Değişim Çağına Yeni Normal Liderlik

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 108 - 121, 30.06.2021

Arzu Uğurlu Kara

Öz

Covid-19'un hâkim olduğu günümüz dünyası, çok çeşitli düşünce ve duyguların karması haline gelmiştir. Belki de bugüne kadar daha yaygın veya tutarlı bir şekilde hiçbir tema değişim açısından bu kadar tartışılmamıştır. Her birimiz bir dereceye kadar değişim yaşamaktayız ve çoğumuz için bu değişim şaşırtıcı ve önemlidir. Gerçek zamanlı olarak "yeni normalimizin" yaratılışını seyrediyoruz ve değişim yönetimi teorisine göre biz insanlar istemsiz katılımcılar olarak bu deneye denek oluyoruz. Gerek günlük hayatımızda gerekse iş hayatımızda, değişimin önündeki engelleri azaltırken sistematik, yapıcı değişimi sağlamak için entegre bir yaklaşıma ihtiyacımız olduğunu artık hepimiz biliyoruz.
Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, yeni normal olarak adlandırılan Covid-19 salgını sırasında günlük yaşam dışında, iş hayatında meydana gelen değişimler ışığında gelişen “yeni normal liderlik” olarak adlandırılan durumsal liderliğin ortaya çıkışını irdelemektir. "Yeni normal" terimi, II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra bile kullanıldığından aslında yeni bir kavram değildir. Tarihimize göz attığımızda karşımıza çıkan, atalarımız ve büyük liderlerimizdeki liderlik niteliklerinin izini sürmüş bir millet olduğumuz söylenebilir. Tarihimizin kritik dönemlerinde liderlerimizden dolayı özgürlüğümüzü kazandığımızı ve liderliğin bir sonraki aşamaya geçerken bize yardım ettiğine tanık olmuşuzdur. İleriki nesiller de bugüne atıfta bulunarak liderlikte yapılan doğru ve yanlışları ortaya koyabilecek ve bunlardan ders çıkartabilecektir. Beklenilen, yeni normal dönemde iyi bir liderin sorumluluk duyduğu izleyicileri ve tüm alanları mağdur etmeden, cesurca hareket eden, dünyadaki gelişmeleri yakından takip eden, kısaca imkânsızı üstlenebilen olmalarıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeni Normal, Liderlik, Yeni Normal Liderlik, Dönüşümsel Liderlik

Kaynakça

• Acemoglu, D., Chernozhukov, V., Werning, I. and Whinston, M.D. (2020) A multi-risk SIR model with optimally targeted lockdown. NBER working paper 27102.
• Ancho, I. V. (2020). Old mind-set, values and ethics, and stakeholder partnership and accountability: Inputs to school leadership in the new normal. College of Graduate Studies and Teacher Education Research. Philippine Normal University 2020
• Baert, S., Lippens, L., Moens, E., Sterkens, P. and Weytjens, J. (2020a). How do we think the COVID-19 crisis will affect our careers (if any remain)?. GLO Discussion Paper, No. 520, Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen.
• Baert, S., Lippens, L., Moens, E., Sterkens, P. and Weytjens, J. (2020b). The COVID-19 crisis and telework: a research survey on experiences, expectations and hopes. GLO Discussion Paper, No. 532, Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen.
• Bailey, J.R. and Raelin, J.D. (2015). Organizations don’t resist change, people do: Modeling individual reactions to organizational change through loss and terror management. Organization Management Journal, Vol. 12 No. 3, pp. 125-138
• Bass, B.M. and Riggio, R.E. (2006). Transformational Leadership, Taylor & Francis, NJ.
• BBC News, (2021). Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-51864424 in 12.02.2021.
• Belbin, M. (1981). Management teams: Why they succeed or fail, Butterworth-Heinemann.
• Brodeur A., Gray, D., Islam, A. and Bhuiyan Suraiya, J. (2020a). A literature review of the economics of COVID-19. GLO Discussion Paper, No. 601, Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen
• Brodeur A, Grigoryeva I, Kattan L (2020b). Stay-at-home orders, social distancing and trust. Global Labor Organization Discussion Paper, 553. Brynjolfsson, E., Horton, J., Ozimek, A., Rock, D., Sharma, G. and Yi Tu Ye, H. (2020). Covid-19 and remote work: an early look at U.S. data. NBER Working Paper, 27344.
• Buchanan, D. A. and Denyer, D. (2013). Researching tomorrow's crisis: methodological innovations and wider implications. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(2), 205-224.
• Buheji, M. (2020). Planning competency in the new normal– employability competency in post- covıd-19 pandemic. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, Vol. 10, No. 2
• Buheji, M. (2020a). Future foresight of post covıd-19 generations. International Journal of Youth Economy, 4(1), I-III.
• Buheji, M. (2020b). Socio-economic projects spillovers and their ınfluence on communities development. Review of European Studies, 12(1), 47-54. Buheji, M. and Ahmed, D. (2020) Foresight of coronavirus (covıd-19) opportunities for a better world. American Journal of Economics, 10(2), 97-108.
• Burnes, B. (2004). Kurt Lewin and the planned approach to change: a re‐appraisal. Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 41 No. 6, pp. 977-1002.
• Burnes, B. and Cooke, B. (2012). Kurt Lewin’s field theory: a review and re-evaluation. International Journal of Management Reviews, Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 408-425.
• Day, D.V., Fleenor, J.W., Atwater, L.E., Sturm, R.E. and McKee, R.A. (2014). Advances in leader and leadership development: a review of 25 years of research and theory. The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 25 No. 1, pp. 63-82.
• Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, Retrieved from https://covid19.who.int/ in 06.03.2021.
• Edmondson, A. C. (2019). The Fearless organization: creating psychologic safety in the workplace for learning, innovation, and growth. Harvard Business School. John Wiley and Sons,
• Emerald, (2019). Retrieved from https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JOCM-05-2019-492/full/pdf?title=leadership-capacity-in-an-era-of-change-the-new-normal-leader in 18.02.2021.
• Entreprenuer, (2020). Retrieved from https://www.entrepreneur.cpm/article/249676 in 30.01.2020.
• Geier, M.T. (2016). Leadership in extreme contexts: transformational leadership, performance beyond expectations?. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 234-247.
• Gillespie, N.A. and Mann, L. (2004). Transformational leadership and shared values: the building blocks of trust. Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 19 No. 6, pp. 588-605.
• Fleming, K. and Millar, C. (2019). Leadership capacity in an era of change: the new-normal leader. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 32 (3), 310-319.
• Florida, R. (2006). The flight of the creative class, The new competition for talent, Liberal Education, ERIC, p. 22.
• Forrier, A. and Sels, L. (2003). The Concept Employability: A Complex Mosaic. International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 3(2), 103-124.
• Hall, P. A. and Lamont, M. (2013). Introduction. In Hall, P. A. & Lamont, M. (Eds.), Social Resilience in the Neo-Liberal Era: 1–34. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
• Hamel, G. and Välikangas, L. (2003). The quest for resilience. Harvard Business Review, 81(9): 52–63.Google Scholar
• Helyer, R. and Lee, D. (2014). The Role of Wo rk Experience in the Future Employability of Higher Education Graduates. Higher Education Quarterly, 68(3), 348–372.
• Holling, C. S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecological Systematics, 4:1–23.
• Jacobs, T.O. and Jaques, E. (1990). Military executive leadership, in Clark, K.E. and Clark, M.B. (Ed.), Measures of Leadership, Leadership Library of America, West Orange, NJ, pp. 281-295.
• Levenson, A. (2020). A Long Time Until the Economic New Normal, Leaders must learn from the pandemic now to position their companies to thrive in the next crisis. Sloan Review, MIT. Retrieved from https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/a-long-time-until-the-economic-new-normal in 25.1.2020.
• Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory in social science: Selected theoretical papers, Harper & Brothers, New York.
• Marquitz, M., Badding, S. and Chermack, T.J. (2016). The effects of scenario planning on perceptions of grief in organisational change. International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 1-19.
• Meister, J. (2020). The impact of the coronavirus on hr and the new normal of work. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeannemeister/2020/03/31/the-impact-of-the-coronavirus-on-hrand-the-new-normal-of-work/#178b9d232b60 in 15.02.2021.
• Moran, J.W. and Brightman, B.K. (2000). Leading organizational change. Journal of Workplace Learning, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 66-74.
• Murashkin, M. and Tyrväinen, J. (2020). Adapting to the new normal. a qualitative study of digital leadership in crisis. Department of Business Administration. Master's Program in Management. Master's Thesis in Business Administration II, 15 Credits, Spring
• Politico Magazine (2020). Coronavirus will change the world permanentlyhere's’s how. Retrieved from https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/03/19/coronavirus-effect-economy-life-societ y-analysis-covid-135579 in 20.02.2021.
• Qiu, Y., Chen, X. and Shi, W. (2020). Impacts of social and economic factors on the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. J Popul Econ, 1127–1172.
• Sarasvathy, S. D. and Kotha, S. (2001). Dealing with Knightian uncertainty in the new economy: The RealNetworks case. Greenwich, CT: IAP, Inc.Google Scholar Stoller, J. K. (2020). Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/User/Desktop/%C3%B6zerk/Reflections%20on%20leadership%20in%20the%20time%20of%20COVID-19.html in 20.02.2021.
• Todorova, G. and Durisin, B. (2007). Absorptive capacity: valuing a reconceptualization. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 32 No. 3, pp. 774-786.
• Van De Voorde, K., Paauwe, J. and Van Veldhoven, M. (2012). Employee well‐being and the HRM–organizational performance relationship: a review of quantitative studies. International Journal of Management Reviews, 14(4), 391-407.
• Visual Thinking, (2020) Retrieved from https://www.visualworkplace.com/2016/06/01/the-single-biggest-problem-in-communication-is-the-illusion-that-it-has-taken-place in 02.03.2021.
• Weick, K.E. (1979). The Social Psychology of Organizing, Random House, New York, NY.
• Weick, K.E., Sutcliffe, K.M. and Obstfeld, D. (1999). Organizing for high reliability: processes of collective mindfulness, in Sutton, R.I. and Staw, B.M. (Eds), Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 21, Elsevier Science/JAI Press, pp. 81-123.
• Zanko, M. and Dawson, P. (2012). Occupational health and safety management in organizations: A review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 14(3), 328-344.
• Zhou, X. (2020). Organizational response to COVID-19 crisis: Reflections on the Chinese bureaucracy and its resilience. Management and Organization, 16(3).