Araştırma Makalesi
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Afet Sosyal Bilim Araştırmalarında Bir ‘Epistemik Cemaat’: Latin Amerika’da LA RED

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 36 - 56, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1091149

Öz

LA RED (Latin Amerika'da Afetlerin Önlenmesine İlişkin Sosyal Araştırmalar Ağı) sosyal bilim alanlarında afet araştırmalarını teşvik etmeye ve yaygınlaştırmaya adanmış bir bilim insanları topluluğudur. Toplumsal kırılganlığı kavramsal başlangıç noktası alan öncü bir araştırma ve eylem ağı olarak LA RED’in afet ve risk araştırmaları dünyasında önemli bir yeri vardır. Bu topluluğun aşağıdaki katkıları, getirdiği kavramsal yenilikler ve ufuk açıcı görüşleri afetlerin sosyal boyutlarını, afet riskini ve bunların yönetimini düşünmenin ve anlamanın alternatif bir yönteminin yolunu açmıştır: (1) afetlerin sosyal inşası; (2) afet riski, kalkınma ve çevre arasındaki içkin bağ; (3) küçük ve orta ölçekli afetlerin ve kapsamlı ve yoğun risklerin önemi; (4) yerel düzeyde afet risk yönetimi ve (5) bütünleşik afet risk araştırması ve afetlerin adli incelemeleri. Bu perspektiflerin birleşmesi sonucunda, entelektüel bir afet araştırmacıları topluluğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ağ, afet risklerinin toplumsal yorumlarının yaygınlaştırılmasında ve doğal tehlikelerden sosyal savunmasızlığa paradigma kaymasında kilit bir rol oynamıştır. İkincil literatüre dayanan bu araştırma bir epistemik cemaat olarak LA RED’in afet sosyal bilim araştırmaları içindeki yerini, ağın yapısını, araştırma gündemini, ufuk açıcı görüşlerini, kıtada ve dünyada afet çalışmalarına önemli katkılarını, 1992’de başlayan tarihsel ve düşünsel serüvenini incelemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkalın, O. (2018). Türkiye’ye İlişkin Sosyal Boyutlu Deprem Yazınına Eleştirel Bir Bakış, Dirençlilik Dergisi, 2(2), 85-104.
  • Alcántara-Ayala, I. (2019). Time in a Bottle: Challenges to Disaster Studies in Latin America and the Caribbean, Disasters, 43 (1), 518-527.
  • Alcántara-Ayala I vd., (2015). Disaster Risks Research and Assessment to Promote Risk Reduction and Management, Paris: International Council for Science and the International Social Science Council.
  • Anderson, M.D. (2011). Disaster Writing: The Cultural Politics of Catastrophe in Latin America, Charlottesville ve London: University of Virginia Press.
  • Arslan H (2007). Epistemik Cemaat, İstanbul: Paradigma Yayınları.
  • Bankoff, G., Hilhorst, D. (2022). Why Vulnerability Still Matters: The Politics of Disaster Risk Creation, New York: Routledge.
  • Barrios, R.E. (2017). Governing Affect: Neoliberalism and Disaster Reconstruction. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I., Wisner, B. (1994). At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability and Disasters. New York: Routledge.
  • Brenes, A., Marchezini, V., Wisner, B. (2020). Non-Governmental Organizations and Natural Hazard Governance in Latin America and the Caribbean, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science (s.1-40), Oxford University Press, https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.333
  • Bourdieu, P. (2018). Bilimin Toplumsal Kullanımları, Ankara: Heretik Yayınları.
  • Burton, I., Kates, R.W., White, G.F. ([1978] 1992). The Environment as Hazard, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Cardona, O.D. (2004). The need for rethinking the concepts of vulnerability and risk from a holistic perspective: a necessary review and criticism for effective risk management, In Bankoff G, Frerks G, Hilhorst D (ed.) Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People, London: Earthscan.
  • Fleck, L., ([1935]1979). Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Foucault, M. (2006). Hapishanenin Doğuşu, Ankara: İmge Yayınevi.
  • Foucault, M. (1999). Bilginin Arkeolojisi, İstanbul: Birey Yayıncılık.
  • Gaillard, J.C. (2022). The Invention of Disaster: Power and Knowledge in Discourses on Hazard and Vulnerability, London: Routledge.
  • García-Acosta, V. (ed.) (2020). The Anthropology of Disasters in Latin America: State of the Art, London: Routledge.
  • Haas, P.M. (1992). Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination, International Organization, 46, (1), 1-35.
  • Hewitt, K. (1997). Regions of Risk: A Geographical Introduction to Disasters. Harlow, Essex: Longman.
  • Hewitt, K. (1995). Excluded Perspectives in the Social Construction of Disaster, International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters. 13(3), 317–339.
  • Hewitt, K. (1983). Interpretations of Calamity: From the Viewpoint of Human Ecology. Boston: Allen and Unwin.
  • Hoffman, S.M., Barrios, R.E. (2020). Disaster upon Disaster: Exploring the Gap Between Knowledge, Policy, and Practice, New York: Berghahn Books.
  • Kates, R.W. (1971). Natural Hazard in Human Ecological Perspective: Hypotheses and Models, Economic Geography. 47(3), 438–451.
  • Kayaalp, E., Arslan, O. (2018). Belirsizliğin bilimi: Beklenen İstanbul Depremi ve uzmanlar antropolojisi, Toplum ve Bilim, 144, 124-146.
  • Kelman, I., Mercer, J., Gaillard, J.C. (2017). The Routledge Handbook of Disaster Risk Reduction Including Climate Change Adaptation, London: Routledge.
  • Kelman, I., Gaillard, J.C., Lewis, J., Mercer, J. (2016). Learning from the history of disaster vulnerability and resilience research and practice for climate change. Natural Hazards, 82, 129–143.
  • Kuhn, T.S. (1995). Bilimsel Devrimlerin Yapısı, İstanbul: Alan Yayıncılık.
  • Lavell, A. (2017). Preface, In Marchezini V, Wisner B, Londe LR, Saito SM (ed.) (2017) Reduction of Vulnerability to Disasters: From Knowledge to Action, São Carlos: RiMa Editora.
  • Lavell, A., Maskrey, A. (2014). The Future of Disaster Risk Management, Environmental Hazards. 13(4), 267–280.
  • Lavell, A., Brenes, A., Girot, P. (2013). The role of LA RED in Disaster Risk Management in Latin America, World Social Science Report 2013, UNESCO.
  • Lavell, A. (2012). LA RED: A Pioneering Research and Action Network in Latin America, In Wisner B, Gaillard JC, Kelman I (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction, London: Routledge.
  • Marchezini, V., Wisner, B., Londe, L,R., Saito, S.M. (ed.) (2017). Reduction of Vulnerability to Disasters: From Knowledge to Action, São Carlos: RiMa Editora.
  • Maskrey, A. (ed.) (1993). Los Desastres No Son Naturales, Bogotá: LA RED–Tercer Mundo Editores.
  • Maskrey, A. (1989). Disaster mitigation: A community-based Approach, Oxford: Oxfam.
  • O’Keefe, P., Westgate, K., Wisner, B. (1976). Taking the naturalness out of natural disasters, Nature, 260 (5552), 566–567.
  • Oliver-Smith, A. (2020). Prologue, In García-Acosta V (ed.) (2020) The Anthropology of Disasters in Latin America: State of the Art, London: Routledge. Oliver-Smith, A. (2002). Theorizing Disasters: Nature, Power, and Culture? In Hoffman SM, Oliver-Smith A (ed.) Catastrophe and Culture: The Anthropology of Disaster. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, NM. 23–47.
  • Oliver-Smith, A. (1995). Peru’s five-hundred-year earthquake: Vulnerability in historical context. In Varley A, (ed.), Disasters, Development and Environment, Chichester, U.K.: John Wiley.
  • Oliver-Smith A, Alcántara-Ayala, I., Burton, I., Lavell, A. (2016). Forensic Investigations of Disasters (FORIN): A Conceptual Framework and Guide to Research, Beijing: Integrated Research on Disaster Risk.
  • Oliver-Smith, A., Alcántara-Ayala, I., Burto, I., Lavell, A. (2017). The social construction of disaster risk: seeking root causes, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 22, 469–474.
  • Revet, S. (2020) Disasterland: An Ethnography of the International Disaster Community, Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Vera-Cortés, G., Macías-Medrano, J.M. (ed.) (2020). Disasters and Neoliberalism: Different Expressions of Social Vulnerability, Switzerland: Springer.
  • Westcoat, J.L. (2015). Risk, hazards and vulnerability, In Perreault T, Bridge G ve McCarthy J (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Political Ecology, London: Routledge.
  • White, G. (1974). Natural Hazards: Local, National, Global. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Wisner, B. (2015). Speaking Truth to Power: A personal account of activist political ecology. In Perreault T, Bridge G ve McCarthy J (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Political Ecology, London: Routledge.
  • Wisner, B., Gaillard, J.C., Kelman, I. (ed.) (2012). The Routledge Handbook of Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction, London: Routledge.
  • Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I. (2004). At Risk: Natural Hazards People’s Vulnerability and Disasters, New York: Routledge.
  • Wisner, B., O´Keefe, P., Westgate, K. (1977). Global System and Local Disasters: The Untapped Power of Peoples Science, Disasters, 1 (1), 47-57.

An ‘Epistemic Community’ in Disaster Social Science Research: LA RED in Latin America

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 36 - 56, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1091149

Öz

LA RED (Network of Social Studies in the Prevention of Disasters in Latin America) is a community of scientists dedicated to promoting and disseminating disaster research in the fields of social science. As a pioneering research and action network that takes social vulnerability as a conceptual starting point, LA RED has an important place in the disasters and risks research world. This community's following contributions, conceptual innovations and seminal views have paved the way for an alternative method of thinking and understanding about social dimensions of disasters, disaster risk, and disaster management: (1) the social construction of disasters; (2) the inherent connection between environment, development and disaster risk; (3) small and medium-sized disasters and comprehensive and intensive risks; (4) local disaster risk management and (5) integrated disaster risk research and forensic inspections of disasters. The combination of these perspectives has resulted in an intellectual community of disaster researchers. The network has played a foundational role in mainstreaming social interpretations of disaster risks and in the paradigm shift from natural hazards to social vulnerability. This article, based on secondary literature, investigates the distinct contributions of LA RED to disaster social science research as an epistemic community, its place, structure, research agenda, seminal notions, and the historical and intellectual expedition that began in 1992.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkalın, O. (2018). Türkiye’ye İlişkin Sosyal Boyutlu Deprem Yazınına Eleştirel Bir Bakış, Dirençlilik Dergisi, 2(2), 85-104.
  • Alcántara-Ayala, I. (2019). Time in a Bottle: Challenges to Disaster Studies in Latin America and the Caribbean, Disasters, 43 (1), 518-527.
  • Alcántara-Ayala I vd., (2015). Disaster Risks Research and Assessment to Promote Risk Reduction and Management, Paris: International Council for Science and the International Social Science Council.
  • Anderson, M.D. (2011). Disaster Writing: The Cultural Politics of Catastrophe in Latin America, Charlottesville ve London: University of Virginia Press.
  • Arslan H (2007). Epistemik Cemaat, İstanbul: Paradigma Yayınları.
  • Bankoff, G., Hilhorst, D. (2022). Why Vulnerability Still Matters: The Politics of Disaster Risk Creation, New York: Routledge.
  • Barrios, R.E. (2017). Governing Affect: Neoliberalism and Disaster Reconstruction. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I., Wisner, B. (1994). At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability and Disasters. New York: Routledge.
  • Brenes, A., Marchezini, V., Wisner, B. (2020). Non-Governmental Organizations and Natural Hazard Governance in Latin America and the Caribbean, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science (s.1-40), Oxford University Press, https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.333
  • Bourdieu, P. (2018). Bilimin Toplumsal Kullanımları, Ankara: Heretik Yayınları.
  • Burton, I., Kates, R.W., White, G.F. ([1978] 1992). The Environment as Hazard, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Cardona, O.D. (2004). The need for rethinking the concepts of vulnerability and risk from a holistic perspective: a necessary review and criticism for effective risk management, In Bankoff G, Frerks G, Hilhorst D (ed.) Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People, London: Earthscan.
  • Fleck, L., ([1935]1979). Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Foucault, M. (2006). Hapishanenin Doğuşu, Ankara: İmge Yayınevi.
  • Foucault, M. (1999). Bilginin Arkeolojisi, İstanbul: Birey Yayıncılık.
  • Gaillard, J.C. (2022). The Invention of Disaster: Power and Knowledge in Discourses on Hazard and Vulnerability, London: Routledge.
  • García-Acosta, V. (ed.) (2020). The Anthropology of Disasters in Latin America: State of the Art, London: Routledge.
  • Haas, P.M. (1992). Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination, International Organization, 46, (1), 1-35.
  • Hewitt, K. (1997). Regions of Risk: A Geographical Introduction to Disasters. Harlow, Essex: Longman.
  • Hewitt, K. (1995). Excluded Perspectives in the Social Construction of Disaster, International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters. 13(3), 317–339.
  • Hewitt, K. (1983). Interpretations of Calamity: From the Viewpoint of Human Ecology. Boston: Allen and Unwin.
  • Hoffman, S.M., Barrios, R.E. (2020). Disaster upon Disaster: Exploring the Gap Between Knowledge, Policy, and Practice, New York: Berghahn Books.
  • Kates, R.W. (1971). Natural Hazard in Human Ecological Perspective: Hypotheses and Models, Economic Geography. 47(3), 438–451.
  • Kayaalp, E., Arslan, O. (2018). Belirsizliğin bilimi: Beklenen İstanbul Depremi ve uzmanlar antropolojisi, Toplum ve Bilim, 144, 124-146.
  • Kelman, I., Mercer, J., Gaillard, J.C. (2017). The Routledge Handbook of Disaster Risk Reduction Including Climate Change Adaptation, London: Routledge.
  • Kelman, I., Gaillard, J.C., Lewis, J., Mercer, J. (2016). Learning from the history of disaster vulnerability and resilience research and practice for climate change. Natural Hazards, 82, 129–143.
  • Kuhn, T.S. (1995). Bilimsel Devrimlerin Yapısı, İstanbul: Alan Yayıncılık.
  • Lavell, A. (2017). Preface, In Marchezini V, Wisner B, Londe LR, Saito SM (ed.) (2017) Reduction of Vulnerability to Disasters: From Knowledge to Action, São Carlos: RiMa Editora.
  • Lavell, A., Maskrey, A. (2014). The Future of Disaster Risk Management, Environmental Hazards. 13(4), 267–280.
  • Lavell, A., Brenes, A., Girot, P. (2013). The role of LA RED in Disaster Risk Management in Latin America, World Social Science Report 2013, UNESCO.
  • Lavell, A. (2012). LA RED: A Pioneering Research and Action Network in Latin America, In Wisner B, Gaillard JC, Kelman I (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction, London: Routledge.
  • Marchezini, V., Wisner, B., Londe, L,R., Saito, S.M. (ed.) (2017). Reduction of Vulnerability to Disasters: From Knowledge to Action, São Carlos: RiMa Editora.
  • Maskrey, A. (ed.) (1993). Los Desastres No Son Naturales, Bogotá: LA RED–Tercer Mundo Editores.
  • Maskrey, A. (1989). Disaster mitigation: A community-based Approach, Oxford: Oxfam.
  • O’Keefe, P., Westgate, K., Wisner, B. (1976). Taking the naturalness out of natural disasters, Nature, 260 (5552), 566–567.
  • Oliver-Smith, A. (2020). Prologue, In García-Acosta V (ed.) (2020) The Anthropology of Disasters in Latin America: State of the Art, London: Routledge. Oliver-Smith, A. (2002). Theorizing Disasters: Nature, Power, and Culture? In Hoffman SM, Oliver-Smith A (ed.) Catastrophe and Culture: The Anthropology of Disaster. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, NM. 23–47.
  • Oliver-Smith, A. (1995). Peru’s five-hundred-year earthquake: Vulnerability in historical context. In Varley A, (ed.), Disasters, Development and Environment, Chichester, U.K.: John Wiley.
  • Oliver-Smith A, Alcántara-Ayala, I., Burton, I., Lavell, A. (2016). Forensic Investigations of Disasters (FORIN): A Conceptual Framework and Guide to Research, Beijing: Integrated Research on Disaster Risk.
  • Oliver-Smith, A., Alcántara-Ayala, I., Burto, I., Lavell, A. (2017). The social construction of disaster risk: seeking root causes, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 22, 469–474.
  • Revet, S. (2020) Disasterland: An Ethnography of the International Disaster Community, Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Vera-Cortés, G., Macías-Medrano, J.M. (ed.) (2020). Disasters and Neoliberalism: Different Expressions of Social Vulnerability, Switzerland: Springer.
  • Westcoat, J.L. (2015). Risk, hazards and vulnerability, In Perreault T, Bridge G ve McCarthy J (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Political Ecology, London: Routledge.
  • White, G. (1974). Natural Hazards: Local, National, Global. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Wisner, B. (2015). Speaking Truth to Power: A personal account of activist political ecology. In Perreault T, Bridge G ve McCarthy J (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Political Ecology, London: Routledge.
  • Wisner, B., Gaillard, J.C., Kelman, I. (ed.) (2012). The Routledge Handbook of Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction, London: Routledge.
  • Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I. (2004). At Risk: Natural Hazards People’s Vulnerability and Disasters, New York: Routledge.
  • Wisner, B., O´Keefe, P., Westgate, K. (1977). Global System and Local Disasters: The Untapped Power of Peoples Science, Disasters, 1 (1), 47-57.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Beşeri Coğrafya
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nejdet Özberk 0000-0001-7410-8776

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2023
Kabul Tarihi 23 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Özberk, N. (2023). Afet Sosyal Bilim Araştırmalarında Bir ‘Epistemik Cemaat’: Latin Amerika’da LA RED. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi, 6(1), 36-56. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1091149
AMA Özberk N. Afet Sosyal Bilim Araştırmalarında Bir ‘Epistemik Cemaat’: Latin Amerika’da LA RED. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. Mart 2023;6(1):36-56. doi:10.35341/afet.1091149
Chicago Özberk, Nejdet. “Afet Sosyal Bilim Araştırmalarında Bir ‘Epistemik Cemaat’: Latin Amerika’da LA RED”. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi 6, sy. 1 (Mart 2023): 36-56. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1091149.
EndNote Özberk N (01 Mart 2023) Afet Sosyal Bilim Araştırmalarında Bir ‘Epistemik Cemaat’: Latin Amerika’da LA RED. Afet ve Risk Dergisi 6 1 36–56.
IEEE N. Özberk, “Afet Sosyal Bilim Araştırmalarında Bir ‘Epistemik Cemaat’: Latin Amerika’da LA RED”, Afet ve Risk Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 1, ss. 36–56, 2023, doi: 10.35341/afet.1091149.
ISNAD Özberk, Nejdet. “Afet Sosyal Bilim Araştırmalarında Bir ‘Epistemik Cemaat’: Latin Amerika’da LA RED”. Afet ve Risk Dergisi 6/1 (Mart 2023), 36-56. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1091149.
JAMA Özberk N. Afet Sosyal Bilim Araştırmalarında Bir ‘Epistemik Cemaat’: Latin Amerika’da LA RED. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. 2023;6:36–56.
MLA Özberk, Nejdet. “Afet Sosyal Bilim Araştırmalarında Bir ‘Epistemik Cemaat’: Latin Amerika’da LA RED”. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 36-56, doi:10.35341/afet.1091149.
Vancouver Özberk N. Afet Sosyal Bilim Araştırmalarında Bir ‘Epistemik Cemaat’: Latin Amerika’da LA RED. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. 2023;6(1):36-5.