Afet Yönetişiminde Yerelleşme Adımları: Depremler Özelinde Bir İnceleme

Öz

Çalışma afet yönetişiminde yerelleşmenin etkilerini depremler üzerinden incelemektedir. Günümüzde afet yönetişiminde yerelleşmeye dair adımlar üniter devletlerde de etkili olmaya başlamıştır. Yerelleşmenin baş aktörü olarak yerel sivil toplum örgütleri ve yerel topluluklar yer alsa da çalışmada yerel yönetimlere öncelik verilmiştir. Deprem öncesi ve sonrası yerel yönetimlerin rolü ve sorumlulukları belirlenmiştir. Dört bölümden oluşan çalışmanın ilk bölümünde kavramsal çerçeve yer almaktadır. Ardından afet yönetişiminde yerel yönetimlerin rolleri ve ilişkileri literatür çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. Aynı bölümde üniter devletler ve afet yönetişimde yerel yönetimlerle ilişkilerine ayrı bir başlık açılmaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde depreme en fazla maruz kalan üniter devletler içerisinde yer alan Yeni Zelanda, Şili, İtalya, Yunanistan, İran, Çin, Japonya, Güney Kore ve Endonezya incelenerek ülkelerin afet yönetişimlerinde yerelleşmeye dair politika dönüşümleri depremler özelinde değerlendirilmektedir. Türkiye için ayrı bir başlığın açıldığı bu çalışmada özellikle 6 Şubat depremleri sonrası yerelleşmeye dayalı düzenlemeler üzerinde durulmaktadır. Türkiye başlığının devamında incelenen ülkeler değerlendirilmekte ve incelenen ülkelerden hareketle Türkiye’ye dair öneriler getirilmektedir. Sonuçta yerelleşmeye dair radikal nitelikte reformlar yerine kademeli bir geçiş önerilmektedir. Literatürden yola çıkarak günümüzde afet yönetişiminde yerelleşme konusunda başarıya ulaşan ülkelerin odağını toplum temelli ve kapsayıcı politikalara yönelttiğine ulaşılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet Yönetişimi
• Depremler
• Yerel Yönetimler
• Üniter Devlet Deneyimleri
• Türkiye

Steps Towards Localization In Disaster Governance: A Study Focusing On Earthquakes

Öz

The study examines the effects of localization in disaster governance through earthquakes. Whilst local civil society organizations and communities have been identified as playing a leading role in the process of localization, the study has focused primarily on the role and responsibilities of local governments (LG) before and after an earthquake have been defined. The initial section of this four-part study sets out the conceptual framework, which is then built upon in subsequent sections and examines the roles and relationships of LG’s in disaster governance. The third chapter examines New Zealand, Chile, Italy, Greece, Iran, China, Japan, South Korea and Indonesia- all of which are unitary states that are most frequently affected by earthquakes-and assesses policy shifts towards decentralization in these countries' disaster government systems. In addition, the study comprises a dedicated section on Turkey, with a particular emphasis on localization-based regulations in the post-earthquake context of 6 February, evaluates the countries examined and makes recommendations for Turkey. Ultimately, a gradual transition is proposed rather than radical reforms regarding localization. Based on the literature, it is evident that countries which have achieved success in the localization of disaster governance today have shifted their focus towards community-based and inclusive policies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Disaster Governance
• Earthquakes
• Local Governments
• Unitary States Experiences
• Türkiye

Kaynakça

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