Araştırma Makalesi

Educational Objectives in Ottoman Military Lower Secondary Schools: A Cognitive Level Analysis Based on the Revised Bloom Taxonomy

Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1 30 Haziran 2026
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Educational Objectives in Ottoman Military Lower Secondary Schools: A Cognitive Level Analysis Based on the Revised Bloom Taxonomy

Öz

The first seeds of modern education in the Ottoman Empire emerged in military technical schools due to the necessity of army reform. Because traditional schools were inadequate in preparing students for higher education, military middle schools were established on January 9, 1875. Renowned for discipline and modern curricula, these schools surpassed civilian counterparts and played a critical role in training the Republic’s founding generation, notably Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. This study presents a cognitive analysis of objectives in the 1905 military lower secondary schools curriculum using the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy (RBT). Through document analysis, 849 objectives were coded across RBT’s knowledge and cognitive process dimensions. Findings reveal that instructional objectives focused primarily on conceptual (56,90%) and procedural (32,86%) knowledge; understanding (53,00%) and application (19,32%) levels dominated cognitive processes. The complete absence of metacognitive knowledge and creation-level objectives indicates that the curriculum did not develop students’ self-regulation, strategic learning, and original production. Consequently, these schools effectively transmitted technical knowledge but remained limited in developing higher-order skills like analysis, evaluation, and creation. This study underscores the necessity of source-based comparative analyses to understand the historical impacts of educational policies and military pedagogy. Sharing this coding scheme enables future comparisons with programs from different years.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Altınova, A. (2010). Osmanlı modernleşmesinde rüşdiye mektepleri [Doctoral thesis, Gazi University Institute of Social Sciences]. Ankara.
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  4. Beydilli, K. (2020a). Mühendishâne-i Bahrî-i Hümâyun. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (Vol. 31, pp. 513-514). Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı.
  5. Beydilli, K. (2020b). Mühendishâne-i Berrî-i Hümâyun. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (Vol. 31, pp. 515-516). Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı.
  6. Bilirli, T. (2021). Osmanlı Devleti’nde modern eğitim kurumlarından rüşdiye mektepleri; Çaycuma rüşdiye mektebi örneği. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(4), 3834-3852. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.978830
  7. Bümen, N. T. (2006). Program geliştirmede bir dönüm noktası: Yenilenmiş Bloom taksonomisi. Eğilim ve Bilim, 31(142), 3-14. https://scispace.com/pdf/program-gelistirmede-bir-donum-noktasi-yenilenmis-bloom-4kwqblvpf8.pdf
  8. Cücük, E. (2020). Osmanlı’da eğitimin modernleşmesi ve Ahmed Kemal Paşa: Biyografisi, eğitim politika ve uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Eğitimde Program Geliştirme, Eğitimin Felsefi ve Sosyal Temelleri

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Haziran 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

2 Kasım 2025

Kabul Tarihi

19 Şubat 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Patoğlu, E. B., & Doğan, A. (2026). Educational Objectives in Ottoman Military Lower Secondary Schools: A Cognitive Level Analysis Based on the Revised Bloom Taxonomy. Adıyaman University Journal of Educational Sciences, 16(1), 277-301. https://doi.org/10.17984/adyuebd.1816025
AMA
1.Patoğlu EB, Doğan A. Educational Objectives in Ottoman Military Lower Secondary Schools: A Cognitive Level Analysis Based on the Revised Bloom Taxonomy. ADYUEBD. 2026;16(1):277-301. doi:10.17984/adyuebd.1816025
Chicago
Patoğlu, Emrah Berkant, ve Ayhan Doğan. 2026. “Educational Objectives in Ottoman Military Lower Secondary Schools: A Cognitive Level Analysis Based on the Revised Bloom Taxonomy”. Adıyaman University Journal of Educational Sciences 16 (1): 277-301. https://doi.org/10.17984/adyuebd.1816025.
EndNote
Patoğlu EB, Doğan A (01 Haziran 2026) Educational Objectives in Ottoman Military Lower Secondary Schools: A Cognitive Level Analysis Based on the Revised Bloom Taxonomy. Adıyaman University Journal of Educational Sciences 16 1 277–301.
IEEE
[1]E. B. Patoğlu ve A. Doğan, “Educational Objectives in Ottoman Military Lower Secondary Schools: A Cognitive Level Analysis Based on the Revised Bloom Taxonomy”, ADYUEBD, c. 16, sy 1, ss. 277–301, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.17984/adyuebd.1816025.
ISNAD
Patoğlu, Emrah Berkant - Doğan, Ayhan. “Educational Objectives in Ottoman Military Lower Secondary Schools: A Cognitive Level Analysis Based on the Revised Bloom Taxonomy”. Adıyaman University Journal of Educational Sciences 16/1 (01 Haziran 2026): 277-301. https://doi.org/10.17984/adyuebd.1816025.
JAMA
1.Patoğlu EB, Doğan A. Educational Objectives in Ottoman Military Lower Secondary Schools: A Cognitive Level Analysis Based on the Revised Bloom Taxonomy. ADYUEBD. 2026;16:277–301.
MLA
Patoğlu, Emrah Berkant, ve Ayhan Doğan. “Educational Objectives in Ottoman Military Lower Secondary Schools: A Cognitive Level Analysis Based on the Revised Bloom Taxonomy”. Adıyaman University Journal of Educational Sciences, c. 16, sy 1, Haziran 2026, ss. 277-01, doi:10.17984/adyuebd.1816025.
Vancouver
1.Emrah Berkant Patoğlu, Ayhan Doğan. Educational Objectives in Ottoman Military Lower Secondary Schools: A Cognitive Level Analysis Based on the Revised Bloom Taxonomy. ADYUEBD. 01 Haziran 2026;16(1):277-301. doi:10.17984/adyuebd.1816025

                                                                                             
 

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