TÜRK DEVLETLERİ TEŞKİLATINDA AİLE VE SOSYAL POLİTİKALAR: KURUMSAL UYUM

Öz

Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı (TDT), üye ülkeler arasında siyasi, ekonomik ve kültürel alanlarda bütünleşmeyi amaçlayan çok taraflı bir yapıdır. Son yıllarda sosyal politika, aile yapısı, kadın ve çocuk hakları gibi konular, teşkilatın kurumsal gündeminde daha görünür hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, TDT kapsamında aile ve sosyal politikalarda kurumsal uyum düzeyini incelemektedir. Üye ülkelerin Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlıkları düzeyinde gerçekleştirdiği iş birliği mekanizmaları, ortak deklarasyonlar ve bölgesel sosyal politika belgeleri analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca aile politikalarının kültürel diplomasi ve yumuşak güç unsuru olarak kullanımı da değerlendirilmektedir. Bulgular, üye devletler arasında aile politikalarına dair normatif bir yakınlaşmanın başladığını, ancak uygulamada kurumsal uyumun sınırlı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum, TDT’nin gelecekte sosyal politikaları daha bütüncül ve kurumsallaşmış bir çerçeveye oturtma potansiyeline işaret etmektedir. Çalışma, sosyal politikalarda bölgesel yönetişim, ortak norm üretimi ve kimlik inşası konularına katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı
• Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar
• Kurumsal Uyum

FAMILY AND SOCIAL POLICIES IN THE ORGANIZATION OF TURKIC STATES: INSTITUTIONAL ALIGNMENT

Öz

The Organization of Turkic States (OTS) is a multilateral platform aiming to foster political, economic, and cultural integration among its member states. In recent years, issues such as family structures, social policy, and the rights of women and children have become increasingly visible in the organization’s institutional agenda. This study examines the level of institutional alignment in family and social policies within the OTS framework. It analyzes cooperation mechanisms, joint declarations, and regional social policy documents developed through the meetings of member states’ Ministries of Family and Social Policy. The study also evaluates the role of family policies as tools of cultural diplomacy and soft power. Findings suggest that while a normative convergence in family-related policies is emerging, institutional alignment in practice remains limited. This indicates a growing potential for the OTS to institutionalize social policies within a more coherent and strategic framework. The study aims to contribute to discussions on regional governance, norm production, and identity building through the lens of social policy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Organization of Turkic States
• Family and Social Policies
• Institutional Alignment

Kaynakça

1. Acharya, A. (2007). The emerging regional architecture of world politics. In G. B. Sallay & W. Brown (Eds.), Globalizing regionalism and international relations (pp. 124–139). Bristol University Press.
2. Acharya, A. (2009). Whose ideas matter? Agency and power in Asian regionalism. Cornell University Press.
3. Anadolu Agency. (2023, December 29). Organization of Turkic States observes one of its most active years in 2023. Anadolu Agency. Retrieved June 30, 2025, from https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/organization-of-turkic-states-observes-one-of-its-most-active-years-in-2023/3095533
4. Aris, S. (2009). A New Model of Asian Regionalism: Does the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Have More Potential than ASEAN? Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 22(3), 451–467. https://doi.org/10.1080/09557570903104040
5. Astana Times. (2025, February 14). OTS Secretary General: 2025 Will Be Year of Deeper Integration Among Turkic States. The Astana Times. Retrieved July 4, 2025, from https://astanatimes.com/2025/02/ots chairman 2025 will be year of deeper integration among turkic states/
6. Barbieri, G. (2019). Regionalism, globalism and complexity: a stimulus towards global IR? Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal, 4(6), 424–441. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802014.2019.1685406
7. Barnett, M., & Finnemore, M. (2004). Rules for the world: International organizations in global politics. Cornell University Press.
8. Biermann, R. (2015). Designing Cooperation among International Organizations: The Quest for Autonomy, the Dual-Consensus Rule, and Cooperation Failure. JIOS, 6(2), 45-66. Retrieved July 4, 2025, from https://www.ir.uni-jena.de/polibamedia/1446/designing-cooperation-among-international-organizations.pdf

9. Börzel, T. A., & Risse, T. (2009). The transformative power of Europe? The European Union and the diffusion of norms. KFG Working Paper Series, No. 1. Berlin: Kolleg-Forschergruppe “The Transformative Power of Europe.” Retrieved July 2, 2025, from https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/115939/2009-Tranformative-Power-of-Europe.pdf
10. CEDAW. (1979). Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women. United Nations General Assembly. Retrieved August 13, 2025, from https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-elimination-all-forms-discrimination-against-women
11. Council of Europe. (2005). Concerted development of social cohesion indicators: Methodological guide. Directorate General of Social Cohesion, Council of Europe. Retrieved June 30, 2025, from https://book.coe.int/en/social-co-operation-in-europe/8203-concerted-development-of-social-cohesion-indicators-methodological-guide-book-cdrom.html
12. DOST Agency. (2024, October 31). The Turkic States Organization is intensively discussing the expansion of cooperation in labor and social protection among its member states. Retrieved July 2, 2025, from https://dost.gov.az/en/news/1100
13. Edney, K. (2015). Building national cohesion and domestic legitimacy: A regime security approach to soft power in China. Politics, 35(3–4), 259–272. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9256.12096
14. Finnemore, M., & Sikkink, K. (1998). International norm dynamics and political change. International Organization, 52(4), 887–917. https://doi.org/10.1162/002081898550789
15. Glušac, L. (2025). Norm Compliance and International Status: National Human Rights Institutions in Domestic and Global Politics. Politics and Governance, 13, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.8879
16. Hurrell, A. (2007). On global order: Power, values, and the constitution of international society. In R. A. W. Rhodes, S. A. Binder, & B. A. Rockman (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of political institutions (pp. 31–47). Oxford University Press.
17. Khalafov, K. (2024, March 6). OPINION – A global power: Organization of Turkic States. Anadolu Agency. Retrieved July 5, 2025, from https://www.aa.com.tr/en/analysis/opinion-a-global-power-organization-of-turkic-states/3156920
18. Knox, C. (2008). Kazakhstan: Modernizing government in the context of political inertia. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 74(3), 477–496. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852308095314
19. Kocaman, Ö. (2023). Shaping Eurasia’s future: The evolving role and impact of the Organization of Turkic States. Insight Turkey, 25(4), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2023254.4
20. Lenz, T., & Burilkov, A. (2016). Institutional pioneers in world politics: Regional institution building and the influence of the European Union. European Journal of International Relations, 23(3), 654-680. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066116674261
21. March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1989). Rediscovering institutions: The organizational basis of politics. Free Press.
22. Nye, J. S. (2004). Soft power: The means to success in world politics. PublicAffairs. Organization of Turkic States. (2024, May 16). OTS Social Policy Ministers had their first gathering. Retrieved July 3, 2025, from https://www.turkicstates.org/en/haberler/ots-social-policy-ministers-had-their-first-gathering_3297
23. Organization of Turkic States. (2025, June 12). 2nd Meeting of Ministers and Heads of Institutions in Charge of Family Affairs and Social Policy of OTS held in Baku. Retrieved July 3, 2025, from https://turkicstates.org/en/news/meeting-of-ministers-and-heads-of-institutions-in-charge-of-family-affairs-and-social-policy-of-ots-held-in-baku
24. Organization of Turkic States. (n.d.a). Areas of cooperation: Cooperation on Family and Social Policy Issues. Retrieved July 1, 2025, from https://www.turkicstates.org/en/areas-of-cooperation-detail/21-cooperation-on-family-and-social-policy-issues
25. Organization of Turkic States. (n.d.b). Organization chart. Retrieved July 6, 2025, from https://www.turkicstates.org/en/organization-chart
26. Organization of Turkic States. (n.d.c). Related / affiliated organizations. Retrieved July 2025, from https://turkicstates.org/en/iliskili-kurumlar
27. Orient. (2025, June 13). Turkic countries seek common ways to strengthen social protection and support for families. Orient. Retrieved July 2, 2025, from https://orient.tm/en/post/86426/turkic-countries-seek-common-ways-strengthen-social-protection-and-support-families
28. Paskaleva Shapira, K., Azorín, J., & Chiabai, A. (2008). Enhancing digital access to local cultural heritage through e governance: innovations in theory and practice from Genoa, Italy. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 21(4), 389–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610802568031
29. Pevehouse, J. C. (2002). Democracy from the outside in? International organizations and democratization. International Organization, 56(3), 515–549. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3078587
30. Rechel, B., & Moldoisaeva, S. (2021). Improving maternal and newborn health in Kyrgyzstan. The Lancet Global Health, 9(3), 237–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30511-8
31. Republic of Türkiye Directorate of Communications. (2025, January 13). It is our collective duty to protect and strengthen our family structure. Retrieved July 6, 2025, from https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/english/haberler/detay/it-is-our-collective-duty-to-protect-and-strengthen-our-family-structure
32. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (n.d.). Organization of Turkic States (OTS). Retrieved July 6, 2025, from https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turk-konseyi-en.en.mfa
33. Riggirozzi, P. (2017). Regional Integration and Welfare: Framing and Advocating Pro-Poor Norms through Southern Regionalisms. New Political Economy, 22(12), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2017.1311847 Schimmelfennig, F., & Sedelmeier, U. (2005). The Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe. Cornell University Press.
34. Sommerer, T., & Stetter, S. (2011). The socialization of international norms: Community building and symbolic repetition in European regional organizations. European Integration Online Papers, 13(12), 1–20. Retrieved July 2, 2025, from https://ecpr.eu/Filestore/PaperProposal/3ee5d5f9-1001-4581-8b25-4d412c07f6b7.pdf
35. Steffek, J. (2003). The Legitimation of International Governance: A Discourse Approach. European Journal of International Relations, 9(2), 249-275. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066103009002004
36. Trend Azerbaijan. (2025, June 12). Turkic States sign joint communiqué on family and social policy in Azerbaijan's Baku. Trend News Agency. Retrieved July 1, 2025, from https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/society/4055687.html
37. True, J. (2012). The political economy of violence against women. Oxford University Press.
38. UN Women. (2020). Progress of the world’s women 2019–2020: Families in a changing world. UN Women. Retrieved August 13, 2025, from https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Headquarters/Attachments/Sections/Library/Publications/2019/Progress-of-the-worlds-women-2019-2020-en.pdf
39. United Nations. (1995). Beijing declaration and platform for action. United Nations. Retrieved August 13, 2025, from https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/pdf/BDPfA%20E.pdf
40. Uzbek Embassy. (2021, May 10). Towards the stronger, better integrated and more united Turkic World. Retrieved July 2, 2025, from https://www.uzbekembassy.in/towards-the-stronger-better-integrated-and-more-united-turkic-world/
41. World Bank. (2025a). Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) (SP.ADO.TFRT) [Data set]. Retrieved August 13, 2025, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.ADO.TFRT
42. World Bank. (2025b). Gender Data Portal: Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS) [Data set]. Retrieved August 13, 2025, from https://genderdata.worldbank.org/
43. World Bank. (2025c). Under-5 mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) (SH.DYN.MORT) [Data set]. World Development Indicators DataBank. Retrieved August 13, 2025, from https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
44. Yenokyan, A. V. (2023). The importance of soft power in Türkiye’s foreign policy in 2002–2022. Vestnik RUDN. International Relations, 23(4), 609–619. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2023-23-4-609-619
45. Zamorano, M. M. (2016). Reframing cultural diplomacy: The instrumentalization of culture under the soft power theory. Culture Unbound, 1(2), 165-186. https://doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.1608165