Çoklu Görevler ile Bilişsel Kontrol Yetisi İlişkisinin Teorik Arka Planda İncelenmesi

Yıl 2019, , 389 - 407, 24.12.2019

Mine İmren

https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.601061

Öz

Dijital çağda kişiselleşen
teknolojik bilgi iletişim ürünlerinin kullanımı oldukça yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu
teknolojik ürünler sundukları çok sayıda bilgi ve fonksiyonlarla bireyleri
çoklu görevlere yönlendirmektedir. Medya ürünlerinin eş zamanlı veya geçişler
halinde kullanılması, çoklu medya görevi (ÇMG) olarak adlandırılan bir çoklu
görev (ÇG) türüdür. Özellikle gençler tarafından sıklıkla kullanılan cihazların
bilişsel düzeydeki etkileri hakkındaki çalışmalar daha fazla bilişsel kontrol
yetisi üzerine yoğunlaşmış görünmektedir. Bilişsel kontrol, çoklu medya
görevlerini sürdürmede elzem bir yeti olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bilişsel
kontrol yetisi ve ÇMG kullanım yoğunluğunu araştıran çalışmalardan elde edilen
sonuçlar, genel olarak daha yoğun bir biçimde ÇMG kullanımı bildiren
katılımcıların çeşitli bilişsel kontrol ögeleri ile ilgili görevlerde daha az
başarılı olduğunu, günlük deneyimlerinin daha olumsuz olduğunu ve beyinde
bilişsel kontrol yetisi ile ilgili bölgelerde yapısal değişimler ve farklı
aktivasyon örüntülerine sahip olduklarını göstermiştir. Derlemenin amacı
laboratuvar, öz bildirim ve beyin görüntüleme çaışmalarından elde edilen
sonuçların alan yazında eksik olduğu gözlenen teorik arka plan dâhilinde
incelenmesidir. Bu kapsamda, derlenen çalışma sonuçları çoklu görev teori ve
hipotezleri çerçevesinde karşılaştırılarak tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

çoklu görev, çoklu medya görevi, bilişsel kontrol, yürütücü işlevler

Examining the Relationship between Multitasking and Cognitive Control Ability on the Theoretical Background

Öz

In the
digital age, the use of personalized information and communication technology
products has become widespread. These technological products have directed
individuals to multitasking with various supplied information and functions.
Using media products simultaneously or in transition is a type of multitasking
(MT) named as media multitasking (MMT). Especially, the studies of the effects
on the cognitive level of devices frequently used by younger people appear focusing
mainly on cognitive control ability. Cognitive control is considered as an
essential ability in maintaining media multitasking. The results obtained from
the researches investigating cognitive control ability and the intensity of MMT
usage have shown that participants reporting more intensive usage of MMT in
general, are less successful in tasks related to various cognitive control
competences, their daily experience is more negative, and they have structural
changes in areas related to cognitive control ability and different activation
patterns in brain. The aim of this review is to examine the results obtained
from the studies of laboratory, self-report and neuroimaging within the
theoretical background which is regarded as being a lack in the literature. In
this context, compiled results of studies have been compared and discussed in
the light of multitasking theories and hypotheses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

: multitasking, media multitasking, cognitive control, executive functions

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