,32%) levels dominated cognitive processes. The complete absence of metacognitive knowledge and creation-level objectives indicates that the curriculum did not develop students’ self-regulation, strategic learning, and original production. Consequently, these schools effectively transmitted technical knowledge but remained limited in developing higher-order skills like analysis, evaluation, and creation. This study underscores the necessity of source-based comparative analyses to understand the historical impacts of educational policies and military pedagogy. Sharing this coding scheme enables future comparisons with programs from different years.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Altınova, A. (2010). Osmanlı modernleşmesinde rüşdiye mektepleri [Doctoral thesis, Gazi University Institute of Social Sciences]. Ankara.
- Aydın, M. (2014). II. Abdülhamid döneminde Manastır vilayetinde rüşdiye okullarının gelişimi. History Studies, 6(5), 51-84. https://www.historystudies.net/dergi/tar201512fbcbe.pdf
- Bekdemir, M. & Selim, Y. (2008). Revize edilmiş bloom taksonomisi ve cebir öğrenme alanı örneğinde uygulaması. Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 185-196. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/67433
- Beydilli, K. (2020a). Mühendishâne-i Bahrî-i Hümâyun. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (Vol. 31, pp. 513-514). Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı.
- Beydilli, K. (2020b). Mühendishâne-i Berrî-i Hümâyun. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (Vol. 31, pp. 515-516). Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı.
- Bilirli, T. (2021). Osmanlı Devleti’nde modern eğitim kurumlarından rüşdiye mektepleri; Çaycuma rüşdiye mektebi örneği. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(4), 3834-3852. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.978830
- Bümen, N. T. (2006). Program geliştirmede bir dönüm noktası: Yenilenmiş Bloom taksonomisi. Eğilim ve Bilim, 31(142), 3-14. https://scispace.com/pdf/program-gelistirmede-bir-donum-noktasi-yenilenmis-bloom-4kwqblvpf8.pdf
- Cücük, E. (2020). Osmanlı’da eğitimin modernleşmesi ve Ahmed Kemal Paşa: Biyografisi, eğitim politika ve uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Eğitimde Program Geliştirme, Eğitimin Felsefi ve Sosyal Temelleri
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Ayhan Doğan
0000-0002-3835-0124
Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi
30 Haziran 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
2 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi
19 Şubat 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1