Baba Katılımına Sosyodemografik Değişkenler ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Perspektifi Üzerinden Yaklaşım

Öz

Bu çalışma baba katılımının potansiyel sosyodemografik öncüllerinin toplumsal cinsiyet perspektifinden yorumlanması amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. 5-6 yaş grubunda çocuğu olan babalardan (n= 377) anket yoluyla, aile ve çalışma durumu değişkenleri, baba katılımı (ve alt boyutlarının) düzeyleri ve toplumsal cinsiyete yönelik tutumları hakkında bilgi alınmıştır. Analizler bağımsız t testi ve ANOVA ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgulara göre, babaların ilgi ve yakınlık puanlarının çocuğun cinsiyetinden etkilenebildiği, çocuk doğum sırası arttığında keyfi meşguliyet boyutu puanının düşebildiği, çocuğun cinsiyetine dair beklentisi olmayan babaların ilgi ve yakınlık puanlarının yüksek olduğu, babaların eğitim düzeyinin yükselmesi ile eşitlikçi tutumun ve baba katılım düzeyinin ayrı ayrı ilişkili olabileceği görülmüştür. Bunun yanında, çalışma durumunun baba katılım boyutlarından bazılarını etkileyebileceği, ancak kazanç düzeyinin etkilemediği bulunmuştur. Eşitlikçilik puanları yüksek olan babaların daha eğitimli ve daha çok kazanan kadınlarla evli olduğu; daha çok kazanan eşlerle evli olan babaların farklı boyutlarda daha katılımcı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bulgular yorumlandığında, baba katılımının çocuk cinsiyeti ve sayısı ile ilişkili olabileceği, anne-baba çalışma durumlarından etkilendiği; anneye dair değişkenlerin birçok alt boyutta baba katılımını etkiliyor olabileceği söylenebilmektedir. Bu değişkenler babaların toplumsal cinsiyete dair tutumu ile karşılaştırıldığında, eşitlikçi babaların daha az çocuk yaptığı, farklı alanlarda daha çok katılım gösterdiği ve daha yüksek eğitimli kadınlarla evli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak, babaların evlenecekleri kişiye yönelik tercihlerinin, temelde babaların cinsiyet eşitliğine yönelik tutumlarıyla ilgili olabileceği, annelerin çalışma hayatlarının babaları katılıma yönlendiriyor olabileceği tartışılmıştır. Üretilen bir diğer varsayım ise, daha eşitlikçi yaklaşıma sahip olup daha çok katılım gösterebilecek erkeklerin, kadınlar tarafından seçilebiliyor olduğuna yöneliktir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Baba katılımı
• öncüller
• okul öncesi dönem
• toplumsal cinsiyet

Approach to Father Involvement through Socio-Demographic Variables and Gender Perspective

Öz

This study was conducted to interpret potential sociodemographic antecedents of father involvement from a gender perspective. Information about family and employment status variables, levels of father involvement (and sub-dimensions) and attitudes towards gender were obtained from fathers (n= 377) who have children in the 5-6 age group. Analysis were performed with independent t-test and ANOVA. According to the findings, the relevancy and affection scores of the fathers may be affected by the gender of the child; the arbitrary engagement dimension score may decrease when the child's birth order increases; the relevancy and affection scores of the fathers who do not have any expectations about the gender of the child are high; the increase in the education level of the fathers may be related to the egalitarian attitude and the level of father involvement, separately. Besides, the work status of the father might affect some of the involvement dimensions, but the level of earnings did not. It has been received that fathers with high egalitarianism scores are married to women who are more educated and earn more; fathers who are married to spouses who earn more are more participatory in different dimensions. When the findings were speculated, it was found that father involvement may be related to the gender and number of children, and that it was affected by the working status of the parents; it can be said that the variables related to the mother may affect the involvement of the father in many sub-dimensions. When these variables were compared with fathers' attitudes towards gender, it was concluded that egalitarian fathers had fewer children, were more involved in different dimensions, and were married to women with higher education. Finally, it has been discussed that fathers' preferences for the person they will marry may be related to fathers' attitudes towards gender equality, and that mothers' working life may lead fathers to involve. Another assumption is that men who have a more egalitarian approach and can participate more may be chosen by women.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Father involvement
• antecedents
• preschool period
• gender

Kaynakça

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