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ADHOCISM IN CRISIS RESPONSE ARCHITECTURE: CASE STUDIES AND LESSONS LEARNED

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 48, 270 - 304, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1542206

Öz

The current review critically evaluates the concept of adhocism in crisis response architecture. This involves revisiting historical precedents and thoroughly examining case studies and examples to understand their effectiveness and limitations. Analyzing factual cases such as Hurricane Katrina, the Nepal Earthquake, and the COVID-19 pandemic helps the review illustrate the points on which smart strategies are based. Lessons learned encompass sustainability and long-term planning, coordination and communication, resourcefulness and innovation, as well as adaptability and flexibility in crisis response. The review emphasizes integrating crisis-led actions into established procedures to enhance the resilience and adaptability of future crisis solutions. This article questions how adhocracy operates within the crisis response architecture and its role in crisis management. It investigates how adhocism's adaptable approach diverges from the inflexible frameworks of conventional crisis response systems and how it adapts to the complexity and uncertainty of crises. It emphasizes that while traditional models are effective in routine emergencies, they fail to manage complex or evolving crises. Adhocism emerges as a promising, flexible, and resilient approach to tackle such uncertainties. Therefore, this research aims to elucidate how this adaptable strategy functions and to assess its role within the crisis response system.
In conclusion, the article highlights the limitations of traditional approaches and the flexibility of adhocism. It suggests embracing a more flexible, collaborative approach and integrating adhocism into standard practices for a more resilient crisis response system in the future.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Absi, M. A., Al-Absi, A. A., Sain, M., & Lee, H. (2021). Moving ad hoc networks—A comparative study. Sustainability, 13(11), 6187. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116187
  • Alexander, D. W., & Letovaltseva, T. (2023). Psychosocial workers and indigenous religious leaders: An integrated vision for collaboration in humanitarian crisis response. Religions, 14(6), 802. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14060802
  • Alexander, M., Unruh, L., Koval, A., & Belanger, W. (2022). United States response to the COVID-19 pandemic, January-November 2020. Health Economics, Policy and Law, 17(1), 62-75. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744133121000116
  • Anhorn, J. (2018). Nepal and the ‘urban resilience utopia’. In A. Fekete & F. Fiedrich (Eds.), Urban disaster resilience and security. The Urban Book Series (pp. 13-26). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68606-6_2
  • Bleck, J., Gottlieb, J., Kosec, K., Kyle, J., & Soumano, M. (2023). Local governance in anticipatory action and crisis response: A new study in Mali. Fragility, Conflict, and Migration Project Note December 2023. Washington DC, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Retrieved April 28, 2024, from https://hdl.handle.net/10568/137230
  • Cassell, C. H., Raghunathan, P. L., Henao, O., Pappas-DeLuca, K. A., Rémy, W. L., Dokubo, E. K., Merrill, R. D., & Marston, B. J. (2022). Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 28(13), 4–7. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2813.221733
  • Coche, J., Rodriguez, G. R., Montarnal, A., Tapia, A., & Benaben, F. (2021). Social media processing in crisis response: An attempt to shift from data to information exploitation. HICSS 2021 – 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, January 2021, Online, United States, pp. 2285-2294. Retrieved April 28, 2024, from https://imt-mines-albi.hal.science/hal-03095502
  • Davis, S., Rose-Davison, K., & Smith, D. G. (2020). Hurricane Katrina at 15: Introduction to the special section. American Journal of Public Health, 110(10), 1461–1462. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305885 Doctors Without Borders. (2010, December 20). Haiti: An overview of MSF operations in 2010. Doctors Without Borders. Retrieved April 28, 2024, from https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/latest/haiti-overview-msf-operations-2010
  • Egbewatt Arrey, L. (2023). Inter-institutional linkages and great power influence: The G5 Sahel, France, and the EU in Sahelian security governance. (Dissertation). Retrieved April 28, 2024, from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1727135&dswid=-4811
  • Epstein, K., DiCarlo, J., Marsh, R., Adhikari, B., Paudel, D., Ray, I., & Måren, I. E. (2018). Recovery and adaptation after the 2015 Nepal earthquakes: A smallholder household perspective. Ecology and Society, 23(1). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26799051
  • FEMA. (2005, September 4). Hurricane Katrina response and recovery update. FEMA. Retrieved April 28, 2024, from https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20210506/hurricane-katrina-response-and-recovery-update Ganesh, S., Gopalasamy, V., & Sai Shibu, N. B. (2021). Architecture for drone assisted emergency ad-hoc network for disaster rescue operations [Conference presentation]. 13th International Conference on Communication System & Networks, Bangalore, India, pp. 44-49. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMSNETS51098.2021.9352814
  • Golden, P. C. (2013). An analysis of the allocation of FEMA public assistance funds along the US Gulf Coast following Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma. (Order No. 29126610). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (2674875188). Retrieved April 28, 2024, from https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/analysis-allocation-fema-public-assistance-funds/docview/2674875188/se-2 Government of Nepal National Planning Commission. (2015). Nepal earthquake 2015 post disaster needs assessment. Vol. A: Key findings. Government of Nepal National Planning. https://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/document/SAR/nepal/PDNA%20Volume%20A%20Final.pdf
  • Greer, S. L., Dubin, K. A., Falkenbach, M., Jarman, H., & Trump, B. D. (2023). Alignment and authority: Federalism, social policy, and COVID-19 response. Health Policy, 127, 12-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2022.11.007 Guerilla, O. (2013, December 15). Adhocism. Retrieved April 28, 2024, from http://objectguerilla.com/blog/2013/9/26/ad-hocism
  • Huang, S. K. (2014). Households’ evacuation decision in response to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita [Doctoral dissertation, Texas A & M University]. https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/handle/1969.1/153425
  • Hupkens, J., Neuhold, C., & Vanhoonacker, S. (2023). One crisis is not like another: Exploring different shades of crisis in the EU. Politics and Governance, 11(4), 252–262. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v11i4.7349
  • Johnson, S. (2007). Hurricane Katrina: Challenges, concerns, policies, and needs. In L. Goldman & C. Coussens (Eds.), Environmental public health impacts of disasters: Hurricane Katrina, workshop summary (pp. 12-15). Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. The National Academies Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK54235/
  • Jencks, C., & Silver, N. (2013). Adhocism: The case for improvisation (expanded and updated ed.). The MIT Press.
  • Karacalı, A. O., & Erdil, T. (2022). Considering sidewalls as an architectural ground: Parasitic architecture approaches in design studio. Journal of Design Studio, 4(1), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.46474/jds.1117609
  • Karlsrud, J., & Reykers, Y. (2020). Ad hoc coalitions and institutional exploitation in international security: Towards a typology. Third World Quarterly, 41(9), 1518–1536. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2020.1763171
  • Khan, A., Gupta, S., & Gupta, S. K. (2021). Unmanned aerial vehicle‐enabled layered architecture-based solution for disaster management. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 32(12). https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4370
  • Liu, G. (2022). Urban improvisation: Research and design about residents’ spontaneous architectural and urban practice in Marseille [Master thesis, Delft University of Technology]. TU Delft Library. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0310e8a6-9e36-4efb-97b4-1f86de87cdca
  • Liu, W., Gerber, E., Jung, S., & Agrawal, A. (2021). The role of human and social capital in earthquake recovery in Nepal. Nature Sustainability, 5(2), 167–173. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00805-4
  • Maly, E., Kondo, T., & Banba, M. (2017). Experience from the United States: Post-Katrina and Sandy. In M. Banba & R. Shaw (Eds.), Land use management in disaster risk reduction (pp. 79-106). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56442-3_6
  • Mohan, M., Ghoshal, R., & Roy, N. (2022). Maternal referral delays and a culture of downstream blaming among healthcare providers: Causes and solutions. Public Health Ethics, 15(3), 268-276. https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phac021
  • Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF). (n.d.). Haemorrhagic fevers. Médecins Sans Frontières International. Retrieved April 28, 2024, from https://www.msf.org/ebola
  • Müller, J., Hoberg, K., & Fransoo, J. C. (2022). Realizing supply chain agility under time pressure: Ad hoc supply chains during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Operations Management, 69(3), 426-449. https://doi.org/10.1002/joom.1210
  • Nepal Earthquake. (2016). Post disaster recovery framework. Government of Nepal National Reconstruction Authority. https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/np/PDRF-Report_FINAL10May.pdf
  • Nkengasong, J., Iwasaki, A., Victora, C., Oh, J., Gao, G. F., Agrawal, A., Drosten, C., Söderberg-Naucler, C., López-Collazo, E., Pollock, A. M., Viola, A., & Baker, M. (2020). The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Med, 1(1), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2020.12.003
  • Ray, R. (2021). Spatial adhocism of the urban territory: Sketches from a squatter settlement in Kolkata. Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal, 6(4-6), 159-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802014.2022.2113743
  • Reykers, Y. F., Karlsrud, J., Brosig, M., Hofmann, S. C., Maglia, C., & Rieker, P. (2023). Ad hoc coalitions in global governance: Short-notice, task- and time-specific cooperation. International Affairs, 99(2), 727-745. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiac319
  • Schaeffer, J. (2023). Analysis of crisis response communication by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Tuttle Creek Lake, Kansas City District during the flooding crisis of 2019 [Master of science thesis, Kansas State University]. K-State Electronic Theses. https://hdl.handle.net/2097/43551
  • Shah Bukhari, S. K. U., Said, H., Gul, R., & Ibna Seraj, P. M. (2021). Barriers to sustainability at Pakistan public universities and the way forward. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 23(4), 865–886. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-09-2020-0352
  • Sharma, P., Tiwari, S., Choi, T.-M., & Kaul, A. (2022). Big data analytics for crisis management from an information processing theory perspective: A multimethodological study. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2022.3209786
  • Shrestha, K. K., Bhattarai, B., Ojha, H. R., & Bajracharya, A. (2019). Disaster justice in Nepal’s earthquake recovery. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 33, 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.10.006
  • Shrestha, R., Fekete, A., & Sandholz, S. (2020). Post-earthquake recovery in Nepal: A study and analysis of post disaster perception and needs for housing recovery after 2015 earthquake. In R. Roggema (Ed.), Designing sustainable cities. Contemporary urban design thinking, (pp. 101–121). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54686-1_7
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  • Waterman, R. H. (1990). Adhocracy: The power to change. Whittle Direct Books.
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KRİZ YANIT MİMARİSİNDE ADHOSİZM: VAKA ÇALIŞMALARI VE ALINAN DERSLER

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 48, 270 - 304, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1542206

Öz

Bu makale, kriz müdahale mimarisinde adhosizm kavramını eleştirel bir şekilde değerlendirmektedir. Aynı zamanda tarihsel emsallerin gözden geçirilmesini, vaka çalışmaları ve örneklerin detaylı bir şekilde incelenmesini içerir. Katrina Kasırgası, Nepal Depremi ve COVID-19 pandemisi gibi somut vakaları analiz ederek, akıllı stratejilerin temellendiği noktaları ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Ortaya çıkan veriler; sürdürülebilirlik ve uzun vadeli planlama, koordinasyon ve iletişim, kaynak yaratma ve yenilikçilik, kriz müdahalesinde uyum ve esneklik gibi konuları kapsar. Çalışma, kriz kaynaklı eylemlerin, gelecekteki kriz çözümlerinin dayanıklılığını ve uyarlanabilirliğini artırmak amacıyla yerleşik prosedürlere entegrasyonunun önemini vurgular. Bu makale, adhokrasi’nin kriz müdahale mimarisinde nasıl işlediğini ve kriz yönetimindeki rolünü sorgulamaktadır. Adhosizm'in uyarlanabilir yaklaşımının, geleneksel kriz müdahale sistemlerinin katı çerçevelerinden nasıl ayrıldığını ve krizlerin karmaşıklığına ve belirsizliğine nasıl uyum sağladığını araştırır. Geleneksel modellerin rutin acil durumlarda etkili olduğunu, ancak karmaşık veya gelişen krizleri yönetmede başarısız olduğunu vurgular. Adhosizm, bu tür belirsizliklerle başa çıkmak için umut verici, esnek ve dayanıklı bir yaklaşım olarak ortaya çıkar. Bu nedenle, bu araştırma, bu uyarlanabilir stratejinin nasıl işlediğini açıklamayı ve kriz müdahale sistemi içindeki rolünü değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, makale geleneksel yaklaşımların sınırlamalarını ve adhosizm'in esnekliğini vurgulamaktadır. Daha esnek, işbirlikçi bir yaklaşım benimsemeyi ve adhosizm'i standart uygulamalara entegre ederek gelecekte daha dayanıklı bir kriz müdahale sistemi oluşturmayı önermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Absi, M. A., Al-Absi, A. A., Sain, M., & Lee, H. (2021). Moving ad hoc networks—A comparative study. Sustainability, 13(11), 6187. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116187
  • Alexander, D. W., & Letovaltseva, T. (2023). Psychosocial workers and indigenous religious leaders: An integrated vision for collaboration in humanitarian crisis response. Religions, 14(6), 802. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14060802
  • Alexander, M., Unruh, L., Koval, A., & Belanger, W. (2022). United States response to the COVID-19 pandemic, January-November 2020. Health Economics, Policy and Law, 17(1), 62-75. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744133121000116
  • Anhorn, J. (2018). Nepal and the ‘urban resilience utopia’. In A. Fekete & F. Fiedrich (Eds.), Urban disaster resilience and security. The Urban Book Series (pp. 13-26). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68606-6_2
  • Bleck, J., Gottlieb, J., Kosec, K., Kyle, J., & Soumano, M. (2023). Local governance in anticipatory action and crisis response: A new study in Mali. Fragility, Conflict, and Migration Project Note December 2023. Washington DC, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Retrieved April 28, 2024, from https://hdl.handle.net/10568/137230
  • Cassell, C. H., Raghunathan, P. L., Henao, O., Pappas-DeLuca, K. A., Rémy, W. L., Dokubo, E. K., Merrill, R. D., & Marston, B. J. (2022). Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 28(13), 4–7. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2813.221733
  • Coche, J., Rodriguez, G. R., Montarnal, A., Tapia, A., & Benaben, F. (2021). Social media processing in crisis response: An attempt to shift from data to information exploitation. HICSS 2021 – 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, January 2021, Online, United States, pp. 2285-2294. Retrieved April 28, 2024, from https://imt-mines-albi.hal.science/hal-03095502
  • Davis, S., Rose-Davison, K., & Smith, D. G. (2020). Hurricane Katrina at 15: Introduction to the special section. American Journal of Public Health, 110(10), 1461–1462. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305885 Doctors Without Borders. (2010, December 20). Haiti: An overview of MSF operations in 2010. Doctors Without Borders. Retrieved April 28, 2024, from https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/latest/haiti-overview-msf-operations-2010
  • Egbewatt Arrey, L. (2023). Inter-institutional linkages and great power influence: The G5 Sahel, France, and the EU in Sahelian security governance. (Dissertation). Retrieved April 28, 2024, from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1727135&dswid=-4811
  • Epstein, K., DiCarlo, J., Marsh, R., Adhikari, B., Paudel, D., Ray, I., & Måren, I. E. (2018). Recovery and adaptation after the 2015 Nepal earthquakes: A smallholder household perspective. Ecology and Society, 23(1). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26799051
  • FEMA. (2005, September 4). Hurricane Katrina response and recovery update. FEMA. Retrieved April 28, 2024, from https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20210506/hurricane-katrina-response-and-recovery-update Ganesh, S., Gopalasamy, V., & Sai Shibu, N. B. (2021). Architecture for drone assisted emergency ad-hoc network for disaster rescue operations [Conference presentation]. 13th International Conference on Communication System & Networks, Bangalore, India, pp. 44-49. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMSNETS51098.2021.9352814
  • Golden, P. C. (2013). An analysis of the allocation of FEMA public assistance funds along the US Gulf Coast following Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma. (Order No. 29126610). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (2674875188). Retrieved April 28, 2024, from https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/analysis-allocation-fema-public-assistance-funds/docview/2674875188/se-2 Government of Nepal National Planning Commission. (2015). Nepal earthquake 2015 post disaster needs assessment. Vol. A: Key findings. Government of Nepal National Planning. https://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/document/SAR/nepal/PDNA%20Volume%20A%20Final.pdf
  • Greer, S. L., Dubin, K. A., Falkenbach, M., Jarman, H., & Trump, B. D. (2023). Alignment and authority: Federalism, social policy, and COVID-19 response. Health Policy, 127, 12-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2022.11.007 Guerilla, O. (2013, December 15). Adhocism. Retrieved April 28, 2024, from http://objectguerilla.com/blog/2013/9/26/ad-hocism
  • Huang, S. K. (2014). Households’ evacuation decision in response to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita [Doctoral dissertation, Texas A & M University]. https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/handle/1969.1/153425
  • Hupkens, J., Neuhold, C., & Vanhoonacker, S. (2023). One crisis is not like another: Exploring different shades of crisis in the EU. Politics and Governance, 11(4), 252–262. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v11i4.7349
  • Johnson, S. (2007). Hurricane Katrina: Challenges, concerns, policies, and needs. In L. Goldman & C. Coussens (Eds.), Environmental public health impacts of disasters: Hurricane Katrina, workshop summary (pp. 12-15). Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. The National Academies Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK54235/
  • Jencks, C., & Silver, N. (2013). Adhocism: The case for improvisation (expanded and updated ed.). The MIT Press.
  • Karacalı, A. O., & Erdil, T. (2022). Considering sidewalls as an architectural ground: Parasitic architecture approaches in design studio. Journal of Design Studio, 4(1), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.46474/jds.1117609
  • Karlsrud, J., & Reykers, Y. (2020). Ad hoc coalitions and institutional exploitation in international security: Towards a typology. Third World Quarterly, 41(9), 1518–1536. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2020.1763171
  • Khan, A., Gupta, S., & Gupta, S. K. (2021). Unmanned aerial vehicle‐enabled layered architecture-based solution for disaster management. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 32(12). https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4370
  • Liu, G. (2022). Urban improvisation: Research and design about residents’ spontaneous architectural and urban practice in Marseille [Master thesis, Delft University of Technology]. TU Delft Library. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0310e8a6-9e36-4efb-97b4-1f86de87cdca
  • Liu, W., Gerber, E., Jung, S., & Agrawal, A. (2021). The role of human and social capital in earthquake recovery in Nepal. Nature Sustainability, 5(2), 167–173. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00805-4
  • Maly, E., Kondo, T., & Banba, M. (2017). Experience from the United States: Post-Katrina and Sandy. In M. Banba & R. Shaw (Eds.), Land use management in disaster risk reduction (pp. 79-106). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56442-3_6
  • Mohan, M., Ghoshal, R., & Roy, N. (2022). Maternal referral delays and a culture of downstream blaming among healthcare providers: Causes and solutions. Public Health Ethics, 15(3), 268-276. https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phac021
  • Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF). (n.d.). Haemorrhagic fevers. Médecins Sans Frontières International. Retrieved April 28, 2024, from https://www.msf.org/ebola
  • Müller, J., Hoberg, K., & Fransoo, J. C. (2022). Realizing supply chain agility under time pressure: Ad hoc supply chains during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Operations Management, 69(3), 426-449. https://doi.org/10.1002/joom.1210
  • Nepal Earthquake. (2016). Post disaster recovery framework. Government of Nepal National Reconstruction Authority. https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/np/PDRF-Report_FINAL10May.pdf
  • Nkengasong, J., Iwasaki, A., Victora, C., Oh, J., Gao, G. F., Agrawal, A., Drosten, C., Söderberg-Naucler, C., López-Collazo, E., Pollock, A. M., Viola, A., & Baker, M. (2020). The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Med, 1(1), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2020.12.003
  • Ray, R. (2021). Spatial adhocism of the urban territory: Sketches from a squatter settlement in Kolkata. Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal, 6(4-6), 159-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802014.2022.2113743
  • Reykers, Y. F., Karlsrud, J., Brosig, M., Hofmann, S. C., Maglia, C., & Rieker, P. (2023). Ad hoc coalitions in global governance: Short-notice, task- and time-specific cooperation. International Affairs, 99(2), 727-745. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiac319
  • Schaeffer, J. (2023). Analysis of crisis response communication by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Tuttle Creek Lake, Kansas City District during the flooding crisis of 2019 [Master of science thesis, Kansas State University]. K-State Electronic Theses. https://hdl.handle.net/2097/43551
  • Shah Bukhari, S. K. U., Said, H., Gul, R., & Ibna Seraj, P. M. (2021). Barriers to sustainability at Pakistan public universities and the way forward. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 23(4), 865–886. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-09-2020-0352
  • Sharma, P., Tiwari, S., Choi, T.-M., & Kaul, A. (2022). Big data analytics for crisis management from an information processing theory perspective: A multimethodological study. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2022.3209786
  • Shrestha, K. K., Bhattarai, B., Ojha, H. R., & Bajracharya, A. (2019). Disaster justice in Nepal’s earthquake recovery. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 33, 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.10.006
  • Shrestha, R., Fekete, A., & Sandholz, S. (2020). Post-earthquake recovery in Nepal: A study and analysis of post disaster perception and needs for housing recovery after 2015 earthquake. In R. Roggema (Ed.), Designing sustainable cities. Contemporary urban design thinking, (pp. 101–121). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54686-1_7
  • Sood, S. K., & Rawat, K. S. (2021). A scientometric analysis of ICT-assisted disaster management. Natural Hazards, 106, 2863–2881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04512-3
  • Su, C., Gilbert, H., & Youngquist, J. (2020). Improving crisis-response simulations: Using local context and incorporating crisis-response professionals. Communication Teacher, 35(1), 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/17404622.2020.1791921
  • Syamsidik, R. S. O., Nugroho, A., Fahmi, M., Suppasri, A., Munadi, K., & Amra, R. (2021). Fifteen years of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami in Aceh-Indonesia: Mitigation, preparedness and challenges for a long-term disaster recovery process. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 54, 102052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102052
  • Tagarev, T., & Ratchev, V. (2020). A taxonomy of crisis management functions. Sustainability, 12(12), 5147. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125147
  • The White House. (n.d.). Hurricane Katrina: Chapter Five: Lessons learned. The White House, President George W. Bush. Retrieved April 28, 2024, from https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/reports/katrina-lessons-learned/chapter5.html
  • Waterman, R. H. (1990). Adhocracy: The power to change. Whittle Direct Books.
  • White, B. A. A., Johnson, J., Arroliga, A. C., & Couchman, G. (2020). Ad hoc teams and telemedicine during COVID-19. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 33(4), 696-698. https://doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2020.1809758
  • World Health Organization. (2021). Ad hoc virtual meeting on COVID-19: Enhancing the role of parliamentarians in continuing to support the COVID-19 response, including in relation to vaccines and virus variants, 26 April 2021, Virtual meeting: Meeting report. WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/341459
  • World Health Organization. (2022, April 4). WHO’s response to COVID-19 - 2021 annual report. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/who-s-response-to-covid-19-2021-annual-report
  • Xu, J. (2020). Does the medium matter? A meta-analysis on using social media vs. traditional media in crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 46(4), 101947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2020.101947
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mimarlık Tarihi, Mimarlıkta Estetik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tuğba Erdil Dinçel 0000-0002-9914-6805

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 16 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 48

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdil Dinçel, T. (2024). ADHOCISM IN CRISIS RESPONSE ARCHITECTURE: CASE STUDIES AND LESSONS LEARNED. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(48), 270-304. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1542206